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Rough fish (or the slang trash fish or dirt fish) is a term used by some United States state agencies and anglers to describe fish that are less desirable to sport anglers within a defined region. The term usually refers to larger game fish species that are not commonly eaten, are too rare to be commonly encountered, or are not favorably sought by anglers for sporting purposes. Many of these species are actually very important in the commercial fishing industry, where they make up the bulk of commercial food fish catches in inland freshwater bodies.^[1]

Etymology

The first reference to the term "rough" as applied to fish species is in the historical work A History of Fish and Fishing on the Upper Mississippi River by Carlander. To summarize: In the mid- to late 19th century, commercial fishermen in the Central United States, particularly in the Mississippi River, often netted and processed large quantities of river fish in their boats, and would then travel many miles up or down river to deliver these fish to markets for sale. In hot summer weather, the slow, heavily loaded boats often had to be lightened quickly to ensure that the entire catch did not become spoiled before reaching the markets. The common practice of the time was to save the fully processed fish, since these commanded a higher price at market. Rough-dressed fish (or fish sold "in the rough" — which means they had the internal organs removed but were not yet filleted) were discarded by dumping the carcasses into the river to lighten the boat. Thus, originally a "rough fish" was a fish of any species that had been only partly processed and which could not be sold for full price. The term subsequently evolved into a derogatory term for any fish that was undesirable or unpopular.^[1]

Usage variations

The term "coarse fish" is used in the United Kingdom to describe all fishes besides trout and salmon, but it is not a derogatory term.^[2]

The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has made preliminary efforts to replace the term "rough fish" with "underused fish",^[3] like some other state agencies have actually done,^[4] but this has remained an incomplete effort in Minnesota.^[5]

Subjectivity of definition

There is no standard list of rough fishes. A fish that is considered "rough" in one region may be considered a desirable game and food fish in another, often due to cultural differences or simply regional tradition. For example, the common carp is considered an undesirable rough fish in the United States and Australia, but is the premier game fish of continental Europe^{[citation needed]} and the single most important food fish across most of Asia^{[citation needed]}. Further, some rough fish become game fish (and vice versa) over time,^[5] as different angling methods, sporting opportunities (e.g. modernized bowfishing^[4]) and new ways to prepare, cook and consume the fish evolve. In the U.S., the longnose gar is considered a rough fish and undesirable nuisance in Ohio, but in Louisiana it is considered a desirable food fish. Due to the many small bones, it is rarely filleted; instead, the meat is usually minced and rolled with seasonings into "gar balls" to be fried as meatballs.^[6]

Native vis-à-vis exotic

Many US state agencies use "rough fish" as a catch-all term to combine both unappreciated native fish species with problematic invasive species.^[4]^[7] This creates confusion about the endemism of species native to North America.^[4] For example, some "rough fishes" are exotic species that have been introduced into North American waters from other continents either intentionally or unintentionally (e.g. the common carp, bighead carp, silver carp, grass carp, snakehead), that have established naturalized foothold in the new habitats. Other "rough fishes" are native species that can be confused with Asian carps because they look superficially similar (bigmouth buffalo, smallmouth buffalo and suckers). Because in many states all of these native fish are lumped together as "rough" along with invasive species, the public is quick to label and treat them all as invasive "carp". Still other rough fishes are native fishes completely unlike carp, but are categorized as such because they are underused or unpopular.^[2] In North America native "rough fish" such as suckers have historically been scapegoated for human environmental destruction and its impacts on popular fish species such as Pacific salmon and smallmouth bass. They have also been seen by some fisheries managers as inferior to introduced species such as brown trout for aesthetic reasons.^[8]

Prospects

Many rough fish species are federally recognized as endangered, threatened, candidate or species of concern. Because these native American fishes have limited and declining populations and are at risk of extinction, they are listed under the Endangered Species Act.^[9] Some rough fishes listed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service are:

Blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus)^[10]
Razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)^[11]
Robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum)^[12]
Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus)^[13]
Gray redhorse (Moxostoma congestum)^[14]
Sicklefin redhorse (Moxostoma spp.)^[15]
Shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris)^[16]
Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis)^[17]
Greater redhorse (Moxostoma valenciennesi)^[18]
Colorado pikeminnow (pikeminnows – Ptychocheilus spp.)
Roundtail chub (Gila robusta)
Humpback chub (Gila cypha)
Bonytail chub (Gila elegans)

References

^ ^a ^b Carlander HB (1954) A history of fish and fishing in the upper Mississippi River Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, University of California.
^ ^a ^b Rob Buffler and Tom Dickson (1990) Fishing for Buffalo: A Guide to the Pursuit, Lore & Cuisine of Buffalo, Carp, Mooneye, Gar, and other "Rough" Fish Culpepper Press, Minneapolis
^ Minnesota Fishing Regulation Booklet, 2010"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2015-07-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lackmann, Alec R.; Andrews, Allen H.; Butler, Malcolm G.; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Clark, Mark E. (2019-05-23). "Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity". Communications Biology. 2 (1): 197. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0452-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 6533251. PMID 31149641.
^ ^a ^b "Minnesota Fishing Regulations 2020" (PDF).
^ Becker, George C. (1983) Fishes of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press
^ "112-year-old fish has broken a longevity record". National Geographic. 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
^ Miller, Matthew L. (2 March 2015). "A Sucker (Myth) Is Born Every Minute". blog.nature.org. Nature. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
^ US Fish and Wildlife Service [1]
^ ESA Listing for Blue Sucker (Cycleptus elongatus)
^ ESA Listing for Razorback Sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)
^ ESA Listing for Robust Redhorse (Moxostoma robustum)
^ ESA Listing for Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus)
^ ESA Listing for Gray Redhorse (moxostoma congestum)
^ ESA Listing for Sicklefin Redhorse (Moxostoma sp.)
^ ESA Listing for Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris)
^ ESA Listing for Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis)
^ ESA Listing for Greater redhorse (Moxostoma valenciennesi)

Sources

Carlander HB (1954) A history of fish and fishing in the upper Mississippi River Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, University of California. Html version
Rob Buffler and Tom Dickson (1990) Fishing for Buffalo: A Guide to the Pursuit, Lore & Cuisine of Buffalo, Carp, Mooneye, Gar, and other "Rough" Fish Culpepper Press, Minneapolis.
Becker, George C. (1983) Fishes of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press
Minnesota Fishing Regulation Booklet, 2010 [2]
US Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program [3]

External links

[mississippi-river.com-1] Carlander HB (1954) A history of fish and fishing in the upper Mississippi River Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, University of California.

[Tom_Dickson_1990-2] Rob Buffler and Tom Dickson (1990) Fishing for Buffalo: A Guide to the Pursuit, Lore & Cuisine of Buffalo, Carp, Mooneye, Gar, and other "Rough" Fish Culpepper Press, Minneapolis

[3] Minnesota Fishing Regulation Booklet, 2010"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2015-07-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[:1-4] Lackmann, Alec R.; Andrews, Allen H.; Butler, Malcolm G.; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Clark, Mark E. (2019-05-23). "Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity". Communications Biology. 2 (1): 197. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0452-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 6533251. PMID 31149641.

[:0-5] "Minnesota Fishing Regulations 2020" (PDF).

[6] Becker, George C. (1983) Fishes of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press

[7] "112-year-old fish has broken a longevity record". National Geographic. 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2020-06-15.

[8] Miller, Matthew L. (2 March 2015). "A Sucker (Myth) Is Born Every Minute". blog.nature.org. Nature. Retrieved 2 May 2019.

[9] US Fish and Wildlife Service [1]

[10] ESA Listing for Blue Sucker (Cycleptus elongatus)

[11] ESA Listing for Razorback Sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)

[12] ESA Listing for Robust Redhorse (Moxostoma robustum)

[13] ESA Listing for Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus)

[14] ESA Listing for Gray Redhorse (moxostoma congestum)

[15] ESA Listing for Sicklefin Redhorse (Moxostoma sp.)

[16] ESA Listing for Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris)

[17] ESA Listing for Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis)

[18] ESA Listing for Greater redhorse (Moxostoma valenciennesi)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Fish considered less desirable to some anglers}}
-'''Rough fish''' (or the slang ''trash fish'' or ''dirt fish'') is a term used by U.S. state agencies and U.S. [[Angling|anglers]] to describe fish that are less desirable to sport anglers within a limited region. The term usually refers to larger fish species that are not commonly eaten, are too rare to be commonly encountered, or are not sought by anglers for sporting purposes.  Many of these species are very important in the commercial fishing industry, where they make up the bulk of commercial food fish catches in inland fresh waters.<ref name="mississippi-river.com">Carlander HB (1954) [http://www.mississippi-river.com/umrcc/Reports/Publications/HistoryOfFishAndFishing.pdf ''A history of fish and fishing in the upper Mississippi River''] Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, University of California.</ref>
+'''Rough fish''' (or the slang '''trash fish''' or '''dirt fish''') is a term used by some United States state agencies and [[angling|angler]]s to describe fish that are less desirable to [[sport fishing|sport angler]]s within a defined region. The term usually refers to larger [[game fish]] species that are not commonly eaten, are too rare to be commonly encountered, or are not favorably sought by anglers for sporting purposes. Many of these species are actually very important in the [[commercial fishing]] industry, where they make up the bulk of commercial [[food fish]] catches in inland [[freshwater]] [[body of water|bodies]].<ref name="mississippi-river.com">Carlander HB (1954) [http://www.mississippi-river.com/umrcc/Reports/Publications/HistoryOfFishAndFishing.pdf ''A history of fish and fishing in the upper Mississippi River''] Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, University of California.</ref>
-==Subjectivity==
+==Etymology==
+The first reference to the term "rough" as applied to fish species is in the historical work ''A History of Fish and Fishing on the Upper Mississippi River'' by Carlander.  To summarize: In the mid- to late 19th century, commercial fishermen in the Central United States, particularly in the [[Mississippi River]], often netted and [[fish processing|process]]ed large quantities of river fish in their [[fishing vessel|boat]]s, and would then travel many miles up or down river to deliver these fish to markets for sale.  In hot summer weather, the slow, heavily loaded boats often had to be lightened quickly to ensure that the entire catch did not become spoiled before reaching the markets.  The common practice of the time was to save the fully processed fish, since these commanded a higher price at market.  Rough-dressed fish (or fish sold "in the rough" — which means they had the [[internal organ]]s removed but were not yet filleted) were discarded by dumping the carcasses into the river to lighten the boat.  Thus, originally a "rough fish" was a fish of any species that had been only partly processed and which could not be sold for full price.  The term subsequently evolved into a derogatory term for any fish that was undesirable or unpopular.<ref name="mississippi-river.com"/>
-There is no standard list of rough fishes.  A fish that is considered a rough fish in one region may be considered a desirable game and food fish in another, often due to cultural differences or simply tradition.  For example, the [[common carp]] is considered an undesirable rough fish in the United States and Australia, but is the premier game fish of Europe {{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} and the single most important  food fish across most of Asia {{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}. In the US, the [[longnose gar]] is considered a rough fish and undesirable nuisance in Ohio, but in Louisiana, it is considered tasty by many locals. Due to the many small bones, it is rarely filleted, but instead is usually rolled with seasonings into "gar balls" and fried.<ref>Becker, George C. (1983) [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/EcoNatRes/EcoNatRes-idx?type=header&id=EcoNatRes.FishesWI&isize=M ''Fishes of Wisconsin''] Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press</ref>
-==Native versus exotic==
+==Usage variations==
+The term "[[coarse fish]]" is used in the United Kingdom to describe all fishes besides [[trout]] and [[salmon]], but it is not a derogatory term.<ref name="Tom Dickson 1990"/>
-Some rough fishes are exotic species that have been transplanted into North American waters from other continents either intentionally or unintentionally (for example, the common carp). Other rough fishes are native species that can be confused with carp because they look similar ([[bigmouth buffalo]], [[Ictiobus|smallmouth buffalo]], and [[Catostomidae|suckers]]).  Many of these fishes are difficult to process as food because of their many bones. Still other rough fishes are native fishes completely unlike carp, but are categorized as such because they are underused or unpopular.<ref name="Tom Dickson 1990">Rob Buffler and Tom Dickson (1990) ''Fishing for Buffalo: A Guide to the Pursuit, Lore & Cuisine of Buffalo, Carp, Mooneye, Gar, and other "Rough" Fish'' Culpepper Press, Minneapolis</ref> In North America native rough fish such as suckers have historically been scapegoated for human environmental destruction and its impacts on popular fish species such as [[pacific salmon]] and [[smallmouth bass]]. They have also been seen by some fisheries managers as inferior to introduced species such as [[brown trout]] for aesthetic reasons.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Matthew L. |title=A Sucker (Myth) Is Born Every Minute |url=https://blog.nature.org/science/2015/03/02/a-sucker-myth-is-born-every-minute/ |website=blog.nature.org |publisher=Nature |accessdate=2 May 2019}}</ref>
+The [[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]] has made preliminary efforts to replace the term "rough fish" with "underused fish",<ref>Minnesota Fishing Regulation Booklet, 2010{{cite web |url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/fishing/fishing2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226033246/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/fishing/fishing2010.pdf |archive-date=2014-12-26 }}</ref> like some other state agencies have actually done,<ref name=":1" /> but this has remained an incomplete effort in [[Minnesota]].<ref name=":0" />
-==Origin of the term==
-The first reference to the term "rough" as applied to fish is in the historical work "A History of Fish and Fishing on the Upper Mississippi River" by Carlander.  To summarize: In the mid-to-late 19th century, commercial fishermen in the Central United States often netted and processed large quantities of river fish in their boats for sale, particularly in the [[Mississippi River]].  They would then travel many miles up or down river to deliver these fish to market.  In hot summer weather, the slow, heavily loaded boats often had to be lightened quickly to ensure that the entire catch did not become spoiled before reaching market.  The common practice of the time was to save the fully processed fish, since these commanded a higher price at market.  Rough-dressed fish (or fish sold "in the rough" - which means they had the internal organs removed but were not filleted) were discarded to lighten the boat, by dumping the carcasses into the river.  Thus, originally a "rough fish" was a fish of any species that had been only partly processed and which could not be sold for full price.  The term subsequently evolved into a derogatory term for any fish that was undesirable or unpopular.<ref name="mississippi-river.com"/>
+==Subjectivity of definition==
-==Variations==
+There is no standard list of rough fishes.  A fish that is considered "rough" in one region may be considered a desirable game and food fish in another, often due to cultural differences or simply regional tradition.  For example, the [[common carp]] is considered an undesirable rough fish in the United States and Australia, but is the premier game fish of [[continental Europe]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} and the single most important food fish across most of Asia{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}. Further, some rough fish become game fish (and vice versa) over time,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Minnesota Fishing Regulations 2020|url=https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/fishing/fishing_regs.pdf#view=fit&pagemode=bookmarks}}</ref> as different angling methods, sporting opportunities (e.g. modernized [[bowfishing]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Lackmann|first1=Alec R.|last2=Andrews|first2=Allen H.|last3=Butler|first3=Malcolm G.|last4=Bielak-Lackmann|first4=Ewelina S.|last5=Clark|first5=Mark E.|date=2019-05-23|title=Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity|journal=Communications Biology|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|page=197 |doi=10.1038/s42003-019-0452-0|pmid=31149641 |pmc=6533251 |issn=2399-3642|doi-access=free}}</ref>) and new ways to prepare, cook and consume the fish evolve. In the U.S., the [[longnose gar]] is considered a rough fish and undesirable [[nuisance animal|nuisance]] in [[Ohio]], but in [[Louisiana]] it is considered a desirable food fish. Due to the many small bones, it is rarely [[fish fillet|fillet]]ed; instead, the meat is usually [[ground meat|minced]] and rolled with [[seasoning]]s into "[[fish ball|gar ball]]s" to be fried as [[meatball]]s.<ref>Becker, George C. (1983) [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/EcoNatRes/EcoNatRes-idx?type=header&id=EcoNatRes.FishesWI&isize=M ''Fishes of Wisconsin''] Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press</ref>
-The term [[coarse fish]] is used in the United Kingdom to describe all fishes besides trout and salmon, but it is not a derogatory term.<ref name="Tom Dickson 1990"/>  The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has made efforts to replace the term "rough fish" with "underused fish"<ref>Minnesota Fishing Regulation Booklet, 2010{{cite web |url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/fishing/fishing2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-07-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226033246/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/fishing/fishing2010.pdf |archivedate=2014-12-26 }}</ref>  The slang term "trash fish" is used in some areas, but it is a derogatory term and not accepted by most working directly in the industry, including fishermen.
+===Native vis-à-vis exotic===
+Many US state agencies use "rough fish" as a [[umbrella term|catch-all term]] to combine both unappreciated native fish species with problematic [[invasive species]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-02|title=112-year-old fish has broken a longevity record|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oldest-freshwater-fish-discovered-radiocarbon-dating|access-date=2020-06-15|website=National Geographic|language=en}}</ref> This creates confusion about the [[endemism]] of species native to North America.<ref name=":1" /> For example, some "rough fishes" are exotic species that have been [[introduced species|introduced]] into North American waters from other continents either intentionally or unintentionally (e.g. the [[common carp]], [[bighead carp]], [[silver carp]], [[grass carp]], [[snakehead (fish)|snakehead]]), that have established [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] foothold in the new habitats.  Other "rough fishes" are native species that can be confused with [[Asian carp]]s because they look superficially similar ([[bigmouth buffalo]], [[smallmouth buffalo]] and [[Catostomidae|suckers]]). Because in many states all of these native fish are lumped together as "rough" along with invasive species, the public is quick to label and treat them all as invasive "carp". Still other rough fishes are native fishes completely unlike carp, but are categorized as such because they are underused or unpopular.<ref name="Tom Dickson 1990">Rob Buffler and Tom Dickson (1990) ''Fishing for Buffalo: A Guide to the Pursuit, Lore & Cuisine of Buffalo, Carp, Mooneye, Gar, and other "Rough" Fish'' Culpepper Press, Minneapolis</ref> In North America native "rough fish" such as suckers have historically been scapegoated for human environmental destruction and its impacts on popular fish species such as [[Pacific salmon]] and [[smallmouth bass]]. They have also been seen by some fisheries managers as inferior to introduced species such as [[brown trout]] for aesthetic reasons.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Matthew L. |title=A Sucker (Myth) Is Born Every Minute |url=https://blog.nature.org/science/2015/03/02/a-sucker-myth-is-born-every-minute/ |website=blog.nature.org |date=2 March 2015 |publisher=Nature |access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref>
 ==Prospects==
-Many rough fish species are federally endangered, threatened, candidate, or species of concern.  These native American fishes have limited and declining populations and are at risk of extinction.  Because of this, they are listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act.<ref>US Fish and Wildlife Service ''[http://www.fws.gov/endangered/wildlife.html]''</ref>  Some rough fishes listed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service are:
+Many rough fish species are federally recognized as endangered, threatened, candidate or species of concern.  Because these native American fishes have limited and declining populations and are at risk of extinction, they are listed under the [[Endangered Species Act]].<ref>US Fish and Wildlife Service ''[http://www.fws.gov/endangered/wildlife.html]''</ref>  Some rough fishes listed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] are:
 *Blue sucker (''[[Cycleptus elongatus]]'')<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E060 ESA Listing for Blue Sucker (Cycleptus elongatus)]</ref>
@@ Line 21: / Line 24: @@
 *Cui-ui (''[[Chasmistes cujus]]'')<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E001 ESA Listing for Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus)]</ref>
 *Gray redhorse (''[[Moxostoma congestum]]'')<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E0BB ESA Listing for Gray Redhorse (moxostoma congestum)]</ref>
-*Sicklefin redhorse ([[Moxostoma |Moxostoma spp.]])<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E0AF ESA Listing for Sicklefin Redhorse (Moxostoma sp.)]</ref>
+*Sicklefin redhorse ([[Moxostoma ]]spp.)<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E0AF ESA Listing for Sicklefin Redhorse (Moxostoma sp.)]</ref>
 *Shortnose sucker (''[[Chasmistes brevirostris]]'')<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E055 ESA Listing for Shortnose Sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris)]</ref>
 *Flannelmouth sucker (''[[Catostomus latipinnis]]'')<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E07V ESA Listing for Flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis)]</ref>
 *Greater redhorse (''[[Moxostoma valenciennesi]]'')<ref>[http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E09D ESA Listing for Greater redhorse (Moxostoma valenciennesi)]</ref>
-*Colorado squawfish ([[pikeminnow]]s -  ''Ptychocheilus'' spp.)
+*Colorado pikeminnow ([[pikeminnow]]s –  ''Ptychocheilus'' spp.)
 *[[Roundtail chub]] (''Gila robusta'')
 *[[Humpback chub]] (''Gila cypha'')
@@ Line 31: / Line 34: @@
 ==See also==
+*[[Atlantic croaker]]
 *[[Bycatch]]
 *[[Carp]]
 *Bullhead catfish (''[[Ameiurus]]'')
-*[[Drum (fish)|Drum]]
+*[[Freshwater drum]]
+*Eel
-*[[Freshwater drum|Freshwater drum or Sheepshead]]
-*[[Eel]]
 *[[Gar]]
 *[[Bowfin]]
 *[[Catostomidae|Sucker]]
-*[[Sharks]]
+*Sharks
 *''[[Achirus lineatus]]''
@@ Line 46: / Line 49: @@
 {{reflist|30em}}
+==Sources==
-;General
 * Carlander HB (1954) [http://www.mississippi-river.com/umrcc/Reports/Publications/HistoryOfFishAndFishing.pdf ''A history of fish and fishing in the upper Mississippi River''] Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, University of California. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191040/http://www.mississippi-river.com/umrcc/Reports/Publications/HistoryOfFishAndFishing.pdf Html version]
 * Rob Buffler and Tom Dickson (1990) ''Fishing for Buffalo: A Guide to the Pursuit, Lore & Cuisine of Buffalo, Carp, Mooneye, Gar, and other "Rough" Fish'' Culpepper Press, Minneapolis.
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
 {{diversity of fish}}
+[[Category:Fishing in the United States]]
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Rough Fish}}
-[[Category:Fishing]]
 [[Category:Edible fish]]

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