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'''Kuleana rights''' arose in the mid-1800s and protected the [[Kuleana Act of 1850 (Hawaii)|entitlement]] of Hawaiian [[Tenant farmer|tenant farmers]] and their descendants to, among other things, access [[landlocked parcel|landlocked]] real estate parcels.<ref>[http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/elr/vol29_2/garovoy.pdf “UA KOE KE KULEANA O NA KANAKA” (RESERVING THE RIGHTS OF NATIVE TENANTS): INTEGRATING KULEANA RIGHTS AND LAND TRUST PRIORITIES IN HAWAII], Harvard Law Review (2005); [https://apps.americanbar.org/buslaw/blt/2008-11-12/sproat.shtml Avoiding Trouble in Paradise], Business Law Today (December 2008)</ref>
'''Kuleana rights''' are certain land use rights once enjoyed by Hawaiian [[Tenant farmer|tenant farmers]] and in the modern day are attached to particular plots of land. The six distinct kuleana rights are:<ref>[https://journals.law.harvard.edu/elr/wp-content/uploads/sites/79/2019/07/29.2-Garovoy.pdf “UA KOE KE KULEANA O NA KANAKA” (RESERVING THE RIGHTS OF NATIVE TENANTS): INTEGRATING KULEANA RIGHTS AND LAND TRUST PRIORITIES IN HAWAII], Harvard Law Review (2005); [https://apps.americanbar.org/buslaw/blt/2008-11-12/sproat.shtml Avoiding Trouble in Paradise], Business Law Today (December 2008)</ref>

<blockquote>
(1) reasonable access to the land-locked ''kuleana'' from major thoroughfares;

(2) agricultural uses, such as [[taro]] cultivation;

(3) traditional gathering rights in and around the ''ahupua'a'' [neighborhood];

(4) a house lot not larger than 1/4 acre;

(5) sufficient water for drinking and irrigation from nearby streams, including traditionally established waterways such as '''auwai'';

(6) fishing rights in the ''kunalu'' (the coastal region extending from beach to reef).

</blockquote>

A ''kuleana'' is the smallest portion of land in the traditional [[ahupuaʻa]] system of land management and would be cultivated by a single tenant family on behalf of a regional chief. These rights were first acknowledged in statute as part of the [[Great Māhele]] of King [[Kamehameha III]] and the [[Kuleana Act of 1850 (Hawaii)| Kuleana Act of 1850]] and continue to be protected by the modern-day [[constitution of Hawaii]] and Hawaiian state law. Kuleana rights can be attached to the kuleana land itself or to a descendant's use of a specific plot.


In 2012 the [[Supreme Court of Hawaii|Hawaiian Supreme Court]] confirmed the viability of Kuleana rights in the present day.<ref>[http://www.hawaiireporter.com/long-awaited-supreme-court-ruling-confirms-private-land-access-rights Long Awaited Hawaii Supreme Court Ruling Confirms Private Land Access Rights], Hawaii Reporter (April 30, 2012)</ref>
In 2012 the [[Supreme Court of Hawaii|Hawaiian Supreme Court]] confirmed the viability of Kuleana rights in the present day.<ref>[http://www.hawaiireporter.com/long-awaited-supreme-court-ruling-confirms-private-land-access-rights Long Awaited Hawaii Supreme Court Ruling Confirms Private Land Access Rights], Hawaii Reporter (April 30, 2012)</ref>


In late 2016 [[Mark Zuckerberg]] filed suit to eliminate the ownership interests of more than 100 Hawaiians in Kuleana lands.<ref>[http://thegardenisland.com/news/local/facebook-owner-says-legal-action-needed-to-be-sure-kuleana/article_b18dcfa8-101e-57cb-b1ec-62558c1ce8cc.html Facebook owner says legal action needed to be sure kuleana land owners receive payment], The Garden Island (January 20, 2017)</ref> Early in 2017 Mr. Zuckerberg announced that he would drop the litigation.<ref>[http://thegardenisland.com/news/opinion/guest/zuckerberg-we-are-dropping-our-quiet-title-actions/article_e80fc17c-e4b1-11e6-bc5c-9308d8f880f4.html Zuckerberg: 'We are dropping our quiet title actions'], The Garden Island (January 27, 2017)</ref>
In late 2016 [[Mark Zuckerberg]] filed suit to eliminate the ownership interests of more than 100 Hawaiians in Kuleana lands located within his larger parcel.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/01/19/facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-sues-hawaiian-families-over-kauai-land/96774246/ Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg sues Hawaiian families over Kauai land], USA Today (January 19, 2017)</ref> Early in 2017 Mr. Zuckerberg announced that he would drop the litigation.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38780822 Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg drops case to acquire Hawaiian land], BBC (January 28, 2017)</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Kuleana Act of 1850 (Hawaii)|Kuleana Act of 1850]]
* [[Kuleana Act of 1850 (Hawaii)|Kuleana Act of 1850]]
* [[Ahupuaʻa]]
* [[Ceded lands]]
* [[Ceded lands]]
* [[Great Māhele]]
* [[Great Māhele]]
* [[Hawaiian home land]]
* [[Aboriginal title in the United States]]
* [[Aboriginal title in the United States]]



== References ==
== References ==
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* [http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2492&context=californialawreview Native Hawaiian Land Rights], California Law Review (July 1975)
* [http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2492&context=californialawreview Native Hawaiian Land Rights], California Law Review (July 1975)


[[Category:Real estate]]
[[Category:Real estate in the United States]]
[[Category:Indigenous land rights in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Indigenous land rights in Hawaii]]
[[Category:19th century in Hawaii]]


{{real-estate-stub}}
{{real-estate-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:50, 6 June 2024

Kuleana rights are certain land use rights once enjoyed by Hawaiian tenant farmers and in the modern day are attached to particular plots of land. The six distinct kuleana rights are:[1]

(1) reasonable access to the land-locked kuleana from major thoroughfares;

(2) agricultural uses, such as taro cultivation;

(3) traditional gathering rights in and around the ahupua'a [neighborhood];

(4) a house lot not larger than 1/4 acre;

(5) sufficient water for drinking and irrigation from nearby streams, including traditionally established waterways such as 'auwai;

(6) fishing rights in the kunalu (the coastal region extending from beach to reef).

A kuleana is the smallest portion of land in the traditional ahupuaʻa system of land management and would be cultivated by a single tenant family on behalf of a regional chief. These rights were first acknowledged in statute as part of the Great Māhele of King Kamehameha III and the Kuleana Act of 1850 and continue to be protected by the modern-day constitution of Hawaii and Hawaiian state law. Kuleana rights can be attached to the kuleana land itself or to a descendant's use of a specific plot.

In 2012 the Hawaiian Supreme Court confirmed the viability of Kuleana rights in the present day.[2]

In late 2016 Mark Zuckerberg filed suit to eliminate the ownership interests of more than 100 Hawaiians in Kuleana lands located within his larger parcel.[3] Early in 2017 Mr. Zuckerberg announced that he would drop the litigation.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “UA KOE KE KULEANA O NA KANAKA” (RESERVING THE RIGHTS OF NATIVE TENANTS): INTEGRATING KULEANA RIGHTS AND LAND TRUST PRIORITIES IN HAWAII, Harvard Law Review (2005); Avoiding Trouble in Paradise, Business Law Today (December 2008)
  2. ^ Long Awaited Hawaii Supreme Court Ruling Confirms Private Land Access Rights, Hawaii Reporter (April 30, 2012)
  3. ^ Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg sues Hawaiian families over Kauai land, USA Today (January 19, 2017)
  4. ^ Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg drops case to acquire Hawaiian land, BBC (January 28, 2017)

Further reading

[edit]
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