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{{Short description|Irish-American prelate}}
{{about|the bishop|the professional wrestler|Jim Duggan|the Newfoundland trade union leader and Senator|James Duggan (politician)}}
{{about|the bishop|the professional wrestler|Jim Duggan|the Newfoundland trade union leader and Senator|James Duggan (politician)}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| type = Bishop
| name = The Right Reverend<br>James Duggan
| name = James Duggan
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Bishop-Emeritus of Chicago]]
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Bishop-Emeritus of Chicago]]
| image = Bishop Duggan.jpg
| image = Bishop Duggan.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| church = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| church = [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Chicago]]
| diocese =
| term =
⚫
| predecessor = [[Anthony O'Regan]]
| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Chicago]]
⚫
| successor = [[Patrick Feehan]]
| term = January 21, 1859 – April 14, 1869 (resigned officially September 10, 1880)
⚫
<!-- Orders -->| ordination = 29 May 1847
⚫
| predecessor = [[Anthony O'Regan]]
⚫
| ordinated_by =
⚫
| successor = [[Patrick Feehan]]
⚫
| consecration = 3 May 1857
⚫
<!-- Orders -->
⚫
| consecrated_by = [[Peter Kenrick]]
| ordination = May 28, 1847
⚫
| rank = <!-- Personal details -->
⚫
| ordinated_by =
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date|1825|5|22}}
⚫
| consecration = January 21, 1859
⚫
| birth_place = [[Maynooth]], [[County Kildare]], [[Ireland]]
⚫
| consecrated_by =
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1899|3|27|1825|5|22}}
| rank =
⚫
| death_place = [[Saint Louis, Missouri|Saint Louis]], [[Missouri]]
⚫
<!-- Personal details -->
⚫
| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Louis|Coadjutor Bishop of Saint Louis]] (1857-1859) <br> Titular Bishop of Galaba (1857-1859)
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date|1825|5|22}}
| honorific_prefix = The Right Reverend
⚫
| birth_place = [[Maynooth]], [[County Kildare]], [[Ireland]]
| appointed = 9 January 1857
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1899|3|27|1825|5|22}}
| ordained_by = [[Peter Kenrick]]
⚫
| death_place = [[Saint Louis, Missouri|Saint Louis]], [[Missouri]]
⚫
| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Louis|Coadjutor Bishop of Saint Louis]]
}}
}}


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===Early years===
===Early years===


James Duggan was born on May 22, 1825 in [[Maynooth]], [[County Kildare]], [[Ireland]],<ref name=chicath>[https://www.chicagocatholic.com/chicagoland/-/article/2016/11/28/meet-the-previous-leaders-of-the-church-in-chica-1 "Meet the previous leaders of the church in Chicago", ''Chicago Catholic'', November 27, 2016]</ref> a clothier's son. At the invitation of [[St. Louis]] [[Archbishop]] [[Peter Kenrick]], recruiting young men to fill the need for priests in the United States, he emigrated in 1842 to complete studies for the priesthood at St. Vincent's Seminary in [[Cape Girardeau]], [[Missouri]]. He was ordained a priest on May 29, 1847.<ref name="Treanor">John J. Treanor, "Chicago's fourth bishop 'home' after 102 years" ''The Catholic New World'' April 1, 2001 {{cite web |url=http://catholicnewworld.com/archive/cnw2001/040101/final_040101.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-09-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708123626/http://catholicnewworld.com/archive/cnw2001/040101/final_040101.html |archivedate=2011-07-08 }}</ref>
James Duggan was born on May 22, 1825, in [[Maynooth]], [[County Kildare]], [[Ireland]],<ref name=chicath>[https://www.chicagocatholic.com/chicagoland/-/article/2016/11/28/meet-the-previous-leaders-of-the-church-in-chica-1 "Meet the previous leaders of the church in Chicago", ''Chicago Catholic'', November 27, 2016]</ref> a clothier's son. At the invitation of [[St. Louis]] [[Archbishop]] [[Peter Kenrick]], recruiting young men to fill the need for priests in the United States, he emigrated in 1842 to complete studies for the priesthood at St. Vincent's Seminary in [[Cape Girardeau]], [[Missouri]]. He was ordained a priest on May 29, 1847.<ref name="Treanor">John J. Treanor, "Chicago's fourth bishop "home" after 102 years" ''The Catholic New World'' April 1, 2001 {{cite web |url=http://catholicnewworld.com/archive/cnw2001/040101/final_040101.html |title=The Catholic New World - 04/01/01 - Final chapter, final rest: Chicago's fourth bishop "home" after 102 years |access-date=2010-09-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708123626/http://catholicnewworld.com/archive/cnw2001/040101/final_040101.html |archive-date=2011-07-08 }}</ref>


In 1854 Archbishop Kenrick appointed Duggan vicar general of St. Louis and then, after only five years of priesthood, appointed him temporary administrator of the Diocese of Chicago after Bishop [[James Oliver Van de Velde]], the second bishop of Chicago, was translated to Natchez in 1853.
In 1854 Archbishop Kenrick appointed Duggan vicar general of St. Louis and then, after only five years of priesthood, appointed him temporary administrator of the Diocese of Chicago after Bishop [[James Oliver Van de Velde]], the second bishop of Chicago, was translated to Natchez in 1853.


On May 1, 1857, Kenrick consecrated Duggan titular bishop of [[Jableh|Gabala]] and [[Coadjutor bishop|coadjutor]] bishop of St. Louis.<ref name=chicath/> Again he became administrator of the Diocese of Chicago when Bishop [[Anthony O'Regan]], the third bishop of Chicago, resigned on June 25, 1858. On January 21, 1859 Bishop Duggan was appointed the fourth bishop of Chicago, aged only 34.<ref name="c-h">[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bduggan.html Bishop James Duggan, catholic-hierarchy.org]</ref>
On May 1, 1857, Kenrick consecrated Duggan titular bishop of [[Jableh|Gabala]] and [[Coadjutor bishop|coadjutor]] bishop of St. Louis.<ref name=chicath/> Again he became administrator of the Diocese of Chicago when Bishop [[Anthony O'Regan]], the third bishop of Chicago, resigned on June 25, 1858. On January 21, 1859, Bishop Duggan was appointed the fourth bishop of Chicago, aged only 34.<ref name="c-h">[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bduggan.html Bishop James Duggan, catholic-hierarchy.org]</ref>


===Bishop of Chicago===
===Bishop of Chicago===
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===Removal and institutionalization===
===Removal and institutionalization===
Ten years after his installation, on April 14, 1869, Bishop Duggan was removed as Chicago bishop and spent the next 29 years living in obscurity in a [[sanatorium]] conducted by the Sisters of Charity in St. Louis.<ref name=chicath/> The Rev. [[Thomas Patrick Roger Foley|Thomas Foley]], a priest of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore|Archdiocese of Baltimore]], was named [[Coadjutor bishop]] and served as Chicago's bishop in his place.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfoleyt.html|title=Bishop Thomas Patrick Roger Foley|publisher=catholic-hierarchy.org|accessdate=2013-02-10|last=|first=}}</ref> Duggan resigned officially as bishop on September 10, 1880 and died at the sanatorium on March 27, 1899. At a time before accurate diagnosis and treatment of [[Mental disorder|mental illness]] was possible, Duggan was institutionalized on the understanding that he was "hopelessly insane." Today there is no evidence with which to diagnose what exactly he suffered from.
Ten years after his installation, on April 14, 1869, Bishop Duggan was removed as Chicago bishop and spent the next 29 years living in obscurity in a [[sanatorium]] conducted by the Sisters of Charity in St. Louis.<ref name=chicath/> The Rev. [[Thomas Patrick Roger Foley|Thomas Foley]], a priest of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore|Archdiocese of Baltimore]], was named [[Coadjutor bishop]] and served as Chicago's bishop in his place.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfoleyt.html|title=Bishop Thomas Patrick Roger Foley|publisher=catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2013-02-10}}</ref> Duggan resigned officially as bishop on September 10, 1880, and died at the sanatorium on March 27, 1899. At a time before accurate diagnosis and treatment of [[Mental disorder|mental illness]] was possible, Duggan was institutionalized on the understanding that he was "hopelessly insane". Today there is no evidence with which to diagnose what exactly he suffered from.


On March 29, 2001 Bishop Duggan's remains were ceremoniously moved from Calvary Cemetery in [[Evanston, Illinois|Evanston]], Illinois to be placed in the Bishop's Mausoleum at [[Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside)|Mount Carmel Cemetery]] in [[Hillside, Illinois|Hillside]], Illinois where most of his colleague bishops of Chicago are buried. The stigma of mental illness perhaps explains why this had not happened in 1912, the year the Mausoleum was completed.<ref name="Treanor" />
On March 29, 2001, Bishop Duggan's remains were ceremoniously moved from Calvary Cemetery in [[Evanston, Illinois|Evanston]], Illinois to be placed in the Bishop's Mausoleum at [[Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside)|Mount Carmel Cemetery]] in [[Hillside, Illinois|Hillside]], Illinois where most of his colleague bishops of Chicago are buried. The stigma of mental illness perhaps explains why this had not happened in 1912, the year the Mausoleum was completed.<ref name="Treanor" />


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Maynooth]]
[[Category:People from Maynooth]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)]]
[[Category:Irish emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People from Chicago]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Chicago]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Chicago]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Chicago]]
[[Category:Burials at the Bishop's Mausoleum, Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside)]]
[[Category:Burials at the Bishop's Mausoleum, Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside)]]

Latest revision as of 00:36, 7 June 2024

This article is about the bishop. For the professional wrestler, see Jim Duggan. For the Newfoundland trade union leader and Senator, see James Duggan (politician).
The Right Reverend

James Duggan
Bishop-Emeritus of Chicago
ChurchCatholic
ArchdioceseChicago
Appointed9 January 1857
PredecessorAnthony O'Regan
SuccessorPatrick Feehan
Previous post(s)Coadjutor Bishop of Saint Louis (1857-1859)
Titular Bishop of Galaba (1857-1859)
Orders
Ordination29 May 1847
by Peter Kenrick
Consecration3 May 1857
by Peter Kenrick
Personal details
Born(1825-05-22)May 22, 1825
Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
DiedMarch 27, 1899(1899-03-27) (aged 73)
Saint Louis, Missouri

James Duggan (May 22, 1825 – March 27, 1899) was an Irish-American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the fourth bishop of the Diocese of Chicago from 1859 to 1869, officially resigning in 1880.

Biography

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

James Duggan was born on May 22, 1825, in Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland,[1] a clothier's son. At the invitation of St. Louis Archbishop Peter Kenrick, recruiting young men to fill the need for priests in the United States, he emigrated in 1842 to complete studies for the priesthood at St. Vincent's Seminary in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. He was ordained a priest on May 29, 1847.[2]

In 1854 Archbishop Kenrick appointed Duggan vicar general of St. Louis and then, after only five years of priesthood, appointed him temporary administrator of the Diocese of Chicago after Bishop James Oliver Van de Velde, the second bishop of Chicago, was translated to Natchez in 1853.

On May 1, 1857, Kenrick consecrated Duggan titular bishop of Gabala and coadjutor bishop of St. Louis.[1] Again he became administrator of the Diocese of Chicago when Bishop Anthony O'Regan, the third bishop of Chicago, resigned on June 25, 1858. On January 21, 1859, Bishop Duggan was appointed the fourth bishop of Chicago, aged only 34.[3]

Bishop of Chicago

[edit]

Duggan faced challenges in Chicago: the legacy of the decade-long lack of leadership in the diocese, the effects of the financial panic of 1857, and of the Civil War. German Catholics were hostile to an Irish bishop. Irish-born priests were hostile to his stand against the Fenian Brotherhood: he denied the sacraments to anyone tied to this secret society. Some clergy felt Bishop Duggan did not do enough to support the University of St. Mary of the Lake with its seminary, the first chartered university in Illinois, at a time of crisis in enrollment and its finances.

In any event, Duggan had enjoyed a reputation, confirmed by his swift ecclesiastical promotion, for intelligence, affability, and eloquence. Yet after he returned from the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1866 he began to change: moodiness, erratic behavior, signs of stress. When Duggan traveled abroad to relax and recover, several of his priests concerned for the bishop's stability took the opportunity to ask the Vatican to investigate.[2]

Removal and institutionalization

[edit]

Ten years after his installation, on April 14, 1869, Bishop Duggan was removed as Chicago bishop and spent the next 29 years living in obscurity in a sanatorium conducted by the Sisters of Charity in St. Louis.[1] The Rev. Thomas Foley, a priest of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, was named Coadjutor bishop and served as Chicago's bishop in his place.[4] Duggan resigned officially as bishop on September 10, 1880, and died at the sanatorium on March 27, 1899. At a time before accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental illness was possible, Duggan was institutionalized on the understanding that he was "hopelessly insane". Today there is no evidence with which to diagnose what exactly he suffered from.

On March 29, 2001, Bishop Duggan's remains were ceremoniously moved from Calvary Cemetery in Evanston, Illinois to be placed in the Bishop's Mausoleum at Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois where most of his colleague bishops of Chicago are buried. The stigma of mental illness perhaps explains why this had not happened in 1912, the year the Mausoleum was completed.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Meet the previous leaders of the church in Chicago", Chicago Catholic, November 27, 2016
  2. ^ a b c John J. Treanor, "Chicago's fourth bishop "home" after 102 years" The Catholic New World April 1, 2001 "The Catholic New World - 04/01/01 - Final chapter, final rest: Chicago's fourth bishop "home" after 102 years". Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
  3. ^ Bishop James Duggan, catholic-hierarchy.org
  4. ^ "Bishop Thomas Patrick Roger Foley". catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
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