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Plainview, Texas: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 34°11′28″N 101°43′8″W / 34.19111°N 101.71889°W / 34.19111; -101.71889
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Updated population to 2023 estimates.
 
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Plainview, Texas
| official_name = Plainview, Texas
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Plainview Texas City Hall 2019.jpg
| image_skyline =
| image_size = 250px
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Plainview City Hall
| image_caption = Plainview City Hall
| image_map = Hale County Plainview.svg
| image_map = Hale County Plainview.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| mapsize = 250px
| pushpin_map = Texas#USA
| pushpin_map = Texas#USA
| pushpin_label = Plainview
| pushpin_label = Plainview
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|11|28|N|101|43|8|W|region:US|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|11|28|N|101|43|8|W|region:US|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{Flagicon|USA}}United States
| subdivision_name = {{Flagicon|USA}}United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flagicon|Texas}}[[Texas]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flagicon|Texas}}[[Texas]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hale County, Texas|Hale]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hale County, Texas|Hale]]
| government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| leader_title = [[City Council]]
| government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor/City Council]]
| leader_name = {{Ubl
| leader_name = Mayor, Dr. Charles Starnes
|Nelda VanHoose
Council Member, Dist 1 Mary Elizabeth Dickerson, Council Member, Dist 2 Steve Martinez, Council Member, Dist 3 Mike McDonough, Council Member, Dist 4 Gary House, Mayor Pro Tem, Dist 5 Susan Blackerby, Council Member, Dist 6 Evan Weiss, Council Member, Dist 7 Lorie Rodriguez
|Larry Williams
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor/City Council]]
|Norma Juarez
| leader_name1 =
|Teressa King
| leader_title2 = [[City Manager]]
|Susan Blackerby
| leader_name2 = Jeffrey Snyder
|Evan Weiss
| unit_pref = Imperial
|Patra Moreno
| area_total_km2 = 35.99
| area_total_sq_mi = 13.89
| area_land_km2 = 35.99
| area_land_sq_mi = 13.89
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| elevation_m = 1026
| elevation_ft = 3366
| population_total = 20187
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_density_km2 = 560.91
| population_density_sq_mi = 1453.35
| timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code = 79072-79073
| area_code = [[Area code 806|806]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 48-57980<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1365375<ref name="GR3">{{Cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|plainviewtx.org}}
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| population_est = 19420
| pop_est_as_of = 2023
}}
}}
'''Plainview''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Hale County, Texas]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> As of the [[United States Census, 2020|2020 census]], its population was 20,187.
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]

| leader_name1 = Charles Starnes
==History==
| leader_title2 = [[City Manager]]
Plainview began when Z. T. Maxwell and Edwin Lowden Lowe established a post office in March 18, 1887. The town received its name due to the vast treeless plain surrounding it. On July 3, 1888, the town received a charter, and it became the county seat in August the same year, when [[Hale County, Texas|Hale County]] was organized.<ref name="Plainview History">{{Cite web |title=Plainview, TX (Hale County) |last=Davis |first=Charles G. |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |work=Handbook of Texas |access-date=29 December 2023 |url= https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/plainview-tx-hale-county }}</ref>
| leader_name2 = Jeffrey Snyder

| unit_pref = Imperial
In 1906, the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway reached Plainview, initiating an agricultural boom in the region. The city incorporated in 1907, and by 1910, it had almost 3,000 residents, earning the nickname "Athens of West Texas." Central Plains College and Conservatory of Music, later renamed Seth Ward College, was founded in 1907, and [[Wayland Baptist University|Wayland Baptist College]] (now Wayland Baptist University) was established in 1909.<ref name="Plainview History"/>
| area_total_km2 = 35.99

| area_total_sq_mi = 13.89
In 1969, country singer [[Jimmy Dean]] opened the Jimmy Dean Meat Company, and in 1971, [[Cargill Meat Solutions|Missouri Beef Packers]] established a large beef-processing plant.<ref name="Plainview History"/>
| area_land_km2 = 35.99
| area_land_sq_mi = 13.89
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| elevation_m = 1026
| elevation_ft = 3366
| population_total = 22194
| population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
| population_density_km2 = 559.72
| population_density_sq_mi = 1449.66
| timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code = 79072-79073
| area_code = [[Area code 806|806]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 48-57980<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1365375<ref name="GR3">{{Cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|plainviewtx.org}}
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|population_est = 20143
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''Plainview''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Hale County, Texas]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> As of the [[United States Census, 2010|2010 census]], the population was 22,194.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==

Plainview is located at {{Coord|34|11|28|N|101|43|8|W|type:city}} (34.191204, -101.718806) and is located on the [[Llano Estacado]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer.html|title=U.S. Gazetteer: 2010, 2000, and 1990|last=Geography|first=US Census Bureau|date=2011-02-12|website=www.census.gov|language=EN-US|access-date=2011-04-23}}</ref>
Plainview is located at {{Coord|34|11|28|N|101|43|8|W|type:city}} (34.191204, –101.718806) on the [[Llano Estacado]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer.html|title=U.S. Gazetteer: 2010, 2000, and 1990|last=Geography|first=US Census Bureau|date=2011-02-12|website=www.census.gov|language=EN-US|access-date=2011-04-23}}</ref>


According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{Convert|13.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{Convert|13.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land.


=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===

According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Plainview has a [[semiarid climate]], ''BSk'' on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=3137&cityname=Plainview,+Texas,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Plainview, Texas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Plainview has a [[semiarid climate]], ''BSk'' on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=3137&cityname=Plainview,+Texas,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Plainview, Texas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Plainview, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1908–present)
| Jan record high F = 84
| Feb record high F = 89
| Mar record high F = 93
| Apr record high F = 102
| May record high F = 108
| Jun record high F = 112
| Jul record high F = 110
| Aug record high F = 107
| Sep record high F = 102
| Oct record high F = 99
| Nov record high F = 90
| Dec record high F = 82
| year record high F =
| Jan avg record high F = 73.4
| Feb avg record high F = 77.6
| Mar avg record high F = 85.0
| Apr avg record high F = 90.3
| May avg record high F = 97.4
| Jun avg record high F = 101.9
| Jul avg record high F = 100.7
| Aug avg record high F = 99.2
| Sep avg record high F = 96.0
| Oct avg record high F = 90.4
| Nov avg record high F = 80.7
| Dec avg record high F = 73.0
| year avg record high F = 104.4
| Jan high F = 52.3
| Feb high F = 56.7
| Mar high F = 65.1
| Apr high F = 73.4
| May high F = 81.8
| Jun high F = 90.2
| Jul high F = 92.4
| Aug high F = 91.0
| Sep high F = 83.8
| Oct high F = 74.0
| Nov high F = 61.8
| Dec high F = 52.8
| year high F = 72.9
| Jan mean F = 39.2
| Feb mean F = 42.8
| Mar mean F = 50.7
| Apr mean F = 58.7
| May mean F = 68.3
| Jun mean F = 77.1
| Jul mean F = 80.1
| Aug mean F = 78.7
| Sep mean F = 71.3
| Oct mean F = 60.3
| Nov mean F = 48.5
| Dec mean F = 40.2
| year mean F = 59.7
| Jan low F = 26.1
| Feb low F = 28.9
| Mar low F = 36.3
| Apr low F = 43.9
| May low F = 54.7
| Jun low F = 64.1
| Jul low F = 67.9
| Aug low F = 66.3
| Sep low F = 58.8
| Oct low F = 46.7
| Nov low F = 35.1
| Dec low F = 27.6
| year low F = 46.4
| Jan avg record low F = 12.0
| Feb avg record low F = 14.8
| Mar avg record low F = 20.0
| Apr avg record low F = 30.2
| May avg record low F = 40.7
| Jun avg record low F = 54.5
| Jul avg record low F = 61.3
| Aug avg record low F = 59.6
| Sep avg record low F = 46.4
| Oct avg record low F = 31.3
| Nov avg record low F = 19.8
| Dec avg record low F = 12.7
| year avg record low F = 7.2
| Jan record low F = -7
| Feb record low F = -8
| Mar record low F = -2
| Apr record low F = 15
| May record low F = 24
| Jun record low F = 39
| Jul record low F = 50
| Aug record low F = 45
| Sep record low F = 33
| Oct record low F = 17
| Nov record low F = 3
| Dec record low F = -5
| year record low F =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 0.68
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.60
| Mar precipitation inch = 1.25
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.52
| May precipitation inch = 2.86
| Jun precipitation inch = 2.74
| Jul precipitation inch = 2.38
| Aug precipitation inch = 2.12
| Sep precipitation inch = 1.99
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.63
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.83
| Dec precipitation inch = 0.73
| year precipitation inch = 19.33
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 3.3
| Feb precipitation days = 3.7
| Mar precipitation days = 4.5
| Apr precipitation days = 4.7
| May precipitation days = 7.1
| Jun precipitation days = 7.5
| Jul precipitation days = 5.9
| Aug precipitation days = 6.7
| Sep precipitation days = 6.1
| Oct precipitation days = 5.3
| Nov precipitation days = 3.6
| Dec precipitation days = 3.7
| year precipitation days = 62.1
| Jan snow inch = 2.1
| Feb snow inch = 1.5
| Mar snow inch = 0.8
| Apr snow inch = 0.1
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.1
| Nov snow inch = 1.2
| Dec snow inch = 2.4
| year snow inch = 8.2
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 1.3
| Feb snow days = 1.3
| Mar snow days = 0.7
| Apr snow days = 0.1
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.1
| Nov snow days = 0.6
| Dec snow days = 1.3
| year snow days = 5.4
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=lub
|title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 29, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00417079&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 29, 2023}}</ref>
}}


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
{{US Census population
|1910= 2829
| 1910 = 2829
|1920= 3989
| 1920 = 3989
|1930= 8834
| 1930 = 8834
|1940= 8263
| 1940 = 8263
|1950= 14044
| 1950 = 14044
|1960= 18735
| 1960 = 18735
|1970= 19096
| 1970 = 19096
|1980= 22187
| 1980 = 22187
|1990= 21700
| 1990 = 21700
|2000= 22336
| 2000 = 22336
|2010= 22194
| 2010 = 22194
| 2020 = 20187
|estyear=2019
| estyear = 2023
|estimate=20143
| estimate = 19420
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}

===2020 census===

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Plainview racial composition'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4857980&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><br /> (''NH = Non-Hispanic''){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>https://www.census.gov/ {{nonspecific|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|5,579
|27.64%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|934
|4.63%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|71
|0.35%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|115
|0.57%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|25
|0.12%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|40
|0.2%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/multiracial]] (NH)
|377
|1.87%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|13,046
|64.63%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''20,187'''
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], 20,187 people, 6,843 households, and 4,668 families resided in the city.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2000, 22,336 people, 7,626 households, and 5,666 families resided in the city. The [[population density]] was {{Convert|1621.0|PD/sqmi}}. The 8,471 housing units averaged {{Convert|614.8|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}. The [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] in the city was 63.21% White, 5.87% African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 26.59% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 49.83% of the population.
As of the [[census]] of 2000, 22,336 people, 7,626 households, and 5,666 families resided in the city. The [[population density]] was {{Convert|1621.0|PD/sqmi}}. The 8,471 housing units averaged {{Convert|614.8|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}. The [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] in the city was 63.21% White, 5.87% African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 26.59% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 49.83% of the population.


Of the 7,626 households, 40.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were not families. About 22.7% of all households were composed of single individuals, and 11.2% were households of persons 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 2.82, and the average family size was four.
Of the 7,626 households, 40.1% had children under 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were not families. About 22.7% of all households were composed of single individuals, and 11.2% were households of persons 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 2.82, and the average family size was four.


In the city, the population was distributed as 31.0% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.
In the city, the age distribution was 31.0% under 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.


The median income per household was $31,551, and per family was $35,215. Males had a median income of $26,434 versus $19,888 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,791. About 15.0% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.1% of those under age 18, and 14.8% of those aged 65 or over.
The median income per household was $31,551, and per family was $35,215. Males had a median income of $26,434 versus $19,888 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,791. About 15.0% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.1% of those under 18, and 14.8% of those 65 or over.


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
Line 109: Line 322:
The city is served by the [[Plainview Independent School District]], which enrolled 5,585 students {{As of|2018|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.plainviewisd.org/site/default.aspx?DomainID=851|title=District Overview / District Overview|website=www.plainviewisd.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The district attracts transfer students from surrounding school districts. Due to the PISD's size compared to surrounding districts, many of the district's schools provide extensive support for disabled students and students with special needs not available at other schools outside the district, in addition to more specialized courses. The mascot for the [[Plainview High School (Texas)|Plainview High School]] is a grey [[English Bulldog]] nicknamed "Big Red".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kcbd.com/story/7143337/plainview-bulldogs|title=Plainview Bulldogs|date=2007-09-28|website=kcbd.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>
The city is served by the [[Plainview Independent School District]], which enrolled 5,585 students {{As of|2018|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.plainviewisd.org/site/default.aspx?DomainID=851|title=District Overview / District Overview|website=www.plainviewisd.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The district attracts transfer students from surrounding school districts. Due to the PISD's size compared to surrounding districts, many of the district's schools provide extensive support for disabled students and students with special needs not available at other schools outside the district, in addition to more specialized courses. The mascot for the [[Plainview High School (Texas)|Plainview High School]] is a grey [[English Bulldog]] nicknamed "Big Red".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kcbd.com/story/7143337/plainview-bulldogs|title=Plainview Bulldogs|date=2007-09-28|website=kcbd.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>


[[Wayland Baptist University]], a private, four-year, [[coeducational]], Baptist university, is based in the city. In 1908, when the school was founded, the campus was more than a mile from the city limit. The Museum of the Llano Estacado, which opened in 1976, is located on the university grounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hep10|title=PLAINVIEW, TX|last=Davis|first=Charles G.|date=2010-06-15|website=tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The museum is home to a permanent exhibit featuring artifacts from the [[Plainview Site]], and fossilized remains of a [[Columbian mammoth]] known as the "Imperial Mammoth".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plainviewtx.org/gallery.aspx?PID=5|title=Imperial Mammoth|website=Plainview, TX|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>
[[Wayland Baptist University]], a private, four-year, [[coeducational]], Baptist university, is based in the city. In 1908, when the school was founded, the campus was more than a mile from the city limit. The Museum of the Llano Estacado, now the Mabee Regional Heritage Center, opened in 1976, is located on the university grounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hep10|title=PLAINVIEW, TX|last=Davis|first=Charles G.|date=2010-06-15|website=tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The museum is home to a permanent exhibit featuring artifacts from the [[Plainview Site]], and fossilized remains of a [[Columbian mammoth]] known as the "Imperial Mammoth".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plainviewtx.org/gallery.aspx?PID=5|title=Imperial Mammoth|website=Plainview, TX|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The Mabee Regional Heritage Center includes the Jimmy Dean, Llano of the Estacado and Flying Queens museums.


An extension of [[South Plains College]] serves the residents of the city.
An extension of [[South Plains College]] serves the residents of the city.
Line 119: Line 332:
Eight radio stations broadcast from the city, including [[KVOP]], among the oldest in the region. KVOP's call sign originally meant "Voice of Plainview".{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
Eight radio stations broadcast from the city, including [[KVOP]], among the oldest in the region. KVOP's call sign originally meant "Voice of Plainview".{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}


The city is within the Lubbock television market. Due to the terrain, television stations based in Amarillo can be received over-the-air, either directly or via repeaters north of the city. Prior to 1993, virtually all stations broadcast from Lubbock and Amarillo markets were retransmitted by the local cable operator. After changes were made to must-carry rules by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] only stations from Lubbock are available to cable and [[Digital Satellite Service|digital satellite]] customers in the city.
The city is within the Lubbock television market. Due to the terrain, television stations based in Amarillo can be received over-the-air, either directly or via repeaters north of the city. Prior to 1993, virtually all stations broadcast from Lubbock and Amarillo markets were retransmitted by the local cable operator. After changes were made to must-carry rules by the [[Federal Communications Commission]], only stations from Lubbock are available to cable and [[Digital Satellite Service|digital satellite]] customers in the city.


The [[Steve Martin]] film ''[[Leap of Faith (film)|Leap of Faith]]'' (1992) was filmed in and around Plainview. Several residents were hired as extras for the film. Until 2016, a water tower east of downtown bore the name and mascot of the fictional town on which the movie was set: ''Rustwater Bengals''.
The [[Steve Martin]] film ''[[Leap of Faith (film)|Leap of Faith]]'' (1992) was filmed in and around Plainview. Several residents were hired as extras for the film. Until 2016, a water tower east of downtown bore the name and mascot of the fictional town on which the movie was set: ''Rustwater Bengals''.


An episode of ''[[Vice (TV series)|Vice]]'' portrayed the city as a ghost town in a documentary feature called "[[List of Vice episodes#Season 2 (2014)|Deliver Us from Drought]]", despite 22,000 residents still living in the city at the time of filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/2-new-documentaries-cite-Plainview-s-plight-8392045.php|title=2 new documentaries cite Plainview's plight|last=Marquez|first=Homer|date=2014-05-21|website=Plainview Daily Herald|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The documentary featured numerous locations, many of which had been closed or abandoned for years prior, as examples of recent rural flight following a drought. The documentary followed the template of a similar short, "Dry and Drier in West Texas", which was broadcast on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestorygroup.org/texas/|title=Dry and Drier in West Texas – The Story Group|date=22 February 2015|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> Both documentaries portrayed residents of the city as excessively religious.
An episode of ''[[Vice (TV series)|Vice]]'' portrayed the city as a ghost town in a documentary feature called "[[List of Vice episodes#Season 2 (2014)|Deliver Us from Drought]]", despite 22,000 residents still living in the city at the time of filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/2-new-documentaries-cite-Plainview-s-plight-8392045.php|title=2 new documentaries cite Plainview's plight|last=Marquez|first=Homer|date=2014-05-21|website=Plainview Daily Herald|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The documentary featured numerous locations, many of which had been closed or abandoned for years prior, as examples of recent rural flight following a drought. The documentary followed the template of a similar short, "Dry and Drier in West Texas", which was broadcast on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestorygroup.org/texas/|title=Dry and Drier in West Texas – The Story Group|date=22 February 2015|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> Both documentaries portrayed residents of the city as excessively religious.

==Transportation==
Plainview is at the intersection of [[Interstate 27|Interstate Highway 27]], U.S. highways [[U.S. Route 87|87]] and [[U.S. Route 70|70]], and [[Texas State Highway 194|State Highway 194]].<ref name="Plainview History"/>


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==
Line 133: Line 349:
* [[Leonard Garcia]], retired professional [[mixed martial artist]].
* [[Leonard Garcia]], retired professional [[mixed martial artist]].
* [[Todrick Hall]], [[List of YouTube personalities|YouTube]] personality, singer, and Broadway actor
* [[Todrick Hall]], [[List of YouTube personalities|YouTube]] personality, singer, and Broadway actor
* [[Harry Igo]], president of Plainsman Fertilizer Company, a division of [[W.R. Grace and Company]]. On July 26, 1945, Army Air Force Captain Igo and his crew transported parts of the [[Little Boy]] atomic bomb in a [[Douglas C-54 Skymaster]] cargo plane from [[Kirtland Air Force Base]] ([[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]) to [[Hamilton Army Airfield]], California. Igo and his crew did not know the contents of their cargo until the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] revealed it years later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ttusw/00248/tsw-00248.html|title=Harry Igo: An Inventory of His Papers, 1934-1994 and undated, at the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library|accessdate=March 5, 2015|publisher=Texas Archival Resources Online}}</ref>
* [[Don January]], professional golfer
* [[Don January]], professional golfer
* [[Jim Landtroop]], former member of [[Texas House of Representatives]]
* [[Jim Landtroop]], former member of [[Texas House of Representatives]]
Line 141: Line 358:
* [[Ray Poage]], former player for the [[Minnesota Vikings]]
* [[Ray Poage]], former player for the [[Minnesota Vikings]]
* [[Lavern Roach]], professional boxer
* [[Lavern Roach]], professional boxer
* Mariel Salcedo, online video personality, podcast host, actress, and Producer for [[Rooster Teeth Productions]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6461427/|title=Mariel Salcedo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://roosterteeth.fandom.com/wiki/Mariel_Salcedo|title=Mariel Salcedo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spectrumsouth.com/rooster-teeth-mariel-salcedo/|title = Your Friendly Neighborhood Queer: Rooster Teeth's Mariel Salcedo|date = 29 September 2017}}</ref>
* Mariel Salcedo, online video personality, podcast host, actress, and producer for [[Rooster Teeth Productions]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6461427/|title=Mariel Salcedo|website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://roosterteeth.fandom.com/wiki/Mariel_Salcedo|title=Mariel Salcedo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spectrumsouth.com/rooster-teeth-mariel-salcedo/|title = Your Friendly Neighborhood Queer: Rooster Teeth's Mariel Salcedo|date = 29 September 2017}}</ref>
* [[Julius Waring Walker, Jr.]], former [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Burkina Faso|U.S. Ambassador to Burkina Faso]]
* [[Julius Waring Walker, Jr.]], former [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Burkina Faso|U.S. ambassador to Burkina Faso]]
* [[Jamar Wall]], player with [[Calgary Stampeders]] ([[Canadian Football League|CFL]])
* [[Jamar Wall]], player with [[Calgary Stampeders]] ([[Canadian Football League|CFL]])
* [[James Henry Wayland]], physician, founder of [[Wayland Baptist University]]
* [[James Henry Wayland]], physician, founder of Wayland Baptist University


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{notelist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 162: Line 380:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Plainview, Texas}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Plainview, Texas}}
[[Category:Plainview, Texas|*]]
[[Category:Cities in Hale County, Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Hale County, Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Texas]]

Latest revision as of 20:54, 7 June 2024

Plainview, Texas
City
Location of Plainview, Texas
Plainview is located in Texas
Plainview
Plainview
Plainview is located in the United States
Plainview
Plainview
Coordinates: 34°11′28″N 101°43′8″W / 34.19111°N 101.71889°W / 34.19111; -101.71889
CountryUnited StatesUnited States
StateTexasTexas
CountyHale
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • Mayor/City CouncilMayor, Dr. Charles Starnes Council Member, Dist 1 Mary Elizabeth Dickerson, Council Member, Dist 2 Steve Martinez, Council Member, Dist 3 Mike McDonough, Council Member, Dist 4 Gary House, Mayor Pro Tem, Dist 5 Susan Blackerby, Council Member, Dist 6 Evan Weiss, Council Member, Dist 7 Lorie Rodriguez
 • City ManagerJeffrey Snyder
Area
[1]
 • Total
13.89 sq mi (35.99 km2)
 • Land13.89 sq mi (35.99 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
3,366 ft (1,026 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
20,187
 • Estimate 
(2023)
19,420
 • Density1,453.35/sq mi (560.91/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
79072-79073
Area code806
FIPS code48-57980[2]
GNIS feature ID1365375[3]
Websiteplainviewtx.org

Plainview is a city in and the county seat of Hale County, Texas, United States.[4] As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,187.

History

[edit]

Plainview began when Z. T. Maxwell and Edwin Lowden Lowe established a post office in March 18, 1887. The town received its name due to the vast treeless plain surrounding it. On July 3, 1888, the town received a charter, and it became the county seat in August the same year, when Hale County was organized.[5]

In 1906, the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway reached Plainview, initiating an agricultural boom in the region. The city incorporated in 1907, and by 1910, it had almost 3,000 residents, earning the nickname "Athens of West Texas." Central Plains College and Conservatory of Music, later renamed Seth Ward College, was founded in 1907, and Wayland Baptist College (now Wayland Baptist University) was established in 1909.[5]

In 1969, country singer Jimmy Dean opened the Jimmy Dean Meat Company, and in 1971, Missouri Beef Packers established a large beef-processing plant.[5]

Geography

[edit]

Plainview is located at 34°11′28″N 101°43′8″W / 34.19111°N 101.71889°W / 34.19111; -101.71889 (34.191204, –101.718806) on the Llano Estacado.[6]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.8 square miles (36 km2), all land.

Climate

[edit]

According to the Köppen climate classification, Plainview has a semiarid climate, BSk on climate maps.[7]

Climate data for Plainview, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1908–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29) 		89
(32) 		93
(34) 		102
(39) 		108
(42) 		112
(44) 		110
(43) 		107
(42) 		102
(39) 		99
(37) 		90
(32) 		82
(28) 		112
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 73.4
(23.0) 		77.6
(25.3) 		85.0
(29.4) 		90.3
(32.4) 		97.4
(36.3) 		101.9
(38.8) 		100.7
(38.2) 		99.2
(37.3) 		96.0
(35.6) 		90.4
(32.4) 		80.7
(27.1) 		73.0
(22.8) 		104.4
(40.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 52.3
(11.3) 		56.7
(13.7) 		65.1
(18.4) 		73.4
(23.0) 		81.8
(27.7) 		90.2
(32.3) 		92.4
(33.6) 		91.0
(32.8) 		83.8
(28.8) 		74.0
(23.3) 		61.8
(16.6) 		52.8
(11.6) 		72.9
(22.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 39.2
(4.0) 		42.8
(6.0) 		50.7
(10.4) 		58.7
(14.8) 		68.3
(20.2) 		77.1
(25.1) 		80.1
(26.7) 		78.7
(25.9) 		71.3
(21.8) 		60.3
(15.7) 		48.5
(9.2) 		40.2
(4.6) 		59.7
(15.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 26.1
(−3.3) 		28.9
(−1.7) 		36.3
(2.4) 		43.9
(6.6) 		54.7
(12.6) 		64.1
(17.8) 		67.9
(19.9) 		66.3
(19.1) 		58.8
(14.9) 		46.7
(8.2) 		35.1
(1.7) 		27.6
(−2.4) 		46.4
(8.0)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 12.0
(−11.1) 		14.8
(−9.6) 		20.0
(−6.7) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		40.7
(4.8) 		54.5
(12.5) 		61.3
(16.3) 		59.6
(15.3) 		46.4
(8.0) 		31.3
(−0.4) 		19.8
(−6.8) 		12.7
(−10.7) 		7.2
(−13.8)
Record low °F (°C) −7
(−22) 		−8
(−22) 		−2
(−19) 		15
(−9) 		24
(−4) 		39
(4) 		50
(10) 		45
(7) 		33
(1) 		17
(−8) 		3
(−16) 		−5
(−21) 		−8
(−22)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.68
(17) 		0.60
(15) 		1.25
(32) 		1.52
(39) 		2.86
(73) 		2.74
(70) 		2.38
(60) 		2.12
(54) 		1.99
(51) 		1.63
(41) 		0.83
(21) 		0.73
(19) 		19.33
(491)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 2.1
(5.3) 		1.5
(3.8) 		0.8
(2.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		1.2
(3.0) 		2.4
(6.1) 		8.2
(21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 3.3 3.7 4.5 4.7 7.1 7.5 5.9 6.7 6.1 5.3 3.6 3.7 62.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.3 5.4
Source: NOAA[8][9]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19102,829—
19203,98941.0%
19308,834121.5%
19408,263−6.5%
195014,04470.0%
196018,73533.4%
197019,0961.9%
198022,18716.2%
199021,700−2.2%
200022,3362.9%
201022,194−0.6%
202020,187−9.0%
2023 (est.)19,420−3.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]

2020 census

[edit]
Plainview racial composition[11]
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[a]
Race Number Percentage
White (NH) 5,579 27.64%
Black or African American (NH) 934 4.63%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 71 0.35%
Asian (NH) 115 0.57%
Pacific Islander (NH) 25 0.12%
Some Other Race (NH) 40 0.2%
Mixed/multiracial (NH) 377 1.87%
Hispanic or Latino 13,046 64.63%
Total 20,187

As of the 2020 United States census, 20,187 people, 6,843 households, and 4,668 families resided in the city.

2000 census

[edit]

As of the census of 2000, 22,336 people, 7,626 households, and 5,666 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,621.0 inhabitants per square mile (625.9/km2). The 8,471 housing units averaged 614.8/sq mi (237.4/km2). The racial makeup in the city was 63.21% White, 5.87% African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 26.59% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 49.83% of the population.

Of the 7,626 households, 40.1% had children under 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were not families. About 22.7% of all households were composed of single individuals, and 11.2% were households of persons 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 2.82, and the average family size was four.

In the city, the age distribution was 31.0% under 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income per household was $31,551, and per family was $35,215. Males had a median income of $26,434 versus $19,888 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,791. About 15.0% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under 18, and 14.8% of those 65 or over.

Economy

[edit]

In 2009, the Texas Department of State Health Services ordered the recall of all products produced by a processing facility near Plainview owned by Peanut Corporation of America. Rodents, excrement, and feathers in the plant had been found in the facility's products. The closure was not related to closures of PCA plants due to Salmonella concerns.[14]

A Cargill beef processing plant, then the largest employer in the city, closed in 2013 due to lack of incoming animals, a result of the 2010–2012 drought. The closure created challenges for the city, as an estimated 2,300 employees and their families relocated.[15]

Government

[edit]

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice Region V office is located in Plainview.[16] The current Region V headquarters opened in 1996 in a former Bank of America building.[17]

Education

[edit]

The city is served by the Plainview Independent School District, which enrolled 5,585 students as of 2018.[18] The district attracts transfer students from surrounding school districts. Due to the PISD's size compared to surrounding districts, many of the district's schools provide extensive support for disabled students and students with special needs not available at other schools outside the district, in addition to more specialized courses. The mascot for the Plainview High School is a grey English Bulldog nicknamed "Big Red".[19]

Wayland Baptist University, a private, four-year, coeducational, Baptist university, is based in the city. In 1908, when the school was founded, the campus was more than a mile from the city limit. The Museum of the Llano Estacado, now the Mabee Regional Heritage Center, opened in 1976, is located on the university grounds.[20] The museum is home to a permanent exhibit featuring artifacts from the Plainview Site, and fossilized remains of a Columbian mammoth known as the "Imperial Mammoth".[21] The Mabee Regional Heritage Center includes the Jimmy Dean, Llano of the Estacado and Flying Queens museums.

An extension of South Plains College serves the residents of the city.

Media

[edit]
Further information: List of newspapers in Texas, List of radio stations in Texas, and List of television stations in Texas

The Plainview Herald, formerly the Plainview Daily Herald, is the city's only remaining newspaper. It was acquired from local owners by Hearst Communications in 1979. It is among the oldest newspapers in Texas still in publication, and became fully computer paginated in 1994, the same year it began publishing an online edition. Customers in the city are also served by the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, which often reports on news from Plainview.

Eight radio stations broadcast from the city, including KVOP, among the oldest in the region. KVOP's call sign originally meant "Voice of Plainview".[citation needed]

The city is within the Lubbock television market. Due to the terrain, television stations based in Amarillo can be received over-the-air, either directly or via repeaters north of the city. Prior to 1993, virtually all stations broadcast from Lubbock and Amarillo markets were retransmitted by the local cable operator. After changes were made to must-carry rules by the Federal Communications Commission, only stations from Lubbock are available to cable and digital satellite customers in the city.

The Steve Martin film Leap of Faith (1992) was filmed in and around Plainview. Several residents were hired as extras for the film. Until 2016, a water tower east of downtown bore the name and mascot of the fictional town on which the movie was set: Rustwater Bengals.

An episode of Vice portrayed the city as a ghost town in a documentary feature called "Deliver Us from Drought", despite 22,000 residents still living in the city at the time of filming.[22] The documentary featured numerous locations, many of which had been closed or abandoned for years prior, as examples of recent rural flight following a drought. The documentary followed the template of a similar short, "Dry and Drier in West Texas", which was broadcast on Showtime.[23] Both documentaries portrayed residents of the city as excessively religious.

Transportation

[edit]

Plainview is at the intersection of Interstate Highway 27, U.S. highways 87 and 70, and State Highway 194.[5]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  2. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  3. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  4. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d Davis, Charles G. "Plainview, TX (Hale County)". Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  6. ^ Geography, US Census Bureau (February 12, 2011). "U.S. Gazetteer: 2010, 2000, and 1990". www.census.gov. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  7. ^ "Plainview, Texas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  8. ^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  9. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  10. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  11. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  12. ^ https://www.census.gov/ [not specific enough to verify]
  13. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  14. ^ "Dead rodents, excrement in peanut processor lead to recall - CNN.com". www.cnn.com. February 12, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  15. ^ Fernandez, Manny (February 27, 2013). "Drought Takes Its Toll on a Texas Business and a Town". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  16. ^ "Region V Director's Office Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on January 2, 2010.
  17. ^ "REGION FIVE PRISON HEADQUARTERS OPENS." Plainview Daily Herald. July 18, 1996. Retrieved on May 6, 2010. "The new headquarters' home is the former Bank of America building which was owned by the..."
  18. ^ "District Overview / District Overview". www.plainviewisd.org. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  19. ^ "Plainview Bulldogs". kcbd.com. September 28, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  20. ^ Davis, Charles G. (June 15, 2010). "PLAINVIEW, TX". tshaonline.org. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  21. ^ "Imperial Mammoth". Plainview, TX. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  22. ^ Marquez, Homer (May 21, 2014). "2 new documentaries cite Plainview's plight". Plainview Daily Herald. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  23. ^ "Dry and Drier in West Texas – The Story Group". February 22, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  24. ^ "Harry Igo: An Inventory of His Papers, 1934-1994 and undated, at the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library". Texas Archival Resources Online. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  25. ^ "Mariel Salcedo". IMDb.
  26. ^ "Mariel Salcedo".
  27. ^ "Your Friendly Neighborhood Queer: Rooster Teeth's Mariel Salcedo". September 29, 2017.
  1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[12][13]
[edit]
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