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{{Short description|Australian physician, author and anti-nuclear advocate (born 1938)}}
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{{POV-check|date=September 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
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{{Use Australian English|date=February 2012}}
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{{POV|date=September 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2012}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2012}}
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{{Use Australian English|date=February 2012}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Helen Caldicott
| name = Helen Caldicott
| image = Helen Caldicott, 2007 (cropped).jpg
| image = Helen Caldicott, 2007 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Caldicott in 2007
| caption = Caldicott in 2007
| birth_name = Helen Mary Caldicott
| birth_name = Helen Mary Caldicott
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| death_place =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Physician]], [[activist]]
| occupation = [[Physician]], [[activist]]
| salary =
| networth =
| spouse = William Caldicott
| spouse = William Caldicott
| children = Philip, Penny, William Jr
| children = Philip, Penny, William Jr
| website = [http://www.helencaldicott.com/ Helen Caldicott's official website]
| website = http://www.helencaldicott.com/ – Helen Caldicott's official website
}}{{Scholia}}
}}{{Scholia}}


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==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Helen Caldicott was born on 7 August 1938, in [[Melbourne]], Australia, the daughter of factory manager Philip Broinowski and Mary Mona Enyd (Coffey) Broinowski, an interior designer. She attended public school, except for four years at [[Fintona Girls' School]] at [[Balwyn, Victoria|Balwyn]], a private secondary school. When she was 17, she enrolled at the [[University of Adelaide]] medical school and graduated in 1961 with a [[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery|MB, BS]] degree (the equivalent of an American [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]]). In 1962, she married William Caldicott, a paediatric [[radiologist]] who has since worked with her in her campaigns. They have three children, Philip, Penny, and William Jr.<ref name="faqs.org">{{Cite news |url=http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/59/Helen-Caldicott.html |title=Helen Caldicott Biography (1938-)}}</ref>{{dubious|date=February 2021}}
Helen Caldicott was born on 7 August 1938, in [[Melbourne]], Australia, the daughter of factory manager [Theo] Philip Broinowski and Mary Mona Enyd (Coffey) Broinowski, an interior designer. She attended public school, except for four years at [[Fintona Girls' School]] at [[Balwyn, Victoria|Balwyn]], a private secondary school. When she was 17, she enrolled at the [[University of Adelaide]] medical school and graduated in 1961 with a [[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] degree. In 1962, she married William Caldicott, a paediatric [[radiologist]] who has since worked with her in her campaigns. They have three children, Philip, Penny, and William Jr.<ref name="faqs.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/59/Helen-Caldicott.html|title=Helen Caldicott Biography (1938-)|website=www.faqs.org}}</ref>{{dubious|date=February 2021}}


Caldicott and her husband moved to [[Boston]], Massachusetts, in 1966 and she entered a three-year fellowship in nutrition at [[Harvard Medical School]]. Returning to Adelaide in 1969, she accepted a position in the renal unit of Queen Elizabeth Hospital. In the early 1970s, she completed a year's residency and a two-year internship in paediatrics at the Adelaide Childrens Hospital to qualify as a paediatric physician so she could legitimately establish the first Australian clinic for [[cystic fibrosis]] at the Adelaide Childrens Hospital. The clinic now has the best survival rates in Australia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} In 1977, she joined the staff of the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston as an instructor in pediatrics. She taught [[Pediatrics|paediatrics]] at the Harvard Medical School from 1977 to 1980.<ref name="faqs.org">{{Cite news |url=http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/59/Helen-Caldicott.html |title=Helen Caldicott Biography (1938-)}}</ref>
Caldicott and her husband moved to [[Boston]], Massachusetts, in 1966 and she entered a three-year fellowship in nutrition at [[Harvard Medical School]]. Returning to Adelaide in 1969, she accepted a position in the renal unit of Queen Elizabeth Hospital. In the early 1970s, she completed a year's residency and a two-year internship in paediatrics at the Adelaide Childrens Hospital to qualify as a paediatric physician so she could legitimately establish the first Australian clinic for [[cystic fibrosis]] at the Adelaide Childrens Hospital. The clinic now has the best survival rates in Australia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} In 1977, she joined the staff of the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston as an instructor in pediatrics. She taught [[Pediatrics|paediatrics]] at the Harvard Medical School from 1977 to 1980.<ref name="faqs.org"/>


==Anti-nuclear activism==
==Anti-nuclear activism==
===Early activity===
===Early activity===
[[File:Dr. Helen Caldicott at the San Francisco Public Library.webm|thumb|Caldicott at the San Francisco Public Library]]
[[File:Dr. Helen Caldicott at the San Francisco Public Library.webm|thumb|Caldicott at the San Francisco Public Library]]
Caldicott's interest in nuclear issues was sparked when she read the 1957 [[Nevil Shute]]’s book ''[[On the Beach (novel)|On the Beach]]'', a novel about a [[nuclear holocaust]] set in Australia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1608363/bio_piece_on_antinuclear_campaigner/|title = Pediatrician believes babies more susceptible to radiation|last = Dullea|first = Georgia|date = 2 June 1979|access-date = 20 January 2015|newspaper = The Index-Journal|location = Greenwood, South Carolina}}</ref>
Caldicott's interest in nuclear issues was sparked when she read the 1957 [[Nevil Shute]] book ''[[On the Beach (novel)|On the Beach]]'', a novel about a [[nuclear holocaust]] set in Australia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1608363/bio_piece_on_antinuclear_campaigner/|title = Pediatrician believes babies more susceptible to radiation|last = Dullea|first = Georgia|date = 2 June 1979|access-date = 20 January 2015|newspaper = The Index-Journal|location = Greenwood, South Carolina}}</ref>


In the 1970s, she gained prominence in Australia, New Zealand and North America, speaking on the health hazards of radiation from the perspective of paediatrics. Her early achievements included convincing Australia to sue France over [[France and weapons of mass destruction#Pacific experiments center .281966.E2.80.931996.29|its atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the Pacific]] in 1971 and 1972, which brought the practice to an end. She also informed Australian trade unions about the medical and military dangers of uranium mining, which led to the three-year banning of the mining and export of uranium.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.helencaldicott.com/about/cv/ |title=CV - Helen Caldicott, M.D. |access-date=4 August 2017 |publisher=Helen Caldicott}}</ref>
In the 1970s, she gained prominence in Australia, New Zealand and North America, speaking on the health hazards of radiation from the perspective of paediatrics. Her early achievements included convincing Australia to sue France over [[France and weapons of mass destruction#Pacific experiments center .281966.E2.80.931996.29|its atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the Pacific]] in 1971 and 1972, which brought the practice to an end. She also informed Australian trade unions about the medical and military dangers of uranium mining, which led to the three-year banning of the mining and export of uranium.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.helencaldicott.com/about/cv/ |title=CV – Helen Caldicott, M.D. |access-date=4 August 2017 |publisher=Helen Caldicott}}</ref>


After visiting the Soviet Union in 1979 with an AFSC delegation and upon learning the impending US deployment of cruise missiles (which would end arms control) and Pershing II missiles that could hit Moscow from Europe in 3 minutes,<ref>A Desperate Passion</ref> Caldicott left her medical career to concentrate on calling the world's attention to what she referred to as the "insanity" of the [[nuclear arms race]] and the growing reliance on [[nuclear power]]. In 1978 she reinvigorated [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]]. Over time she and others recruited 23,000 physicians to this orgnanisation which, through wide educational efforts, taught the US public about the dire medical implications of both nuclear power and nuclear war. In 1985 this national organisation and many others, she founded around the world were awarded the 1985 [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. She herself was nominated for the Nobel Prize by Linus Pauling, himself a Nobel winner. (ref A Desperate Passion, WW Norton, 1996)1.
After visiting the Soviet Union in 1979 with an AFSC delegation and upon learning the impending US deployment of cruise missiles (which would end arms control) and Pershing II missiles that could hit Moscow from Europe in 3 minutes,<ref name="auto">A Desperate Passion</ref> Caldicott left her medical career to concentrate on calling the world's attention to what she referred to as the "insanity" of the [[nuclear arms race]] and the growing reliance on [[nuclear power]]. In 1978 she reinvigorated [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]]. Over time she and others recruited 23,000 physicians to this organisation which, through wide educational efforts, taught the US public about the dire medical implications of both nuclear power and nuclear war. In 1985 this national organisation and many others, she founded around the world were awarded the 1985 [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. She was herself nominated for the Nobel Prize by Linus Pauling, himself a Nobel winner.<ref name="auto"/>


In 1980, she founded the Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND) in the United States, which was later renamed [[Women's Action for New Directions]]. It is a group dedicated to reducing or redirecting government spending away from nuclear energy and nuclear weapons towards what the group perceives as unmet social issues.<ref name=History>{{cite web | url=http://www.wand.org/about/brief-history-of-wand/a-brief-history-by-sayre-sheldon/ | title=A Brief History of WAND | publisher=WAND Education Fund | author=Sheldon, Sayre | date=October 2004 | access-date=26 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727034229/http://www.wand.org/about/brief-history-of-wand/a-brief-history-by-sayre-sheldon/ | archive-date=27 July 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
In 1980, she founded the Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND) in the United States, which was later renamed [[Women's Action for New Directions]]. It is a group dedicated to reducing or redirecting government spending away from nuclear energy and nuclear weapons towards what the group perceives as unmet social issues.<ref name=History>{{cite web | url=http://www.wand.org/about/brief-history-of-wand/a-brief-history-by-sayre-sheldon/ | title=A Brief History of WAND | publisher=WAND Education Fund | author=Sheldon, Sayre | date=October 2004 | access-date=26 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727034229/http://www.wand.org/about/brief-history-of-wand/a-brief-history-by-sayre-sheldon/ | archive-date=27 July 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>


Caldicott stood as an independent candidate for the Australian House of Representatives at the [[Australian federal election, 1990|1990 federal election]], contesting the [[Division of Richmond]], against the Leader of the [[National Party of Australia|National Party]], [[Charles Blunt]]. She polled 23.3% of the votes; not enough to win, but her preferences went mostly to the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] candidate, [[Neville Newell]], electing him and unseating Blunt.
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In 2008 Caldicott founded the Helen Caldicott Foundation for a Nuclear Free Future which, for over four years, produced a weekly radio commentary, "If You Love This Planet".<ref name="affiliates">{{cite web|url=http://ifyoulovethisplanet.org/?page_id=254|title=If You Love This Planet weekly radio program archives|access-date=6 May 2009}}</ref>


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In 2002 Caldicott released ''The New Nuclear Danger'', a commentary on the George Bush [[Military-Industrial Complex]]. The book was reviewed by [[Ivan Eland]] of [[The Independent Institute]]. He wrote, "She makes many cogent criticisms about current and prior administrations’ nuclear policies and the excesses of the government-dominated military-industrial complex associated with nuclear weapons, but her often valid points are undermined by other far-fetched or alarmist arguments, sloppy research, and haphazard footnoting."<ref>{{cite web |title=Book Review |url=https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=58 |website=Independent Institute |access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref>
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In April 2011, Caldicott was involved in a public argument in ''[[The Guardian]]'' with British journalist [[George Monbiot]]. Monbiot expressed great concern at what he saw as a failure by Caldicott to provide adequate justification for any of her arguments. Regarding Caldicott's book ''Nuclear Power is Not The Answer'', he wrote: "The scarcity of references to scientific papers and the abundance of unsourced claims it contains amaze me."<ref>Monbiot G. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/georgemonbiot/2011/apr/13/anti-nuclear-lobby-interrogate-beliefs Nuclear opponents have a moral duty to get their facts straight]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 14 April 2011</ref><ref>Monbiot G.[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/05/anti-nuclear-lobby-misled-world The unpalatable truth is that the anti-nuclear lobby has misled us all]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 5 April 2011</ref> Caldicott replied: "As we have seen, he and other nuclear industry apologists sow confusion about radiation risks and, in my view, in much the same way that the tobacco industry did in previous decades about the risks of smoking." Predictably she offered no basis for that claim.<ref>Caldicott H. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/apr/11/nuclear-apologists-radiation How nuclear apologists mislead the world over radiation].''[[The Guardian]]'', 11 April 2011</ref>. Also in 2011, Caldicott made a written submission regarding the [[Darlington Nuclear Generating Station]] new build project in [[Canada]] in which she asserts that [[plutonium]] can cause cancer of the testicles after accumulation in these organs. <ref>https://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/48010/48010F.pdf Written Submission from Helen Caldicott, PMB 11-P1.108, Date 2011-02-17</ref>


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In 2008 Caldicott founded the Helen Caldicott Foundation for a Nuclear Free Future which, for over four years, produced a weekly radio commentary, "If You Love This Planet".<ref name="affiliates">{{cite web|url=http://ifyoulovethisplanet.org/?page_id=254|title=If You Love This Planet weekly radio program archives|access-date=6 May 2009}}</ref>
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In 2014, [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]] hosted a lecture on "Fukushima's Ongoing Impact" by Caldicott in Seattle, Washington.<ref>[http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/helen-caldicott-fukushimas.html Fukushima’s Ongoing Impact] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410172800/http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/helen-caldicott-fukushimas.html |date=10 April 2015 }}; Physicians for Social Responsibility; 28 September 2014</ref>


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In April 2011, Caldicott was involved in a public argument in ''[[The Guardian]]'' with British journalist [[George Monbiot]]. Monbiot expressed great concern at what he saw as a failure by Caldicott to provide adequate justification for any of her arguments. Regarding Caldicott's book ''Nuclear Power is Not The Answer'', he wrote: "The scarcity of references to scientific papers and the abundance of unsourced claims it contains amaze me."<ref>Monbiot G. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/georgemonbiot/2011/apr/13/anti-nuclear-lobby-interrogate-beliefs Nuclear opponents have a moral duty to get their facts straight]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 14 April 2011</ref><ref>Monbiot G.[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/05/anti-nuclear-lobby-misled-world The unpalatable truth is that the anti-nuclear lobby has misled us all]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 5 April 2011</ref> Caldicott claimed, "As we have seen, he and other nuclear industry apologists sow confusion about radiation risks and, in my view, in much the same way that the tobacco industry did in previous decades about the risks of smoking."<ref>Caldicott H. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/apr/11/nuclear-apologists-radiation How nuclear apologists mislead the world over radiation].''[[The Guardian]]'', 11 April 2011</ref> Also in 2011, Caldicott made a written submission regarding the [[Darlington Nuclear Generating Station]] new build project in [[Canada]] in which she asserts that [[plutonium]] can cause cancer of the testicles after accumulation in these organs.<ref>https://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/48010/48010F.pdf Written Submission from Helen Caldicott, PMB 11-P1.108, Date 2011-02-17</ref>
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In 2002 Caldicott released ''The New Nuclear Danger'', a commentary on the George Bush [[Military-Industrial Complex]]. The book was reviewed by [[Ivan Eland]] of [[The Independent Institute]]. He wrote, "She makes many cogent criticisms about current and prior administrations’ nuclear policies and the excesses of the government-dominated military-industrial complex associated with nuclear weapons, but her often valid points are undermined by other far-fetched or alarmist arguments, sloppy research, and haphazard footnoting."<ref>{{cite web |title=Book Review |url=https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=58 |website=Independent Institute |access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref>


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In 2014, [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]] hosted a lecture on "Fukushima's Ongoing Impact" by Caldicott in Seattle, Washington.<ref>[http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/helen-caldicott-fukushimas.html Fukushima’s Ongoing Impact] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410172800/http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/helen-caldicott-fukushimas.html |date=10 April 2015 }}; Physicians for Social Responsibility; 28 September 2014</ref>
Caldicott is critical of [[Donald Trump]]. She expressed the view that he never reads books and knows nothing about global or USA politics.<ref>Dan Drollette Jr (2018) A conversation with Helen Caldicott, Bulletin of the
Atomic Scientists, 74:3, 177-184, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2018.1461976</ref>


==Honors and awards==
==Honors and awards==
Caldicott has been awarded 21 honorary doctoral degrees. In 1982, she received the Humanist of the Year award from the [[American Humanist Association]].<ref name="The Standard">{{Cite news |url=https://thestandard.org.nz/remedy-for-global-instability-a-public-lecture-by-dr-helen-caldicott/ |title=Remedy for Global Instability – a Public Lecture by Dr Helen Caldicott |date=12 November 2016}}</ref> In 1992, Caldicott received the 1992 Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston for her leadership in the worldwide disarmament movement. She was inducted to the [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://herplacemuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2001-Honour-Roll-Booklet-2.pdf|title=Victorian Honour Roll of Women 2001}}</ref> in 2001. She was awarded the [[Lannan Foundation]] Prize for Cultural Freedom in 2003, and in 2006, the [[Peace Organisation of Australia]] presented her with the inaugural [[Australian Peace Prize]] "for her longstanding commitment to raising awareness about the medical and environmental hazards of the nuclear age". The [[Smithsonian Institution]] has named Caldicott as one of the most influential women of the 20th century.<ref>[http://www.capecodtoday.com/news/event/2012/03/28/anti-nuclear-activist-dr-helen-caldicott Anti-nuclear Activist Dr. Helen Caldicott to Appear]; Cape Cod Today; 28 March 2012 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> She is a member of the scientific committee of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110705022413/http://www.fundacionideas.es/en Fundacion IDEAS], a progressive [[think tank]] in Spain. She serves on the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace.<ref>[http://www.wagingpeace.org/about/people/advisory-council/ Advisory Council]; Nuclear Age Peace Foundation; 20 February 2014</ref> In 2009, she was designated a [[Women's History Month]] Honoree by the [[National Women's History Project]].<ref name="WHM">{{cite web | year=2010 | title=Honorees: 2010 National Women's History Month | work=Women's History Month | publisher=[[National Women's History Project]] | url=http://nwhp.org/whm/honorees.php | access-date=14 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828145122/http://www.nwhp.org/whm/honorees.php | archive-date=28 August 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
Caldicott has been awarded 21 honorary doctoral degrees{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}. In 1982, she received the Humanist of the Year award from the [[American Humanist Association]].<ref name="The Standard">{{Cite news |url=https://thestandard.org.nz/remedy-for-global-instability-a-public-lecture-by-dr-helen-caldicott/ |title=Remedy for Global Instability – a Public Lecture by Dr Helen Caldicott |date=12 November 2016}}</ref> In 1992, Caldicott received the 1992 Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston for her leadership in the worldwide disarmament movement. She was inducted to the [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://herplacemuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2001-Honour-Roll-Booklet-2.pdf|title=Victorian Honour Roll of Women 2001}}</ref> in 2001. She was awarded the [[Lannan Foundation]] Prize for Cultural Freedom in 2003, and in 2006, the [[Peace Organisation of Australia]] presented her with the inaugural [[Australian Peace Prize]] "for her longstanding commitment to raising awareness about the medical and environmental hazards of the nuclear age". The [[Smithsonian Institution]] has named Caldicott as one of the most influential women of the 20th century.<ref>[http://www.capecodtoday.com/news/event/2012/03/28/anti-nuclear-activist-dr-helen-caldicott Anti-nuclear Activist Dr. Helen Caldicott to Appear]; Cape Cod Today; 28 March 2012 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> She is a member of the scientific committee of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110705022413/http://www.fundacionideas.es/en Fundacion IDEAS], a progressive [[think tank]] in Spain. She serves on the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace.<ref>[http://www.wagingpeace.org/about/people/advisory-council/ Advisory Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801022538/https://www.wagingpeace.org/about/people/advisory-council/ |date=1 August 2018 }}; Nuclear Age Peace Foundation; 20 February 2014</ref> In 2009, she was designated a [[Women's History Month]] Honoree by the [[National Women's History Project]].<ref name="WHM">{{cite web | year=2010 | title=Honorees: 2010 National Women's History Month | work=Women's History Month | publisher=[[National Women's History Project]] | url=http://nwhp.org/whm/honorees.php | access-date=14 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828145122/http://www.nwhp.org/whm/honorees.php | archive-date=28 August 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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|1984
|1984
|[[William Morrow & Co]]
|[[William Morrow & Co]]
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|1992
|1992
|[[W. W. Norton & Company]]
|[[W. W. Norton & Company]]
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|1997
|1997
|[[International Action Center]]
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|The New Press
|The New Press
Scribe Publications (Australia)
Scribe Publications (Australia)
|{{ISBN|1565847407}}
|{{ISBN|1565847407|0908011652}}
{{ISBN|0908011652}}
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|The New Press
|The New Press
[[Melbourne University Press]]
[[Melbourne University Press]]
|{{ISBN|978-1-59558-067-2}}
|{{ISBN|978-1595580672}}
{{ISBN|0522 85251 3}}
|Author
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|2007
|2007
|[[The New Press]]
|[[The New Press]]
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|{{ISBN|978-1595581143}}
|Co-author with Craig Eisendrath
|Co-author with Craig Eisendrath
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|2009
|2009
|[[W.W. Norton & Company]]
|[[W.W. Norton & Company]]
|{{ISBN|978-0-393-33302-2}}
|{{ISBN|978-0393333022}}
|Author
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|2012
|2012
|[[The New Press]]
|[[The New Press]]
|{{ISBN|978-1-59558-067-2}}
|{{ISBN|978-1595580672}}
|Editor
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|2014
|2014
|[[The New Press]]
|[[The New Press]]
|{{ISBN|978-1-59558-960-6}}
|{{ISBN|978-1595589606}}
|Editor
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|-
|-
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|2017
|2017
|[[The New Press]]
|[[The New Press]]
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|{{ISBN|978-1620972465}}
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|Editor
|-
|-
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*[[Akhtar Naraghi]]
*[[Akhtar Naraghi]]
*[[Michio Kaku]]
*[[Michio Kaku]]
*[[Tilman Ruff]]
<!--*[[Tilman Ruff]]-->


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.helencaldicott.com/ www.helencaldicott.com] - Helen Caldicott's official website
*[http://www.helencaldicott.com/ www.helencaldicott.com] – Helen Caldicott's official website
*[http://www.ifyoulovethisplanet.org/ www.ifyoulovethisplanet.org] - Helen Caldicott's weekly radio program, "If You Love This Planet"
*[http://www.ifyoulovethisplanet.org/ www.ifyoulovethisplanet.org] Helen Caldicott's weekly radio program, "If You Love This Planet"
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225319/http://www.big-picture.tv/index.php?id=30&cat=&a=52%2F Watch a video clip of Helen Caldicott at Big Picture TV]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225319/http://www.big-picture.tv/index.php?id=30&cat=&a=52%2F Watch a video clip of Helen Caldicott at Big Picture TV]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123558/http://www.freespeech.org/videodb/index.php?action=detail&video_id=10315&browse=0 Video of Speech on Depleted Uranium from Freespeech.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123558/http://www.freespeech.org/videodb/index.php?action=detail&video_id=10315&browse=0 Video of Speech on Depleted Uranium from Freespeech.org]
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071019214546/http://heyokamagazine.com/HEYOKA.4.ENVIRO.HelenCaldicott.htm Heyoka Magazine Interview]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071019214546/http://heyokamagazine.com/HEYOKA.4.ENVIRO.HelenCaldicott.htm Heyoka Magazine Interview]
*[http://ccragg123.libsyn.com/interview-with-dr-helen-caldicott-on-japan-nuclear-safety-originally-recorded-after-an-incident-in-july-2007- KGNU Denver interview with Claudia Cragg in July 2007 about Japan's Nuclear Industry and Earthquakes]
*[http://ccragg123.libsyn.com/interview-with-dr-helen-caldicott-on-japan-nuclear-safety-originally-recorded-after-an-incident-in-july-2007- KGNU Denver interview with Claudia Cragg in July 2007 about Japan's Nuclear Industry and Earthquakes]
*{{C-SPAN|Helen Caldicott}} by Caldicott
*{{C-SPAN|22487}} by Caldicott
*[http://www.theage.com.au/comment/nuclear-power-no-answer-to-climate-change-20131007-2v3vu.html Nuclear power no answer to climate change]
*[http://www.theage.com.au/comment/nuclear-power-no-answer-to-climate-change-20131007-2v3vu.html Nuclear power no answer to climate change]
*[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/897 Helen Caldicott Papers] at the [[Sophia Smith Collection]], Smith College.
*[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/897 Helen Caldicott Papers] at the [[Sophia Smith Collection]], Smith College.

Latest revision as of 01:37, 8 June 2024

Helen Caldicott
Caldicott in 2007
Born
Helen Mary Caldicott

(1938-08-07) 7 August 1938 (age 86)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Occupation(s)Physician, activist
SpouseWilliam Caldicott
ChildrenPhilip, Penny, William Jr
Websitehttp://www.helencaldicott.com/ – Helen Caldicott's official website
Scholia has a profile for Helen Caldicott (Q431092).

Helen Mary Caldicott (born 7 August 1938) is an Australian physician, author, and anti-nuclear advocate. She founded several associations dedicated to opposing the use of nuclear power, depleted uranium munitions, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons proliferation, and military action in general.

Early life and education

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Helen Caldicott was born on 7 August 1938, in Melbourne, Australia, the daughter of factory manager [Theo] Philip Broinowski and Mary Mona Enyd (Coffey) Broinowski, an interior designer. She attended public school, except for four years at Fintona Girls' School at Balwyn, a private secondary school. When she was 17, she enrolled at the University of Adelaide medical school and graduated in 1961 with a MBBS degree. In 1962, she married William Caldicott, a paediatric radiologist who has since worked with her in her campaigns. They have three children, Philip, Penny, and William Jr.[1][dubious – discuss]

Caldicott and her husband moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1966 and she entered a three-year fellowship in nutrition at Harvard Medical School. Returning to Adelaide in 1969, she accepted a position in the renal unit of Queen Elizabeth Hospital. In the early 1970s, she completed a year's residency and a two-year internship in paediatrics at the Adelaide Childrens Hospital to qualify as a paediatric physician so she could legitimately establish the first Australian clinic for cystic fibrosis at the Adelaide Childrens Hospital. The clinic now has the best survival rates in Australia.[citation needed] In 1977, she joined the staff of the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston as an instructor in pediatrics. She taught paediatrics at the Harvard Medical School from 1977 to 1980.[1]

Anti-nuclear activism

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Early activity

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Caldicott at the San Francisco Public Library

Caldicott's interest in nuclear issues was sparked when she read the 1957 Nevil Shute book On the Beach, a novel about a nuclear holocaust set in Australia.[2]

In the 1970s, she gained prominence in Australia, New Zealand and North America, speaking on the health hazards of radiation from the perspective of paediatrics. Her early achievements included convincing Australia to sue France over its atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the Pacific in 1971 and 1972, which brought the practice to an end. She also informed Australian trade unions about the medical and military dangers of uranium mining, which led to the three-year banning of the mining and export of uranium.[3]

After visiting the Soviet Union in 1979 with an AFSC delegation and upon learning the impending US deployment of cruise missiles (which would end arms control) and Pershing II missiles that could hit Moscow from Europe in 3 minutes,[4] Caldicott left her medical career to concentrate on calling the world's attention to what she referred to as the "insanity" of the nuclear arms race and the growing reliance on nuclear power. In 1978 she reinvigorated Physicians for Social Responsibility. Over time she and others recruited 23,000 physicians to this organisation which, through wide educational efforts, taught the US public about the dire medical implications of both nuclear power and nuclear war. In 1985 this national organisation and many others, she founded around the world were awarded the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize. She was herself nominated for the Nobel Prize by Linus Pauling, himself a Nobel winner.[4]

In 1980, she founded the Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND) in the United States, which was later renamed Women's Action for New Directions. It is a group dedicated to reducing or redirecting government spending away from nuclear energy and nuclear weapons towards what the group perceives as unmet social issues.[5]

Caldicott stood as an independent candidate for the Australian House of Representatives at the 1990 federal election, contesting the Division of Richmond, against the Leader of the National Party, Charles Blunt. She polled 23.3% of the votes; not enough to win, but her preferences went mostly to the Labor candidate, Neville Newell, electing him and unseating Blunt.

In 2002 Caldicott released The New Nuclear Danger, a commentary on the George Bush Military-Industrial Complex. The book was reviewed by Ivan Eland of The Independent Institute. He wrote, "She makes many cogent criticisms about current and prior administrations’ nuclear policies and the excesses of the government-dominated military-industrial complex associated with nuclear weapons, but her often valid points are undermined by other far-fetched or alarmist arguments, sloppy research, and haphazard footnoting."[6]

In 2008 Caldicott founded the Helen Caldicott Foundation for a Nuclear Free Future which, for over four years, produced a weekly radio commentary, "If You Love This Planet".[7]

In April 2011, Caldicott was involved in a public argument in The Guardian with British journalist George Monbiot. Monbiot expressed great concern at what he saw as a failure by Caldicott to provide adequate justification for any of her arguments. Regarding Caldicott's book Nuclear Power is Not The Answer, he wrote: "The scarcity of references to scientific papers and the abundance of unsourced claims it contains amaze me."[8][9] Caldicott claimed, "As we have seen, he and other nuclear industry apologists sow confusion about radiation risks and, in my view, in much the same way that the tobacco industry did in previous decades about the risks of smoking."[10] Also in 2011, Caldicott made a written submission regarding the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station new build project in Canada in which she asserts that plutonium can cause cancer of the testicles after accumulation in these organs.[11]

In 2014, Physicians for Social Responsibility hosted a lecture on "Fukushima's Ongoing Impact" by Caldicott in Seattle, Washington.[12]

Honors and awards

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Caldicott has been awarded 21 honorary doctoral degrees[citation needed]. In 1982, she received the Humanist of the Year award from the American Humanist Association.[13] In 1992, Caldicott received the 1992 Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston for her leadership in the worldwide disarmament movement. She was inducted to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women[14] in 2001. She was awarded the Lannan Foundation Prize for Cultural Freedom in 2003, and in 2006, the Peace Organisation of Australia presented her with the inaugural Australian Peace Prize "for her longstanding commitment to raising awareness about the medical and environmental hazards of the nuclear age". The Smithsonian Institution has named Caldicott as one of the most influential women of the 20th century.[15] She is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundacion IDEAS, a progressive think tank in Spain. She serves on the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace.[16] In 2009, she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.[17]

Bibliography

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Books by Helen Caldicott[18]
Title Year of Publication Publisher(s) ISBN Role
Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do! 1978 (revised 1994) W.W. Norton & Company ISBN 0393310116 Author
Missile Envy: The Arms Race and Nuclear War 1984 William Morrow & Co ISBN 978-0688019549 Author
If You Love This Planet 1992 W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0393308358 Author
A Desperate Passion: An Autobiography 1996 W.W. Norton & Company ISBN 0393316807 Author
Metal of Dishonor: How Depleted Uranium Penetrates Steel, Radiates People and Contaminates the Environment 1997 International Action Center ISBN 0965691608 Author
The New Nuclear Danger: George W.Bush's Military-industrial Complex 2002 (revised 2004) The New Press

Scribe Publications (Australia)

ISBN 1565847407, 0908011652 Author
Nuclear Power is Not the Answer 2006 The New Press

Melbourne University Press

ISBN 978-1595580672 Author
War in Heaven: The Arms Race in Outer Space 2007 The New Press ISBN 978-1595581143 Co-author with Craig Eisendrath
Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free: A Roadmap for U.S. Energy Policy 2007 RDR Books ISBN 978-1571431738 Author of Afterword (author is Arjun Makhijani)
If You Love This Planet: A Plan to Save the Earth 2009 W.W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0393333022 Author
Loving This Planet 2012 The New Press ISBN 978-1595580672 Editor
Crisis Without End: The Medical and Ecological Consequences of the Fukushima Nuclear Catastrophe 2014 The New Press ISBN 978-1595589606 Editor
Sleepwalking to Armageddon 2017 The New Press ISBN 978-1620972465 Editor

Documentary films

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Caldicott has appeared in numerous documentary films and television programs. In the early 1980s, she was the subject of two documentaries: the Oscar-nominated 1981 feature-length film Eight Minutes to Midnight: A Portrait of Dr. Helen Caldicott and the 1982 Oscar-winning National Film Board of Canada short documentary, If You Love This Planet.[19]

A 2004 documentary film, Helen's War: Portrait of a Dissident,[20] provides a look into Caldicott's life through the eyes of her niece, filmmaker Anna Broinowski.

Caldicott is featured along with foreign affairs experts, space security activists and military officials in interviews in Denis Delestrac's 2010 feature documentary Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space.

The 2013 documentary Pandora's Promise also features footage of Caldicott, interspersed with counter-points to her assertions regarding the health impacts of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

Title Director Production Company Year
The World Awaits Don Haderlein 2015 (in production)
The Oracles of Pennsylvania Avenue Tim Wilkerson 2013
United Natures Peter Charles Downey United Natures Independent Media 2013
Pandora's Promise Robert Stone Robert Stone Productions, Vulcan Productions 2013
Democracy Now! (TV Series) Democracy Now 2011
The University of Nuclear Bombs Mohamed Elsawi, Joshua James 2010
Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space Denis Delestrac Coptor Productions Inc., Lowik Media 2009
Difference of Opinion (TV Series) Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2007
Poison Dust Sue Harris 2005
Fatal Fallout: The Bush Legacy Gary Null Gary Null Moving Pictures 2004
Helen's War: Portrait of a Dissident Anna Broinowski 2004
American Experience (TV documentary) WGBH 1998
In Our Hands Robert Richter, Stanley Warnow 1984
If You Love This Planet (short) Terri Nash National Film Board of Canada 1982
Eight Minutes to Midnight: A Portrait of Dr. Helen Caldicott Mary Benjamin 1981
We are the Guinea Pigs Joan Harvey 1980

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Helen Caldicott Biography (1938-)". www.faqs.org.
  2. ^ Dullea, Georgia (2 June 1979). "Pediatrician believes babies more susceptible to radiation". The Index-Journal. Greenwood, South Carolina. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  3. ^ "CV – Helen Caldicott, M.D." Helen Caldicott. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  4. ^ a b A Desperate Passion
  5. ^ Sheldon, Sayre (October 2004). "A Brief History of WAND". WAND Education Fund. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  6. ^ "Book Review". Independent Institute. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  7. ^ "If You Love This Planet weekly radio program archives". Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  8. ^ Monbiot G. Nuclear opponents have a moral duty to get their facts straight. The Guardian, 14 April 2011
  9. ^ Monbiot G.The unpalatable truth is that the anti-nuclear lobby has misled us all. The Guardian, 5 April 2011
  10. ^ Caldicott H. How nuclear apologists mislead the world over radiation.The Guardian, 11 April 2011
  11. ^ https://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/48010/48010F.pdf Written Submission from Helen Caldicott, PMB 11-P1.108, Date 2011-02-17
  12. ^ Fukushima’s Ongoing Impact Archived 10 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine; Physicians for Social Responsibility; 28 September 2014
  13. ^ "Remedy for Global Instability – a Public Lecture by Dr Helen Caldicott". 12 November 2016.
  14. ^ "Victorian Honour Roll of Women 2001" (PDF).
  15. ^ Anti-nuclear Activist Dr. Helen Caldicott to Appear; Cape Cod Today; 28 March 2012 [dead link‍]
  16. ^ Advisory Council Archived 1 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Nuclear Age Peace Foundation; 20 February 2014
  17. ^ "Honorees: 2010 National Women's History Month". Women's History Month. National Women's History Project. 2010. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  18. ^ "Books". Trove. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  19. ^ Nash, Terre (1982). "If You Love This Planet". NFB.ca. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
  20. ^ "CBC The Passionate Eye Sunday Showcase: Helen's War, Portrait of a Dissident". Archived from the original on 15 January 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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