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{{Short description|German bombing raids on Greenock, Scotland during WW2}} |
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{{Use British English|date=May 2017}} |
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[[File:German parachute mine.jpg|thumb|right|A defused German bomb in Glasgow, 2 months before the Greenock bombings.]] |
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The '''Greenock Blitz''' is the name given to two nights of intensive [[bombing]] of the town of [[Greenock]], [[Scotland]] during the [[Second World War]] when the [[Nazi German]] [[Luftwaffe]] attacked on 6–7 May 1941. |
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The '''Greenock Blitz''' is the name given to two nights of intensive [[Strategic bombing during World War II|bombing]] of the town of [[Greenock]], [[Scotland]] by the [[Nazi German]] ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' during the [[Second World War]]. The raids over the nights of the 6 and 7 May 1941 targeted the [[shipyard]]s and berthed ships around the town (similar to the [[Clydebank Blitz]] the previous March). The brunt of the bombing fell on residential areas. Over the two nights, 271 people were killed and over 10,200 injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inverclyde.gov.uk/community-life-and-leisure/heritage/family-history/war-dead-greenock-ww2|title=Inverclyde Council {{!}} War Dead: Greenock WW2|website=www.inverclyde.gov.uk|access-date=2018-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lostancestors.eu/memwar/G/Greenock02.htm|title=Civilian War Memorial - Greenock, Inverclyde, Scotland|publisher=Lost Ancestors|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> From a total of 180,000 homes nearly 25,000 suffered damage and 5,000 were destroyed.<ref name=who>{{cite web|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/world-war-ii/forgotten-blitz-scotland-left-thousands-dead.html|title=The Forgotten Blitz on Scotland That Left Hundreds Dead & Thousands Homeless|date=15 June 2016|first=Sarah|last=Copper|publisher=War History Online|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> |
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==6 May== |
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The raids [[Strategic bombing during World War II|targeted]] the many ships and [[shipyard]]s around the town but like the [[Clydebank Blitz]] the previous March the brunt of the bombing was taken by civilians. Over the two nights 2,143 people were killed and over 10,200 injured. From a total of 18,000 homes nearly 25,000 suffered damage and 5,000 were destroyed outright.{{Citation needed|reason=numbers need sourced|date=January 2014}} |
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| ⚫ | The attack began around midnight on 6 May when around 350 German bombers attacked the town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inverclyde.gov.uk/news/2016/may/greenock-blitz|title=Inverclyde Council {{!}} Greenock blitz|website=www.inverclyde.gov.uk|date=9 May 2016 |access-date=2018-02-27}}</ref> Bombs fell all over the town and surrounding area; serious damage being inflicted on East Crawford Street and Belville Street. Many civilians fled to the tunnels in the east end of the town, significantly reducing casualties the next night.<ref name=who/> |
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==7 May== |
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| ⚫ | An Air Ministry |
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| ⚫ | Air raid sirens at 12:15{{nbsp}}am on 7 May marked the beginning of a second night of bombing. Initially, [[incendiary bomb]]s were dropped around the perimeter of the town. The second wave attacked primarily the east end and centre of Greenock; the [[distillation|distillery]] in Ingleston Street had been set alight in the first wave, causing a huge fire which acted as a beacon for the rest of the bomber force. The final wave came around 2{{nbsp}}am; dropping [[high explosive|high-explosive]] bombs and [[Parachute mine|parachute land mine]]s which caused widespread destruction.<ref name=who/> |
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| ⚫ | At 3:30{{nbsp}}am the "All Clear" sounded, but a large area of the town was in flames. The sugar refineries, distillery and foundries were all extensively damaged, [[Greenock Municipal Buildings]] complex was partly destroyed, and several churches were left as burnt-out shells. However, damage to the shipyards was minimal.<ref name=who/> |
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==Decoy site== |
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| ⚫ | Air raid sirens at 12: |
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| ⚫ | An Air Ministry decoy [[starfish site]] behind [[Loch Thom]] prevented the number of casualties being even higher. The decoy was lit on the second night of the blitz. It consisted of a large number of mounds of combustible materials scattered over a wide area of the moorland to simulate a burning urban area. Scores of large bomb craters were found after an inspection of the decoy after the air raids.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Greenock|last=Leslie.|first=Dow, James|date=1975|publisher=Corporation of Greenock|isbn=9780904834000|location=Greenock|oclc=2074684}}</ref> |
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==George Medal== |
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| ⚫ | At 3: |
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Three local firemen were awarded the [[George Medal]].<ref name=who/> |
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The [[George Medal]] was awarded to three local firemen: Firemaster A.S. Pratten, Sub-Station Officer William Neill and Fireman James Berry who entered a burning building and at great personal risk managed to control a blaze which threatened to destroy a quantity of material essential to the war effort.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20061001140828/http://www.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk/AFS/WAFB.htm AFS WESTERN ZONE]</ref>{{Better source|reason=self published website with no editorial oversight|date=January 2014}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/le.houstons/gnkrev/ Greenock Revisited, by author Stewart Gemmill] |
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*[http://www.lostancestors.eu/memwar/G/Greenock02.htm Full list of casualties] |
*[http://www.lostancestors.eu/memwar/G/Greenock02.htm Full list of casualties] |
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*[http://inverclyde-tv.com/stories/4717-greenock-blitz Greenock Blitz] |
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{{The Blitz}} |
{{The Blitz}} |
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[[Category:1941 in Scotland]] |
[[Category:1941 in Scotland]] |
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[[Category:Airstrikes]] |
[[Category:Airstrikes conducted by Germany]] |
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[[Category:The Blitz]] |
[[Category:The Blitz]] |
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[[Category:Greenock]] |
[[Category:Military history of Greenock]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Scotland in World War II]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:45, 8 June 2024
The Greenock Blitz is the name given to two nights of intensive bombing of the town of Greenock, Scotland by the Nazi German Luftwaffe during the Second World War. The raids over the nights of the 6 and 7 May 1941 targeted the shipyards and berthed ships around the town (similar to the Clydebank Blitz the previous March). The brunt of the bombing fell on residential areas. Over the two nights, 271 people were killed and over 10,200 injured.[1][2] From a total of 180,000 homes nearly 25,000 suffered damage and 5,000 were destroyed.[3]
6 May
[edit]The attack began around midnight on 6 May when around 350 German bombers attacked the town.[4] Bombs fell all over the town and surrounding area; serious damage being inflicted on East Crawford Street and Belville Street. Many civilians fled to the tunnels in the east end of the town, significantly reducing casualties the next night.[3]
7 May
[edit]Air raid sirens at 12:15 am on 7 May marked the beginning of a second night of bombing. Initially, incendiary bombs were dropped around the perimeter of the town. The second wave attacked primarily the east end and centre of Greenock; the distillery in Ingleston Street had been set alight in the first wave, causing a huge fire which acted as a beacon for the rest of the bomber force. The final wave came around 2 am; dropping high-explosive bombs and parachute land mines which caused widespread destruction.[3]
At 3:30 am the "All Clear" sounded, but a large area of the town was in flames. The sugar refineries, distillery and foundries were all extensively damaged, Greenock Municipal Buildings complex was partly destroyed, and several churches were left as burnt-out shells. However, damage to the shipyards was minimal.[3]
Decoy site
[edit]An Air Ministry decoy starfish site behind Loch Thom prevented the number of casualties being even higher. The decoy was lit on the second night of the blitz. It consisted of a large number of mounds of combustible materials scattered over a wide area of the moorland to simulate a burning urban area. Scores of large bomb craters were found after an inspection of the decoy after the air raids.[5]
George Medal
[edit]Three local firemen were awarded the George Medal.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ "Inverclyde Council | War Dead: Greenock WW2". www.inverclyde.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ "Civilian War Memorial - Greenock, Inverclyde, Scotland". Lost Ancestors. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Copper, Sarah (15 June 2016). "The Forgotten Blitz on Scotland That Left Hundreds Dead & Thousands Homeless". War History Online. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Inverclyde Council | Greenock blitz". www.inverclyde.gov.uk. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ Leslie., Dow, James (1975). Greenock. Greenock: Corporation of Greenock. ISBN 9780904834000. OCLC 2074684.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)