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{{Short description|Wind instrument}}
{{Infobox Instrument
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Three-hole pipe
|name=Three-hole pipe
|names=Galoubet, Schwegel, Schwiegel, Swegel, Tamerlinpfeife, Tämmerinpfeife
|names=
|image=Pipeandbelldavid.png
|image=Pipeandbelldavid.png
|classification=
|classification=
*[[Wind instrument|Wind]]
*[[Wind instrument|Wind]]
*[[Woodwind instrument|Woodwind]]
*[[Woodwind instrument|Woodwind]]
|range=1-2 octaves
|range=1–2 octaves
|related=
|related=
*[[Tinwhistle]]
*[[Tin whistle]]
*[[Recorder]]
*[[Recorder (musical instrument)|Recorder]]
|musicians=
|musicians=
|articles=
|articles=
}}
}}
The '''three-hole pipe''', also commonly known as '''Tabor pipe''' is a wind instrument designed to be played by one hand, leaving the other hand free to play a [[Tabor (instrument)|tabor drum]], [[Bell (instrument)|bell]], [[Psalterium (instrument)|psalterium]] or ''tambourin à cordes'', [[Bones (instrument)|bones]], [[Triangle (instrument)|triangle]] or other percussive instrument.
The '''three-hole pipe''', also commonly known as '''tabor pipe''' or '''galoubet''', is a [[wind instrument]] designed to be played by one hand, leaving the other hand free to play a [[Tabor (instrument)|tabor drum]], [[Bell (instrument)|bell]], [[Psalterium (instrument)|psalterium]] or ''tambourin à cordes'', [[Bones (instrument)|bones]], [[Triangle (musical instrument)|triangle]] or other percussive instrument.


The three-hole pipe's origins are not known, but it dates back at least to the 11th Century. <ref>[http://www.pipeandtabor.org The Taborer's Society]</ref>
The three-hole pipe's origins are not known, but it dates back at least to the 12th century.<ref name=DH />


It was popular from an early date in [[France]], the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and [[Great Britain]] and remains in use there today. <ref name="The Pipe and Tabor Worldwide">[http://www.pipeandtabor.org/worldwide.htm The Pipe and Tabor Worldwide]</ref> In the [[Basque Country (historical territory)|Basque Country]] it has increasingly gained momentum and prestige during the last century, especially during the last years of Franco's dictatorship, following that it turned into a hallmark of Basque identity and folk culture. New pipe and tabor schools have cropped up since throughout the country, providing along with tabor the musical background for traditional Basque dance ensembles (see [[txistu]]).
It was popular from an early date in [[France]], the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and [[Great Britain]] and remains in use there today.<ref name="The Pipe and Tabor Worldwide">[http://www.pipeandtabor.org/worldwide.htm The Pipe and Tabor Worldwide] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908235641/http://www.pipeandtabor.org/worldwide.htm |date=September 8, 2007 }}</ref> In the [[Basque Country (historical territory)|Basque Country]] it has increasingly gained momentum and prestige during the last century, especially during the last years of the [[Francoist State]], following that it turned into a hallmark of Basque identity and folk culture. New pipe and tabor schools have cropped up since throughout the country, providing along with tabor the musical background for traditional Basque dance ensembles (see [[txistu]]). In [[Andalusia]] these pipes (''flauta'' or ''gaita'' and the ''tambor'' or ''tamboril'') are played in celebrations, ''Cruces de Mayo'', sword dances<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302588608|title=DANZAS DE ESPADAS Y TOQUES DE TAMBORIL EN LA SIERRA Y EL ANDÉVALO ONUBENSES (PDF Download Available)|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2017-03-16}}</ref> and ''romerías''; in the music used around ''Romería'' of ''El Rocío'' (Huelva, Andalucía) this same pipe is denominated ''flauta rociera'', ''gaita rociera'' or sometimes ''pito rociero'' (a higher pitched whistle).


The most common form of tabor pipe in the Basque region is tuned ''tone, semitone, tone''. The most common form in Provence is tuned ''tone, tone, tone''. The English tabor pipe is commonly tuned ''tone, tone, semitone'', and corresponds to the three lowest holes of a [[tinwhistle]]. <ref name="The Pipe and Tabor Worldwide"/>
The most common form of tabor pipe in the Basque region is tuned "tone, semitone, tone", as in the pipe of Andalusia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://postmusicas-e.blogspot.com.es/2014/01/flauta-y-tamboril.html|title= Flauta y tamboril. Gaita de Huelva, gaita rociera, gaita andaluza|website=postmusicas|access-date=2017-03-16}}</ref> The most common form in Provence is tuned "tone, tone, tone". The English tabor pipe is commonly tuned "tone, tone, semitone", and corresponds to the three lowest holes of a [[tin whistle]].<ref name=DH>{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908235641/http://www.pipeandtabor.org/worldwide.htm |date=September 8, 2007 |title=Description and History}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Agricola, cornett and shawms.jpg|Instruments from Martin Agricola's book "Musica instrumentalis deudsch", published 1529. From left: straight [[cornett]], three-hole pipe, [[bombard (music)|bombard]], [[shawm]]. The three-hole pipe uses double reeds under a cap, with blowhole.
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 27: Line 32:
* [[Flageolet]]
* [[Flageolet]]
* [[Fujara]]
* [[Fujara]]
* [[Galoubet]]
* [[Pipe (instrument)|Galoubet]]
* [[Jacques de Vaucanson]]
* [[Jacques de Vaucanson]]
* [[Morris dance]]
* [[Morris dance]]
* [[Picco pipe]]
* [[Picco pipe]]
* [[Pipe and Tabor]]
* [[Pipe and tabor]]
* [[Txistu]]
* [[Txistu]]
* [[Zuffolo]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.pipeandtabor.org The Taborers' Society]
*[http://www.pipeandtabor.org The Taborers' Society]
*[http://www.sussexbrew.freeuk.com/intropt.htm A Plain and Easy Introduction to the English Pipe and Tabor]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050208092630/http://www.sussexbrew.freeuk.com/intropt.htm A Plain and Easy Introduction to the English Pipe and Tabor]
*[http://chrisbrady.itgo.com/pipntab/pipntab.htm Address to a Society of Morris Dancers, 1914] by Sir Francis Darwin
*[http://chrisbrady.itgo.com/pipntab/pipntab.htm Address to a Society of Morris Dancers, 1914] by Sir Francis Darwin


{{Flutes}}
⚫
[[Category:European musical instruments]]
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Fipple flutes]]
[[Category:European musical instruments]]
[[Category:Internal fipple flutes]]

⚫
[[Category:Medieval musical instruments]]
[[an:Chiflo]]
[[bg:Галубе]]
[[es:Flauta de tres agujeros]]
[[eu:Txistu]]
[[fr:Galoubet]]

Latest revision as of 01:27, 9 June 2024

Three-hole pipe
Other namesGaloubet, Schwegel, Schwiegel, Swegel, Tamerlinpfeife, Tämmerinpfeife
Classification
Playing range
1–2 octaves
Related instruments

The three-hole pipe, also commonly known as tabor pipe or galoubet, is a wind instrument designed to be played by one hand, leaving the other hand free to play a tabor drum, bell, psalterium or tambourin à cordes, bones, triangle or other percussive instrument.

The three-hole pipe's origins are not known, but it dates back at least to the 12th century.[1]

It was popular from an early date in France, the Iberian Peninsula and Great Britain and remains in use there today.[2] In the Basque Country it has increasingly gained momentum and prestige during the last century, especially during the last years of the Francoist State, following that it turned into a hallmark of Basque identity and folk culture. New pipe and tabor schools have cropped up since throughout the country, providing along with tabor the musical background for traditional Basque dance ensembles (see txistu). In Andalusia these pipes (flauta or gaita and the tambor or tamboril) are played in celebrations, Cruces de Mayo, sword dances[3] and romerías; in the music used around Romería of El Rocío (Huelva, Andalucía) this same pipe is denominated flauta rociera, gaita rociera or sometimes pito rociero (a higher pitched whistle).

The most common form of tabor pipe in the Basque region is tuned "tone, semitone, tone", as in the pipe of Andalusia.[4] The most common form in Provence is tuned "tone, tone, tone". The English tabor pipe is commonly tuned "tone, tone, semitone", and corresponds to the three lowest holes of a tin whistle.[1]

  • Instruments from Martin Agricola's book "Musica instrumentalis deudsch", published 1529. From left: straight cornett, three-hole pipe, bombard, shawm. The three-hole pipe uses double reeds under a cap, with blowhole.
    Instruments from Martin Agricola's book "Musica instrumentalis deudsch", published 1529. From left: straight cornett, three-hole pipe, bombard, shawm. The three-hole pipe uses double reeds under a cap, with blowhole.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Description and History at the Wayback Machine (archived September 8, 2007)
  2. ^ The Pipe and Tabor Worldwide Archived September 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "DANZAS DE ESPADAS Y TOQUES DE TAMBORIL EN LA SIERRA Y EL ANDÉVALO ONUBENSES (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
  4. ^ "Flauta y tamboril. Gaita de Huelva, gaita rociera, gaita andaluza". postmusicas. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
[edit]
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