Battles of Kizugawaguchi: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1576 and 1578 Japanese naval battles}} |
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The two {{nihongo|'''Battles of Kizugawaguchi'''|木津川口の戦い|Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai}} were fought during [[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] attempted [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] in [[Osaka]]. The [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji|Hongan-ji]] was the primary fortress of the [[Ikkō-ikki]], mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], to organize a [[blockade]] against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the [[Mōri Terumoto]] from [[Mōri clan]]. |
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!colspan=2 style="background:#ffff99;color:#2222cc" |Battle of Kizugawaguchi |
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|Conflict||[[Sengoku]] Period |
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|Date||April, [[1576]] |
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|Place||Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]] |
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|Result||[[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] blockade fails |
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!colspan=2 style="background:#ffff99;color:#2222cc"|Combatants |
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| width=50%|Fleet loyal to [[Oda Nobunaga]] |
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| width=50%|Fleet of enemies of [[Oda Nobunaga|Nobunaga]] |
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!colspan=2|Commanders |
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|[[Kuki Yoshitaka]] |
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|Unknown, probably a member of the [[Mori clan]] |
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!colspan=2|Strength |
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|Unknown |
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|Unknown |
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!colspan=2|Casualties |
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|Unknown |
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|Unknown |
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==First battle (1576)== |
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The first '''battle of Kizugawaguchi''' (''lit. mouth of the Kizu River'') was fought during [[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] attempted sieges of the [[Ishiyama Honganji]] in [[Osaka]]. The Honganji was the primary fortress of the [[Ikko-ikki]], mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Nobunaga's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], to organize a blockade against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Nobunaga, chief among them the [[Mori clan]]. |
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{{Infobox Military Conflict |
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|conflict=First Battle of Kizugawaguchi |
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|partof=the [[Sengoku period]] |
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|image= |
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|caption= |
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|date=August 1576 |
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|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]] |
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| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}} |
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| map_type = Japan |
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| map_relief = yes |
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| map_size = |
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| map_marksize = |
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| map_caption = |
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| map_label = |
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| territory = |
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|result=Mōri victory |
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|combatant1=forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]] |
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|combatant2=forces of [[Mōri Terumoto]] |
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|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]] |
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|commander2=[[Murakami Motoyoshi]] |
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|strength1=~300 vessels |
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|strength2=~700 vessels |
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|casualties1= |
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|casualties2= |
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}} |
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In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri navy led by Motoyoshi, son of [[Murakami Takeyoshi]], defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress.<ref name="Cassell">{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Stephen|title=The Samurai Sourcebook|date=2000|publisher=Cassell & C0|location=London|isbn=1854095234|page=228}}</ref> Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of [[naval tactics]] was ultimately the deciding factor. |
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The Mori defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress. |
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==Second battle (1578)== |
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However, the Mori would face Kuki Yoshitaka again, two years later, in the second [[Battle of Kizugawaguchi (1578)|battle of Kizugawaguchi]]. |
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{{Infobox Military Conflict |
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|conflict=Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi |
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|partof=the [[Sengoku period]] |
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|image= |
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|caption= |
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|date=1578 |
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|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]] |
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|result=Oda victory |
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|combatant1=forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]] |
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|combatant2=forces of [[Mōri Terumoto]] |
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|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]<br>[[Takigawa Kazumasu]] |
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|commander2=[[Murakami Takeyoshi]] |
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|strength1=6 ''[[atakebune]]'' |
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|strength2=600 vessels |
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|casualties1= |
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|casualties2= |
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}} |
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{{Campaignbox Campaigns of Oda Nobunaga}} |
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{{Campaignbox Campaigns of the Mori clan}} |
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Two years later in 1578, the [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] was still under [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|siege]], and Oda's fleet, with [[Takigawa Kazumasu]] commanded a [[White Ship]] to accompany the six black ships commanded by [[Kuki Yoshitaka]] against Mori navy, made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large ''o'atakebune'' ships, rather than a combination of small (''[[kobaya]]''), medium (''[[sekibune]]''), and large (''[[Atakebune|adakebune]]'') craft. Normally, ''atakebune'' were floating wooden fortresses covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were ''Tekkōsen'', the first [[ironclad]]s, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, these crafts probably had limited iron plating in key locations rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal. |
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Several Mōri vessels under [[Murakami Takeyoshi]] were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory.<ref name=Cassell/> The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-Ji fell soon afterward. However, the Mori discovered an existing flaw in the ''Tekkōsen'' design during this battle. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck to defend themselves, and the vessel capsized as its center of gravity shifted. |
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{{hist-stub}} |
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Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co. |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Battles Of Kizugawaguchi}} |
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[[Category:1576 in Japan]] |
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1576]] |
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[[Category:Naval battles of the Sengoku period|Kizugawaguchi]] |
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[[Category:Mōri clan]] |
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[[Category:16th-century military history of Japan|Kizugawaguchi]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:55, 10 June 2024
The two Battles of Kizugawaguchi (木津川口の戦い, Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai) were fought during Oda Nobunaga's attempted sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji in Osaka. The Hongan-ji was the primary fortress of the Ikkō-ikki, mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, Kuki Yoshitaka, to organize a blockade against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the Mōri Terumoto from Mōri clan.
First battle (1576)
[edit]| First Battle of Kizugawaguchi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Sengoku period | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| forces of Oda Nobunaga | forces of Mōri Terumoto | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Kuki Yoshitaka | Murakami Motoyoshi | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| ~300 vessels | ~700 vessels | ||||||
  Location within Japan | |||||||
In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri navy led by Motoyoshi, son of Murakami Takeyoshi, defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress.[1] Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of naval tactics was ultimately the deciding factor.
Second battle (1578)
[edit]| Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Sengoku period | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| forces of Oda Nobunaga | forces of Mōri Terumoto | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Kuki Yoshitaka Takigawa Kazumasu | Murakami Takeyoshi | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 6 atakebune | 600 vessels | ||||||
Two years later in 1578, the Ishiyama Hongan-ji was still under siege, and Oda's fleet, with Takigawa Kazumasu commanded a White Ship to accompany the six black ships commanded by Kuki Yoshitaka against Mori navy, made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large o'atakebune ships, rather than a combination of small (kobaya), medium (sekibune), and large (adakebune) craft. Normally, atakebune were floating wooden fortresses covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were Tekkōsen, the first ironclads, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, these crafts probably had limited iron plating in key locations rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal.
Several Mōri vessels under Murakami Takeyoshi were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory.[1] The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-Ji fell soon afterward. However, the Mori discovered an existing flaw in the Tekkōsen design during this battle. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck to defend themselves, and the vessel capsized as its center of gravity shifted.
Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Turnbull, Stephen (2000). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & C0. p. 228. ISBN 1854095234.