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Coordinates: 34°37′51.9971″N 135°25′44.2103″E / 34.631110306°N 135.428947306°E / 34.631110306; 135.428947306
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{{Short description|1576 and 1578 Japanese naval battles}}
The two '''battles of Kizugawaguchi''' (lit. ''mouth of the Kizu River'') were fought during [[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] attempted sieges of the [[Ishiyama Honganji]] in [[Osaka]]. The Honganji was the primary fortress of the [[Ikko-ikki]], mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Nobunaga's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], to organize a blockade against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Nobunaga, chief among them the [[Mori clan]].
The two {{nihongo|'''Battles of Kizugawaguchi'''|木津川口の戦い|Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai}} were fought during [[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] attempted [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] in [[Osaka]]. The [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji|Hongan-ji]] was the primary fortress of the [[Ikkō-ikki]], mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], to organize a [[blockade]] against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the [[Mōri Terumoto]] from [[Mōri clan]].


==The First Battle==
==First battle (1576)==
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{| border=1 width=300 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right style="margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em"
|conflict=First Battle of Kizugawaguchi
|-
|partof=the [[Sengoku period]]
!colspan=2 style="background:#ffff99;color:#2222cc" |First Battle of Kizugawaguchi
|image=
|-
|caption=
|Conflict||[[Sengoku]] Period
|date=August 1576
|-
|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
|Date||August, [[1576]]
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
|-
| map_type = Japan
|Place||Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
| map_relief = yes
|-
| map_size =
|Result||[[Oda Nobunaga|Nobunaga's]] blockade broken.
| map_marksize =
|-
| map_caption =
|colspan=2|
| map_label =
{| border=1 width=300 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| territory =
|-
|result=Mōri victory
!colspan=2 style="background:#ffff99;color:#2222cc"|Combatants
|combatant1=forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]]
|-
|combatant2=forces of [[Mōri Terumoto]]
| width=50%|Fleet loyal to [[Oda Nobunaga]]
|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
| width=50%|Fleet of enemies of [[Oda Nobunaga|Nobunaga]]
|commander2=[[Murakami Motoyoshi]]
|-
|strength1=~300 vessels
!colspan=2|Commanders
|strength2=~700 vessels
|-
|casualties1=
|[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
|casualties2=
|Unknown, most likely a member of the [[Mori clan]]
}}
|-
!colspan=2|Strength
|-
|300 ships?
|Unknown
|-
!colspan=2|Casualties
|-
|Unknown
|Unknown
|}
|}


In the first battle, in [[1576]], the Mori defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress. Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mori's experience and knowledge of naval tactics was ultimately the deciding factor.
In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri navy led by Motoyoshi, son of [[Murakami Takeyoshi]], defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress.<ref name="Cassell">{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Stephen|title=The Samurai Sourcebook|date=2000|publisher=Cassell & C0|location=London|isbn=1854095234|page=228}}</ref> Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of [[naval tactics]] was ultimately the deciding factor.


==The Second Battle==
==Second battle (1578)==
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{| border=1 width=300 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right style="margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em"
|conflict=Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi
|-
|partof=the [[Sengoku period]]
!colspan=2 style="background:#ffff99;color:#2222cc" |Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi
|image=
|-
|caption=
|Conflict||[[Sengoku]] Period
|date=1578
|-
|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
|Date||[[1578]]
|result=Oda victory
|-
|combatant1=forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]]
|Place||Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
|combatant2=forces of [[Mōri Terumoto]]
|-
|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]<br>[[Takigawa Kazumasu]]
|Result||[[Mori]] fleet defeated.
|commander2=[[Murakami Takeyoshi]]
|-
|strength1=6 ''[[atakebune]]''
|colspan=2|
|strength2=600 vessels
{| border=1 width=300 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|casualties1=
|-
|casualties2=
!colspan=2 style="background:#ffff99;color:#2222cc"|Combatants
}}
|-
| width=50%|Fleet loyal to [[Oda Nobunaga]]
{{Campaignbox Campaigns of Oda Nobunaga}}
{{Campaignbox Campaigns of the Mori clan}}
| width=50%|Fleet of enemies of [[Oda Nobunaga|Nobunaga]]
Two years later in 1578, the [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] was still under [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|siege]], and Oda's fleet, with [[Takigawa Kazumasu]] commanded a [[White Ship]] to accompany the six black ships commanded by [[Kuki Yoshitaka]] against Mori navy, made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large ''o'atakebune'' ships, rather than a combination of small (''[[kobaya]]''), medium (''[[sekibune]]''), and large (''[[Atakebune|adakebune]]'') craft. Normally, ''atakebune'' were floating wooden fortresses covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were ''Tekkōsen'', the first [[ironclad]]s, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, these crafts probably had limited iron plating in key locations rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal.
|-
!colspan=2|Commanders
|-
|[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
|Unknown, most likely a member of the [[Mori clan]]
|-
!colspan=2|Strength
|-
|Six ships
|Unknown
|-
!colspan=2|Casualties
|-
|Unknown
|Unknown
|}
|}


Several Mōri vessels under [[Murakami Takeyoshi]] were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory.<ref name=Cassell/> The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-Ji fell soon afterward. However, the Mori discovered an existing flaw in the ''Tekkōsen'' design during this battle. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck to defend themselves, and the vessel capsized as its center of gravity shifted.
Two years later, the [[Ishiyama Honganji]] was still under siege, and Nobunaga's fleet, commanded once again by [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], made another attempt to break the Mori supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large ''oo-adakebune'' ships, rather than a combination of small (''kobaya''), medium (''sekibune''), and large (''adakebune'') craft. Normally, ''adakebune'' were essentially wooden floating fortresses, covered in gun & bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were the first ironclads, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, rather than true iron clads, made primarily or entirely of metal, these craft probably simply had limited iron plating in key locations.


Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year.
Several Mori vessels were burned and sunk, and Nobunaga's fleet ultimately achieved victory. The supply lines were broken, and the Honganji fell soon afterwards. However, during this battle an interesting flaw was discovered in the ''oo-adakebune'' design. As Mori samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warrior ran to that side of the deck, to defend themselves, and the entire ship fell over as its center of gravity shifted.


==References==
Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mori once more the following year.
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Battles Of Kizugawaguchi}}
{{hist-stub}}
[[Category:1576 in Japan]]

[[Category:Conflicts in 1576]]
==References==
[[Category:Naval battles of the Sengoku period|Kizugawaguchi]]
* Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.
[[Category:Mōri clan]]
[[Category:16th-century military history of Japan|Kizugawaguchi]]

Latest revision as of 04:55, 10 June 2024

The two Battles of Kizugawaguchi (木津川口の戦い, Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai) were fought during Oda Nobunaga's attempted sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji in Osaka. The Hongan-ji was the primary fortress of the Ikkō-ikki, mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, Kuki Yoshitaka, to organize a blockade against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the Mōri Terumoto from Mōri clan.

First battle (1576)

[edit]
First Battle of Kizugawaguchi
Part of the Sengoku period
DateAugust 1576
Location
Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of Osaka
34°37′51.9971″N 135°25′44.2103″E / 34.631110306°N 135.428947306°E / 34.631110306; 135.428947306
Result Mōri victory
Belligerents
forces of Oda Nobunaga forces of Mōri Terumoto
Commanders and leaders
Kuki Yoshitaka Murakami Motoyoshi
Strength
~300 vessels ~700 vessels
Battles of Kizugawaguchi is located in Japan
Battles of Kizugawaguchi
class=notpageimage|
Location within Japan

In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri navy led by Motoyoshi, son of Murakami Takeyoshi, defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress.[1] Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of naval tactics was ultimately the deciding factor.

Second battle (1578)

[edit]
Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi
Part of the Sengoku period
Date1578
Location
Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of Osaka
Result Oda victory
Belligerents
forces of Oda Nobunaga forces of Mōri Terumoto
Commanders and leaders
Kuki Yoshitaka
Takigawa Kazumasu		 Murakami Takeyoshi
Strength
6 atakebune 600 vessels

Two years later in 1578, the Ishiyama Hongan-ji was still under siege, and Oda's fleet, with Takigawa Kazumasu commanded a White Ship to accompany the six black ships commanded by Kuki Yoshitaka against Mori navy, made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large o'atakebune ships, rather than a combination of small (kobaya), medium (sekibune), and large (adakebune) craft. Normally, atakebune were floating wooden fortresses covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were Tekkōsen, the first ironclads, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, these crafts probably had limited iron plating in key locations rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal.

Several Mōri vessels under Murakami Takeyoshi were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory.[1] The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-Ji fell soon afterward. However, the Mori discovered an existing flaw in the Tekkōsen design during this battle. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck to defend themselves, and the vessel capsized as its center of gravity shifted.

Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Turnbull, Stephen (2000). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & C0. p. 228. ISBN 1854095234.
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