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Coordinates: 34°37′51.9971″N 135°25′44.2103″E / 34.631110306°N 135.428947306°E / 34.631110306; 135.428947306
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{{Short description|1576 and 1578 Japanese naval battles}}
⚫
The two {{nihongo|'''Battles of Kizugawaguchi'''|木津川口の戦い|Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai}} were fought during [[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] attempted [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] in [[Osaka]]. The [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji|Hongan-ji]] was the primary fortress of the [[Ikkō-ikki]], mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], to organize a [[blockade]] against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the [[Mōri Terumoto]] from [[Mōri clan]].

==First battle (1576)==
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=First Battle of Kizugawaguchi
|conflict=First Battle of Kizugawaguchi
Line 4: Line 8:
|image=
|image=
|caption=
|caption=
|date=August, 1576
|date=August 1576
|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
|result=[[Oda Nobunaga]]'s blockade broken
| map_type = Japan
⚫
|combatant1=Fleet loyal to [[Oda Nobunaga]]
| map_relief = yes
⚫
|combatant2=Fleet of allies of [[Ikkō-ikki]]
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
|result=Mōri victory
⚫
|combatant1=forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]]
⚫
|combatant2=forces of [[Mōri Terumoto]]
|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
|commander2=Unknown, most likely a member of the [[Mōri clan]]
|commander2=[[Murakami Motoyoshi]]
|strength1=300 ships?
|strength1=~300 vessels
|strength2=Unknown
|strength2=~700 vessels
|casualties1=
|casualties1=
|casualties2=
|casualties2=
}}
}}


⚫
In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri navy led by Motoyoshi, son of [[Murakami Takeyoshi]], defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress.<ref name="Cassell">{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Stephen|title=The Samurai Sourcebook|date=2000|publisher=Cassell & C0|location=London|isbn=1854095234|page=228}}</ref> Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of [[naval tactics]] was ultimately the deciding factor.
⚫
The two {{nihongo|'''Battles of Kizugawaguchi'''|木津川口の戦い|Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai}} were fought during [[Oda Nobunaga|Oda Nobunaga's]] attempted [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] in [[Osaka]]. The [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji|Hongan-ji]] was the primary fortress of the [[Ikkō-ikki]], mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], to organize a [[blockade]] against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the [[Mōri clan]].

==The first battle==
⚫
In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress. Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of [[naval tactics]] was ultimately the deciding factor.


==Second battle (1578)==
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi
|conflict=Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi
Line 29: Line 39:
|date=1578
|date=1578
|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
|place=Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of [[Osaka]]
|result=[[Mōri clan]] fleet defeated.
|result=Oda victory
|combatant1=Fleet loyal to [[Oda Nobunaga]]
|combatant1=forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]]
|combatant2=Fleet of allies of [[Ikkō-ikki]]
|combatant2=forces of [[Mōri Terumoto]]
|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
|commander1=[[Kuki Yoshitaka]]<br>[[Takigawa Kazumasu]]
|commander2=Unknown, most likely a member of the [[Mōri clan]]
|commander2=[[Murakami Takeyoshi]]
|strength1=Six ships
|strength1=6 ''[[atakebune]]''
|strength2=Unknown
|strength2=600 vessels
|casualties1=
|casualties1=
|casualties2=
|casualties2=
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Campaigns of Oda Nobunaga}}
{{Campaignbox Campaigns of Oda Nobunaga}}
{{Campaignbox Campaigns of the Mori clan}}
⚫
Two years later in 1578, the [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] was still under [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|siege]], and Oda's fleet, with [[Takigawa Kazumasu]] commanded a [[White Ship]] to accompany the six black ships commanded by [[Kuki Yoshitaka]] against Mori navy, made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large ''o'atakebune'' ships, rather than a combination of small (''[[kobaya]]''), medium (''[[sekibune]]''), and large (''[[Atakebune|adakebune]]'') craft. Normally, ''atakebune'' were floating wooden fortresses covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were ''Tekkōsen'', the first [[ironclad]]s, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, these crafts probably had limited iron plating in key locations rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal.


⚫
Several Mōri vessels under [[Murakami Takeyoshi]] were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory.<ref name=Cassell/> The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-Ji fell soon afterward. However, the Mori discovered an existing flaw in the ''Tekkōsen'' design during this battle. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck to defend themselves, and the vessel capsized as its center of gravity shifted.
==The second battle==
⚫
Two years later, the [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji]] was still under [[Siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji|siege]], and Oda's fleet, commanded once again by [[Kuki Yoshitaka]], made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large ''ō-adakebune'' ships, rather than a combination of small (''kobaya''), medium (''sekibune''), and large (''adakebune'') craft. Normally, ''adakebune'' were essentially wooden floating fortresses, covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were the first [[ironclad]]s, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal, these craft probably simply had limited iron plating in key locations.

⚫
Several Mōri vessels were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory. The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-ji fell soon afterwards. However, during this battle an interesting flaw was discovered in the ''ō-adakebune'' design. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck, to defend themselves, and the ship capsized as its center of gravity shifted.


Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year.
Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.

{{coord missing}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Battles Of Kizugawaguchi}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Battles Of Kizugawaguchi}}
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[[Category:Naval battles involving Japan|Kizugawaguchi]]
[[Category:1576 in Japan]]
[[Category:1576 in Japan]]
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[[Category:16th-century naval battles]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1576]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1576]]
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[[Category:Naval battles of the Sengoku period|Kizugawaguchi]]

[[Category:Mōri clan]]
[[ja:第一次木津川口の戦い]]
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[[Category:16th-century military history of Japan|Kizugawaguchi]]

Latest revision as of 04:55, 10 June 2024

The two Battles of Kizugawaguchi (木津川口の戦い, Kizugawaguchi no Tatakai) were fought during Oda Nobunaga's attempted sieges of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji in Osaka. The Hongan-ji was the primary fortress of the Ikkō-ikki, mobs of warrior monks, priests, and farmers who opposed Oda's rule. He ordered one of his admirals, Kuki Yoshitaka, to organize a blockade against the fleets of the Ikki's allies, who sought to supply the fortress and break the siege. Many of the ruling families of the neighboring provinces opposed Oda, chief among them the Mōri Terumoto from Mōri clan.

First battle (1576)

[edit]
First Battle of Kizugawaguchi
Part of the Sengoku period
DateAugust 1576
Location
Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of Osaka
34°37′51.9971″N 135°25′44.2103″E / 34.631110306°N 135.428947306°E / 34.631110306; 135.428947306
Result Mōri victory
Belligerents
forces of Oda Nobunaga forces of Mōri Terumoto
Commanders and leaders
Kuki Yoshitaka Murakami Motoyoshi
Strength
~300 vessels ~700 vessels
Battles of Kizugawaguchi is located in Japan
Battles of Kizugawaguchi
class=notpageimage|
Location within Japan

In the first battle, in 1576, the Mōri navy led by Motoyoshi, son of Murakami Takeyoshi, defeated Kuki Yoshitaka's fleet, breaking the blockade and supplying the fortress.[1] Both sides fought with firearms, a rather new development in Japanese warfare; but Mōri's experience and knowledge of naval tactics was ultimately the deciding factor.

Second battle (1578)

[edit]
Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi
Part of the Sengoku period
Date1578
Location
Kizugawaguchi, off the coast of Osaka
Result Oda victory
Belligerents
forces of Oda Nobunaga forces of Mōri Terumoto
Commanders and leaders
Kuki Yoshitaka
Takigawa Kazumasu		 Murakami Takeyoshi
Strength
6 atakebune 600 vessels

Two years later in 1578, the Ishiyama Hongan-ji was still under siege, and Oda's fleet, with Takigawa Kazumasu commanded a White Ship to accompany the six black ships commanded by Kuki Yoshitaka against Mori navy, made another attempt to break the Mōri supply lines. Going against convention, Yoshitaka fought with six very large o'atakebune ships, rather than a combination of small (kobaya), medium (sekibune), and large (adakebune) craft. Normally, atakebune were floating wooden fortresses covered in gun and bow emplacements. According to some accounts, it may be believed that these six were Tekkōsen, the first ironclads, and were built such that guns could not penetrate them. However, these crafts probably had limited iron plating in key locations rather than true ironclads, made primarily or entirely of metal.

Several Mōri vessels under Murakami Takeyoshi were burned and sunk, and Oda's fleet ultimately achieved victory.[1] The supply lines were broken, and the Hongan-Ji fell soon afterward. However, the Mori discovered an existing flaw in the Tekkōsen design during this battle. As Mōri samurai rushed to board the large ship, all the defending warriors ran to that side of the deck to defend themselves, and the vessel capsized as its center of gravity shifted.

Yoshitaka went on to defeat the Mōri once more the following year.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Turnbull, Stephen (2000). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & C0. p. 228. ISBN 1854095234.
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