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{{Short description|Ecuadorian leader of the indigenous movement}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Tránsito Amaguaña
| name = Tránsito Amaguaña
⚫
| image = Transito Amaguana.jpg
| full name = Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba
| image = Transito Amaguana.jpg
| alt = Transito Amaguana
| alt = Transito Amaguana
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| occupation = Activist
⚫
| birth_date = September 10, 1909
| occupation = Activist
⚫
| birth_place = Pesillo, [[Pichincha, Ecuador|Pichincha]], [[Ecuador]]
⚫
| birth_date = September 10, 1909
⚫
| death_date = {{Death-date and age|May 10, 2009|September 10, 1909}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]]
⚫
| death_place =
⚫
| death_date = {{Death-date and age|May 10, 2009|September 10, 1909}}
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| nationality = Ecuadorian
| education =
| ethnicity = Indigenous
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| partner =
| education =
| children =
| spouse =
| relations =
| partner =
| notable_works =
⚫
| awards = Premio Manuela Espejo (1997)
| children =
[[Premio Eugenio Espejo]] (2003)
| relations =
⚫
| period =
| genre =
| ploys =
| debut_works =
| notable_works =
| magnum_opus =
| collaborator =
| influences =
| influenced =
⚫
| awards = [[Premio Eugenio Espejo]], Culture, (2003)
}}
}}


'''Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba''' (September 10, 1909 - May 10, 2009) was an Ecuadorian leader for the indigenous movement and one of the founders of the Ecuadorian Federation of Indigenous People (FEI). She was awarded the [[Premio Eugenio Espejo]] in 2003 by President [[Lucio Gutiérrez]] for her lifetime work in the indigenous movement<ref>[http://www.eluniverso.com/2003/08/25/0001/8/09FB2D64951C4F0B8FADEB722353DCB4.html Premio Eugenio Espejo para Tránsito Amaguaña], August 25, 2003</ref>.
'''Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba''' (September 10, 1909 – May 10, 2009)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/espanol/amaguana/|title=Tránsito Amaguaña|website=www.marxists.org|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref> was an Ecuadorian leader of the [[Indigenous people of Ecuador|indigenous]] movement and one of the founders of the Ecuadorian Indian Federation (FEI) along with [[Dolores Cacuango]]. She was awarded the [[Premio Eugenio Espejo]] in 2003 by President [[Lucio Gutiérrez]] for her lifetime work in the indigenous movement.<ref>[http://www.eluniverso.com/2003/08/25/0001/8/09FB2D64951C4F0B8FADEB722353DCB4.html Premio Eugenio Espejo para Tránsito Amaguaña], August 25, 2003</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==


Born into a family of slaves and ‘property’ of the landowner, Tránsito Amaguaña helped her parents on their small piece of land (a huasipungo). The family worked seven days a week for no pay and in return could cultivate food on that land to grow and eat.
She was born in 1909 to Venancio Amaguaña and Mercedes Alba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fallece Tránsito Amaguaña Defensora de los indígenas ecuatorianos y activista comunitaria {{!}} Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos - México |url=https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/fallece-transito-amaguana-defensora-de-los-indigenas-ecuatorianos-y-activista-comunitaria |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=www.cndh.org.mx}}</ref> They were a family of slaves and ‘property’ of the landowner, Tránsito Amaguaña helped her parents on their small piece of land. The family worked seven days a week for no pay and in return could cultivate food on that land to grow and eat.


​As it was common for girls to be raped by the landowners, Tránsito’s mother decided her daughter would be better marrying an older man. She was married at the age of 15 to a 25 year old and became pregnant almost immediately. Tránsito’s husband was cruel and beat her repeatedly. The young Tránsito became involved in a the Socialist Party and on discovering this her husband beat her so violently that he tired himself out, the next morning she discovered her baby dead in his cot.
As it was common for girls to be raped by the landowners, Tránsito’s mother decided her daughter would be better marrying an older man. She was married at the age of 15 to a 25-year-old and became pregnant almost immediately. Tránsito’s husband was cruel and beat her repeatedly. The young Tránsito became involved in the Socialist Party and on discovering this her husband beat her so violently that he tired himself out, the next morning she discovered her baby dead in his cot.


Transito continued to attend meetings and became more and more involved in politics and the injustices of the indigenous people of Ecuador. By the time she was able to free herself from her violent husband she had two more children by him.
Transito continued to attend meetings and became more and more involved in politics and the injustices of the indigenous people of [[Ecuador]]. By the time she was able to free herself from her violent husband she had two more children by him.


On her own, Tránsito continued to work the land in exchange for food for herself and her children. In 1930 she helped to set up the first indigenous organization of her country and took part in 26 marches to the capital, Quito, to demand justice for her people. Quito was 66 kilometers from her home and Tránsito did this carrying her two children.
On her own, Tránsito continued to work the land in exchange for food for herself and her children. In 1930 she helped to set up the first indigenous organization of her country and took part in 26 marches to the capital, Quito, to demand justice for her people. Quito was 66 kilometers from her home and Tránsito did this carrying her two children.


She helped organize and took part in the first worker’s union. One strike lasted three months until the military moved in and destroyed the workers homes and detained them. Tránsito had to live the next 15 month of her life in hiding from the authorities. Among her people she was greatly admired, but the authorities constantly threatened her. She later joined the Communist party and traveled to Cuba and the Soviet Union to represent the Ecuadorian people. Tránsito was arrested on return from one of these tours and detained, accused of trafficking weapons and Bolshevik money to incite revolution, all she had was documentation for promoting land reforms. She was released after 4 month after being made to sign a declaration that she would not continue ‘agitating’ her people. But of course she did not stop, in true style of the revolutionary woman that she was, she continued her work, fighting for equality and justice for her people.
On her own initiative and without government support, in 1945 she started rural schools, founding four bilingual schools ([[Quichua-Spanish interlanguage|Quichua-Spanish]]) in the Cayambe area, recalls Ecuadorimediato.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tránsito Amaguaña, centenaria líder indígena de Ecuador {{!}} Obituarios {{!}} elmundo.es |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/05/12/obituarios/1242095375.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.elmundo.es}}</ref> She helped organize and took part in the first worker’s union. One strike lasted three months until the military moved in and destroyed the workers homes and detained them. Tránsito had to live the next 15 months of her life in hiding from the authorities. Among her people she was greatly admired, but the authorities constantly threatened her. She later joined the [[Communist Party of Ecuador|Communist Party]] and traveled to Cuba and the Soviet Union to represent the Ecuadorian people. Tránsito was arrested on return from one of these tours and detained, accused of trafficking weapons and Bolshevik money to incite revolution, all she had was documentation for promoting land reforms.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ecuadorian Indian Rights Activist Dies at 100.|date=May 11, 2009|work=EFE News Service}}</ref> She was released after 4 months after being made to sign a declaration that she would not continue ‘agitating’ her people. But of course she did not stop, in true style of the revolutionary woman that she was, she continued her work, fighting for equality and justice for her people.


Tránsito retired on a state pension and died of unknown causes in her home village of Pesillo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=334413&CategoryId=14089|title=Ecuadorian Indian rights activist dies at 100: ECUADOR-ACTIVIST|language=en|access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref> in 2009. Her funeral was attended by President [[Rafael Correa]] and vice president [[Lenín Moreno]] and various indigenous leaders.
Tránsito retired on a state pension and died of unknown causes in 2009.

==See also==
* [[Micaela Bastidas]]
* [[Dolores Cacuango]]
* [[India Juliana]]
* [[María la Grande]]
* [[Bartolina Sisa]]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Amaguana, Transito}}
{{Persondata
[[Category:1909 births]]
⚫
| NAME = Tránsito Amaguaña
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
| full name = Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba
[[Category:Ecuadorian activists]]
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Mama Tránsito
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Ecuadorian indigenous activist
[[Category:Ecuadorian communists]]
[[Category:School founders]]
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 10, 1909
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Pesillo, Pichincha, Ecuador
| DATE OF DEATH = {{Death-date and age|May 10, 2009|September 10, 1909}}
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

Latest revision as of 07:47, 10 June 2024

Tránsito Amaguaña
Transito Amaguana
BornSeptember 10, 1909
Pesillo, Pichincha, Ecuador
DiedMay 10, 2009 (2009-05-11) (aged 99)
OccupationActivist
AwardsPremio Manuela Espejo (1997) Premio Eugenio Espejo (2003)

Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba (September 10, 1909 – May 10, 2009)[1] was an Ecuadorian leader of the indigenous movement and one of the founders of the Ecuadorian Indian Federation (FEI) along with Dolores Cacuango. She was awarded the Premio Eugenio Espejo in 2003 by President Lucio Gutiérrez for her lifetime work in the indigenous movement.[2]

Biography

[edit]

She was born in 1909 to Venancio Amaguaña and Mercedes Alba.[3] They were a family of slaves and ‘property’ of the landowner, Tránsito Amaguaña helped her parents on their small piece of land. The family worked seven days a week for no pay and in return could cultivate food on that land to grow and eat.

As it was common for girls to be raped by the landowners, Tránsito’s mother decided her daughter would be better marrying an older man. She was married at the age of 15 to a 25-year-old and became pregnant almost immediately. Tránsito’s husband was cruel and beat her repeatedly. The young Tránsito became involved in the Socialist Party and on discovering this her husband beat her so violently that he tired himself out, the next morning she discovered her baby dead in his cot.

Transito continued to attend meetings and became more and more involved in politics and the injustices of the indigenous people of Ecuador. By the time she was able to free herself from her violent husband she had two more children by him.

On her own, Tránsito continued to work the land in exchange for food for herself and her children. In 1930 she helped to set up the first indigenous organization of her country and took part in 26 marches to the capital, Quito, to demand justice for her people. Quito was 66 kilometers from her home and Tránsito did this carrying her two children.

On her own initiative and without government support, in 1945 she started rural schools, founding four bilingual schools (Quichua-Spanish) in the Cayambe area, recalls Ecuadorimediato.[4] She helped organize and took part in the first worker’s union. One strike lasted three months until the military moved in and destroyed the workers homes and detained them. Tránsito had to live the next 15 months of her life in hiding from the authorities. Among her people she was greatly admired, but the authorities constantly threatened her. She later joined the Communist Party and traveled to Cuba and the Soviet Union to represent the Ecuadorian people. Tránsito was arrested on return from one of these tours and detained, accused of trafficking weapons and Bolshevik money to incite revolution, all she had was documentation for promoting land reforms.[5] She was released after 4 months after being made to sign a declaration that she would not continue ‘agitating’ her people. But of course she did not stop, in true style of the revolutionary woman that she was, she continued her work, fighting for equality and justice for her people.

Tránsito retired on a state pension and died of unknown causes in her home village of Pesillo [6] in 2009. Her funeral was attended by President Rafael Correa and vice president Lenín Moreno and various indigenous leaders.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Tránsito Amaguaña". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
  2. ^ Premio Eugenio Espejo para Tránsito Amaguaña, August 25, 2003
  3. ^ "Fallece Tránsito Amaguaña Defensora de los indígenas ecuatorianos y activista comunitaria | Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos - México". www.cndh.org.mx. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  4. ^ "Tránsito Amaguaña, centenaria líder indígena de Ecuador | Obituarios | elmundo.es". www.elmundo.es. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  5. ^ "Ecuadorian Indian Rights Activist Dies at 100". EFE News Service. May 11, 2009.
  6. ^ "Ecuadorian Indian rights activist dies at 100: ECUADOR-ACTIVIST". Retrieved 2018-03-22.
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