Victor Hugo Tinoco: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Nicaraguan former government official and Sandinista guerrilla}} |
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| alma_mater = [[National Autonomous University of Nicaragua]]<br> [[Central American University (Managua)|Central American University]] |
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'''Victor Hugo Tinoco Fonseca''' (born June 10, 1952) is a Nicaraguan politician and former Sandinista guerilla. He was Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs with the [[Sandinista National Liberation Front]], ambassador to the [[United Nations]] and a deputy in the [[National Assembly (Nicaragua)|National Assembly]]. In the late 1990s he grew critical of [[Daniel Ortega]] and was expelled from the party in 2005, joining the [[Sandinista Renovation Movement]] (MRS) instead and later its successor, the {{ill|Democratic Renewal Union|es| Unión Democrática Renovadora}} (Unamos) party. |
'''Victor Hugo Tinoco Fonseca''' (born June 10, 1952) is a [[Nicaragua|Nicaraguan]] politician and former Sandinista guerilla. He was Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs with the [[Sandinista National Liberation Front]], ambassador to the [[United Nations]] and a deputy in the [[National Assembly (Nicaragua)|National Assembly]]. In the late 1990s he grew critical of [[Daniel Ortega]] and was expelled from the party in 2005, joining the [[Sandinista Renovation Movement]] (MRS) instead and later its successor, the {{ill|Democratic Renewal Union|es| Unión Democrática Renovadora}} (Unamos) party. In June 2021, he was part of a wave of arrests of opposition figures, including seven aspiring opposition candidates for president in the [[2021 Nicaraguan general election]]. |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Victor Hugo Tinoco was born on June 10, 1952 in [[León]].<ref name="Affairs1988" /> He attended high school at the [[National Seminary (Nicaragua)|National Seminary]] where he began studying philosophy.<ref name="quiconfi" /> It was as a seminarian that he connected with the [[Sandinista National Liberation Front]] (FSLN), and joined in 1973 while studying for a degree in sociology at the [[National Autonomous University of Nicaragua]] (UNAN-Managua).<ref name="quiconfi">{{cite news |title=Quiénes son los 20 detenidos por el régimen orteguista en Nicaragua |url=https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/quienes-son-los-detenidos-por-el-regimen-orteguista-en-nicaragua/ |access-date= |
Victor Hugo Tinoco was born on June 10, 1952, in [[León, Nicaragua|León]].<ref name="Affairs1988" /> He attended high school at the [[National Seminary (Nicaragua)|National Seminary]] where he began studying philosophy.<ref name="quiconfi" /> It was as a seminarian that he connected with the [[Sandinista National Liberation Front]] (FSLN), and joined in 1973 while studying for a degree in sociology at the [[National Autonomous University of Nicaragua]] (UNAN-Managua).<ref name="quiconfi">{{cite news |title=Quiénes son los 20 detenidos por el régimen orteguista en Nicaragua |url=https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/quienes-son-los-detenidos-por-el-regimen-orteguista-en-nicaragua/ |access-date=June 27, 2021 |work=Confidencial |date=June 16, 2021 |language=es |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623015251/https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/quienes-son-los-detenidos-por-el-regimen-orteguista-en-nicaragua/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He then moved to León where he worked in the [[Revolutionary Student Front]] (FER).<ref name=":3">Cid, Amalia del. [https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2021/06/14/politica/2837534-11-opositores-encarcelados-en-las-ultimas-semanas-estos-son-sus-breves-perfiles "11 Opositores Encarcelados En Las Últimas Semanas; Estos Son Sus Breves Perfiles."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623204027/https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2021/06/14/politica/2837534-11-opositores-encarcelados-en-las-ultimas-semanas-estos-son-sus-breves-perfiles |date=June 23, 2021 }} ''La Prensa'', June 14, 2021, via ProQuest.</ref> |
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He also has a postgraduate degree in advanced business management from the [[Central American University (Managua)|Central American University]] (UCA).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Cid|first=Amalia del|date=2013 |
He also has a postgraduate degree in advanced business management from the [[Central American University (Managua)|Central American University]] (UCA).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Cid|first=Amalia del|date=June 16, 2013|title="Vamos a un escenario de violencia"|url=https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2013/06/16/seccion-domingo/150993-vamos-a-un-escenario-de-violencia|access-date=June 28, 2021|website=La Prensa|language=es}}</ref> |
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Following the fall of the Somoza dictatorship, Tinoco was appointed ambassador to the [[United Nations]], serving from 1979 to 1981.<ref name="Affairs1988" /> In 1981 he became Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs (vice-chancellor),<ref name="Affairs1988" /> a position he held until 1990.<ref name="quiconfi" /> He was also a member of FSLN Assembly.<ref name="Affairs1988" /> He led the Nicaraguan delegation at Manzanillo talks with the United States in 1984 and was the chief Sandinista representative in the [[Contadora Peace Accords|Contadora negotiations.]]<ref name="Affairs1988">{{cite book|author=|title=Nicaraguan Biographies: A Resource Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKKjDecyFmEC&pg=PA15|year=1988|publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs|page=32|access-date=2021 |
Following the fall of the Somoza dictatorship, Tinoco was appointed ambassador to the [[United Nations]], serving from 1979 to 1981.<ref name="Affairs1988" /> In 1981 he became Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs (vice-chancellor),<ref name="Affairs1988" /> a position he held until 1990.<ref name="quiconfi" /> He was also a member of FSLN Assembly.<ref name="Affairs1988" /> He led the Nicaraguan delegation at Manzanillo talks with the United States in 1984 and was the chief Sandinista representative in the [[Contadora Peace Accords|Contadora negotiations.]]<ref name="Affairs1988">{{cite book|author=|title=Nicaraguan Biographies: A Resource Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKKjDecyFmEC&pg=PA15|year=1988|publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs|page=32|access-date=June 13, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625073021/https://books.google.com/books?id=dKKjDecyFmEC&pg=PA15|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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He was also a member of the FSLN National Directorate and twice served as a National Assembly deputy, first for the FSLN (from 1997 to 2001)<ref name=":2" /> and later for the [[Sandinista Renovation Movement]] (MRS).<ref name="quiconfi" /> As of 2010, he was head of the MRS bench.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Navarro|first=Alvaro|date=November 15, 2010|title=Víctor Hugo Tinoco: "Nicaragua aparece como intransigente"|url=https://archivo.confidencial.com.ni/articulo/2394/victor-hugo-tinoco-quot-nicaragua-aparece-como-intransigente-quot|url-status=live|access-date=2021 |
He was also a member of the FSLN National Directorate and twice served as a National Assembly deputy, first for the FSLN (from 1997 to 2001)<ref name=":2" /> and later for the [[Sandinista Renovation Movement]] (MRS).<ref name="quiconfi" /> As of 2010, he was head of the MRS bench.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Navarro|first=Alvaro|date=November 15, 2010|title=Víctor Hugo Tinoco: "Nicaragua aparece como intransigente"|url=https://archivo.confidencial.com.ni/articulo/2394/victor-hugo-tinoco-quot-nicaragua-aparece-como-intransigente-quot|url-status=live|access-date=June 28, 2021|website=Confidencial|language=es|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628190725/https://archivo.confidencial.com.ni/articulo/2394/victor-hugo-tinoco-quot-nicaragua-aparece-como-intransigente-quot}}</ref> |
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He grew critical of [[Daniel Ortega]], particularly seeing Ortega’s 1998 pact with [[Arnoldo Alemán]] as a turning point toward authoritarianism.<ref name="quiconfi" /> The cooperation with Alemán’s ostensibly incompatible ideology (he represented the right-wing [[Constitutionalist Liberal Party]]) was unpopular among Sandinistas and that reaction spurred a greater suppression of dissent, in Tinoco’s view, leading to a strengthening of the authoritarian current in the FSLN overall.<ref name="quiconfi" /> Hoping to open up space for differing opinions within the party,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sandoval|first=Consuelo|date= |
He grew critical of [[Daniel Ortega]], particularly seeing Ortega’s 1998 pact with [[Arnoldo Alemán]] as a turning point toward authoritarianism.<ref name="quiconfi" /> The cooperation with Alemán’s ostensibly incompatible ideology (he represented the right-wing [[Constitutionalist Liberal Party]]) was unpopular among Sandinistas and that reaction spurred a greater suppression of dissent, in Tinoco’s view, leading to a strengthening of the authoritarian current in the FSLN overall.<ref name="quiconfi" /> Hoping to open up space for differing opinions within the party,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sandoval|first=Consuelo|date=October 11, 2000|title=Diputado Victor Hugo Tinoco disputará candidatura en el FSLN|url=https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2000/10/11/politica/785669-diputado-victor-hugo-tinoco-disputar-candidatura-en-el-fsln|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628185314/https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2000/10/11/politica/785669-diputado-victor-hugo-tinoco-disputar-candidatura-en-el-fsln|archive-date=June 28, 2021|access-date=June 28, 2021|website=La Prensa|language=es}}</ref> he mounted an ultimately unsuccessful challenge to Ortega in 2001 in the FSLN internal primary elections for president.<ref name="quiconfi" /> Then in February 2005 he was expelled from the party for his support of [[Herty Lewites]]'s candidacy against Ortega.<ref name="quiconfi" /> He served as campaign manager to Lewites, who broke from the FSLN to continue to pursue his presidential bid under the [[Sandinista Renovation Movement]], until Lewites' sudden death four months prior to the election.<ref name="quiconfi" /> Following the revocation of MRS's legal status, Tinoco became a member of its successor, {{ill|Democratic Renewal Union|es| Unión Democrática Renovadora}} (Unamos).<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|last1=Gallón|first1=Natalie|last2=Rivers|first2=Matt|date=June 14, 2021|title=Nicaragua's democracy is crumbling. It's been a long time coming|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/14/americas/nicaragua-democracy-detentions-analysis-intl-latam/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616221721/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/14/americas/nicaragua-democracy-detentions-analysis-intl-latam/index.html|archive-date=June 16, 2021}}</ref> |
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In June 2021 Tinoco was part of a wave of arrests of opposition [[2021 Nicaraguan general election|candidates for president in the November 2021 elections]] and other opposition figures.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=June 13, 2021|title=Nicaragua arrests 5 more opposition leaders in crackdown|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nicaragua-arrests-opposition-leaders-crackdown-78254104|url-status=live|access-date= |
In June 2021 Tinoco was part of a wave of arrests of opposition [[2021 Nicaraguan general election|candidates for president in the November 2021 elections]] and other opposition figures.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=June 13, 2021|title=Nicaragua arrests 5 more opposition leaders in crackdown|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nicaragua-arrests-opposition-leaders-crackdown-78254104|url-status=live|access-date=June 14, 2021|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616221739/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nicaragua-arrests-opposition-leaders-crackdown-78254104}}</ref> He was arrested on June 13, 2021, the same day as other [[Unamos]] leaders including [[Suyén Barahona]], [[Ana Margarita Vijil]] and Tinoco’s former Sandinista comrade, commander [[Dora María Téllez]], who is famous for her role in a 1978 raid that freed 60 Sandinista political prisoners.<ref name=":1">Díaz López, Karen. [https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2021/06/13/politica/2837506-policia-rodea-la-casa-de-la-exguerrillera-dora-maria-tellez "Policía Captura a Los Opositores Dora María Téllez, Ana Margarita Vijil, Suyén Barahona, Hugo Torres y Víctor Hugo Tinoco."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623193941/https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2021/06/13/politica/2837506-policia-rodea-la-casa-de-la-exguerrillera-dora-maria-tellez |date=June 23, 2021 }} ''La Prensa'', June 13, 2021, via ProQuest</ref> Like most of those arrested, Tinoco is accused of violations of controversial [[Law 1055]], passed by the FSLN-controlled legislature in December 2020, which gives the government unilateral power to arrest anyone it designates as a “traitor to the homeland”.<ref name=":1" /> Before his arrest he recorded a video calling for continued resistance in the event he was detained: "This is a struggle that has to go forward, that is not going to stop...the bright future that the people deserve is victory and freeing themselves from the dictatorship and the dynasty that they want to impose on us.”<ref name="quiconfi" /> |
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Initially Tinoco was believed to be held in [[Evaristo Vásquez Police Complex]], but as of 27 June 2021 neither his family nor his attorney have seen him since his arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Munguía|first=Ivette|date=June 19, 2021|title=Familiares de opositores detenidos reclaman verlos|url=https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/familiares-de-opositores-detenidos-reclaman-ver-a-sus-parientes-y-que-les-respeten-sus-derechos/|url-status=live|access-date=June 27, 2021|website=Confidencial|language=es|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621072308/https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/familiares-de-opositores-detenidos-reclaman-ver-a-sus-parientes-y-que-les-respeten-sus-derechos/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Munguía|first=Ivette|date=June 27, 2021|title=Opositores detenidos despojados de su derecho a la defensa|url=https://www.confidencial.com.ni/politica/opositores-detenidos-despojados-de-su-derecho-a-la-defensa/|url-status=live|access-date=June 27, 2021|website=Confidencial|language=es|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627101714/https://www.confidencial.com.ni/politica/opositores-detenidos-despojados-de-su-derecho-a-la-defensa/}}</ref> His family has expressed concern about his health, given his preexisting [[hypertension]], [[asthma]], and [[Ménière's disease|Ménière’s disease.]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 24, 2021|title=Preocupación por estado de salud de presos en el "Nuevo Chipote"|url=https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/familiares-de-opositores-presos-en-nuevo-chipote-preocupados-por-su-estado-de-salud/|access-date=June 27, 2021|website=Confidencial|language=es|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625195144/https://www.confidencial.com.ni/nacion/familiares-de-opositores-presos-en-nuevo-chipote-preocupados-por-su-estado-de-salud/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Tinoco was convicted and sentenced to 13 years imprisonment on 21 February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title= Nicaragua sentences former official to 13 years in prison |url=https://apnews.com/article/elections-caribbean-election-2020-victor-hugo-nicaragua-a6ba4a8fb4a3c500df9642ba3eb1edd6|website=AP News|date=22 February 2022|access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Sandinista Renovation Movement politicians]] |
[[Category:Sandinista Renovation Movement politicians]] |
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[[Category:National Autonomous University of Nicaragua alumni]] |
[[Category:National Autonomous University of Nicaragua alumni]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:People with Ménière's disease]] |
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[[Category:Political prisoners in Nicaragua]] |
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[[Category:Nicaraguan prisoners and detainees]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:59, 11 June 2024
Victor Hugo Tinoco | |
|---|---|
 Tinoco in 2018 | |
| Ambassador to the United Nations | |
| In office 1979–1981 | |
| Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 1981–1990 | |
| National Assembly Deputy | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Victor Hugo Tinoco Fonseca June 10, 1952 León, Nicaragua |
| Political party | Sandinista National Liberation Front (1973–2005) Sandinista Renovation Movement Democratic Renewal Union |
| Alma mater | National Autonomous University of Nicaragua Central American University |
Victor Hugo Tinoco Fonseca (born June 10, 1952) is a Nicaraguan politician and former Sandinista guerilla. He was Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs with the Sandinista National Liberation Front, ambassador to the United Nations and a deputy in the National Assembly. In the late 1990s he grew critical of Daniel Ortega and was expelled from the party in 2005, joining the Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS) instead and later its successor, the Democratic Renewal Union (Unamos) party. In June 2021, he was part of a wave of arrests of opposition figures, including seven aspiring opposition candidates for president in the 2021 Nicaraguan general election.
Biography
[edit]Victor Hugo Tinoco was born on June 10, 1952, in León.[1] He attended high school at the National Seminary where he began studying philosophy.[2] It was as a seminarian that he connected with the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), and joined in 1973 while studying for a degree in sociology at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua).[2] He then moved to León where he worked in the Revolutionary Student Front (FER).[3]
He also has a postgraduate degree in advanced business management from the Central American University (UCA).[4]
Following the fall of the Somoza dictatorship, Tinoco was appointed ambassador to the United Nations, serving from 1979 to 1981.[1] In 1981 he became Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs (vice-chancellor),[1] a position he held until 1990.[2] He was also a member of FSLN Assembly.[1] He led the Nicaraguan delegation at Manzanillo talks with the United States in 1984 and was the chief Sandinista representative in the Contadora negotiations.[1]
He was also a member of the FSLN National Directorate and twice served as a National Assembly deputy, first for the FSLN (from 1997 to 2001)[4] and later for the Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS).[2] As of 2010, he was head of the MRS bench.[5]
He grew critical of Daniel Ortega, particularly seeing Ortega’s 1998 pact with Arnoldo Alemán as a turning point toward authoritarianism.[2] The cooperation with Alemán’s ostensibly incompatible ideology (he represented the right-wing Constitutionalist Liberal Party) was unpopular among Sandinistas and that reaction spurred a greater suppression of dissent, in Tinoco’s view, leading to a strengthening of the authoritarian current in the FSLN overall.[2] Hoping to open up space for differing opinions within the party,[6] he mounted an ultimately unsuccessful challenge to Ortega in 2001 in the FSLN internal primary elections for president.[2] Then in February 2005 he was expelled from the party for his support of Herty Lewites's candidacy against Ortega.[2] He served as campaign manager to Lewites, who broke from the FSLN to continue to pursue his presidential bid under the Sandinista Renovation Movement, until Lewites' sudden death four months prior to the election.[2] Following the revocation of MRS's legal status, Tinoco became a member of its successor, Democratic Renewal Union (Unamos).[7]
In June 2021 Tinoco was part of a wave of arrests of opposition candidates for president in the November 2021 elections and other opposition figures.[8] He was arrested on June 13, 2021, the same day as other Unamos leaders including Suyén Barahona, Ana Margarita Vijil and Tinoco’s former Sandinista comrade, commander Dora María Téllez, who is famous for her role in a 1978 raid that freed 60 Sandinista political prisoners.[9] Like most of those arrested, Tinoco is accused of violations of controversial Law 1055, passed by the FSLN-controlled legislature in December 2020, which gives the government unilateral power to arrest anyone it designates as a “traitor to the homeland”.[9] Before his arrest he recorded a video calling for continued resistance in the event he was detained: "This is a struggle that has to go forward, that is not going to stop...the bright future that the people deserve is victory and freeing themselves from the dictatorship and the dynasty that they want to impose on us.”[2]
Initially Tinoco was believed to be held in Evaristo Vásquez Police Complex, but as of 27 June 2021 neither his family nor his attorney have seen him since his arrest.[10][11] His family has expressed concern about his health, given his preexisting hypertension, asthma, and Ménière’s disease.[12]
Tinoco was convicted and sentenced to 13 years imprisonment on 21 February 2022.[13]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Nicaraguan Biographies: A Resource Book. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs. 1988. p. 32. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Quiénes son los 20 detenidos por el régimen orteguista en Nicaragua". Confidencial (in Spanish). June 16, 2021. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
- ^ Cid, Amalia del. "11 Opositores Encarcelados En Las Últimas Semanas; Estos Son Sus Breves Perfiles." Archived June 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine La Prensa, June 14, 2021, via ProQuest.
- ^ a b Cid, Amalia del (June 16, 2013). ""Vamos a un escenario de violencia"". La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ^ Navarro, Alvaro (November 15, 2010). "Víctor Hugo Tinoco: "Nicaragua aparece como intransigente"". Confidencial (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ^ Sandoval, Consuelo (October 11, 2000). "Diputado Victor Hugo Tinoco disputará candidatura en el FSLN". La Prensa (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ^ Gallón, Natalie; Rivers, Matt (June 14, 2021). "Nicaragua's democracy is crumbling. It's been a long time coming". CNN. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ^ "Nicaragua arrests 5 more opposition leaders in crackdown". ABC News. June 13, 2021. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ^ a b Díaz López, Karen. "Policía Captura a Los Opositores Dora María Téllez, Ana Margarita Vijil, Suyén Barahona, Hugo Torres y Víctor Hugo Tinoco." Archived June 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine La Prensa, June 13, 2021, via ProQuest
- ^ Munguía, Ivette (June 19, 2021). "Familiares de opositores detenidos reclaman verlos". Confidencial (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
- ^ Munguía, Ivette (June 27, 2021). "Opositores detenidos despojados de su derecho a la defensa". Confidencial (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
- ^ "Preocupación por estado de salud de presos en el "Nuevo Chipote"". Confidencial (in Spanish). June 24, 2021. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
- ^ "Nicaragua sentences former official to 13 years in prison". AP News. February 22, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2023.