Jump to content

Quebrada del Barro Formation: Difference between revisions

Add links
Coordinates: 31°54′S 67°12′W / 31.9°S 67.2°W / -31.9; -67.2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,418,066 edits
Added bibcode. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Sandstone formations | #UCB_Category 593/732
 
(40 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 16: Line 16:
| unitof = [[Marayes Group]]
| unitof = [[Marayes Group]]
| subunits =
| subunits =
| underlies =
| underlies = [[Los Riscos Formation]]
| overlies =
| overlies = [[Carrizal Formation]]
| thickness =
| thickness =
| extent =
| extent = [[Marayes-El Carrizal Basin]]
| area =
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | Argentina
| map = {{Location map+ | Argentina
Line 35: Line 35:
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
}}
}}
The '''Quebrada del Barro Formation''' is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] of the [[Marayes-El Carrizal Basin]] in [[San Juan Province, Argentina|San Juan Province]], [[Argentina]]. This formation is the most fossiliferous portion of the Triassic [[Marayes Group]], and is also the youngest unit of the group, overlying the [[El Carrizal Formation]]. An [[unconformity]] at the top of the Quebrada del Barro Formation separates it from the [[Cretaceous]]-age [[Los Riscos Formation]] of the [[El Gigante Group]].<ref name=Gardini2009_p554>Gardini et al., 2009, p.554</ref><ref name="Leyesaurus" /><ref name="Martinez2015" /><ref name="Archosauriformes2016" /> Part of the formation may be made into a provincial park following the discovery of the fossils of ''[[Ingentia]]'', a giant sauropodomorph dinosaur which helped elucidate the early evolution of [[Sauropoda|sauropods]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://naaju.com/argentina/uac-wants-a-provincial-park-in-the-cradle-of-ingenia-prima/|title=Uac wants a provincial park in the cradle of Ingenia Prima |work=Naaju|access-date=2018-07-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
The '''Quebrada del Barro Formation''' is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in [[San Juan Province, Argentina|San Juan Province]], [[Argentina]].


== Sedimentology ==
Its fossils date back to the [[Late Triassic]] epoch of the [[Triassic]] period.<ref name="triassicdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 527–528. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> Part of the formation may be made into a provincial park following the discovery of the fossils of ''[[Ingentia]]'', a giant dinosaur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://naaju.com/argentina/uac-wants-a-provincial-park-in-the-cradle-of-ingenia-prima/|title=Uac wants a provincial park in the cradle of Ingenia Prima |work=Naaju|access-date=2018-07-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
The Quebrada del Barro Formation formed within a [[Rift|rift basin]] during a period of renewed fracturing. It encompasses {{convert|600|to|1400|m|ft}} of red [[sandstone]]s, fine [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerates]], and [[diamictite]]s.<ref name="Martinez2015" /> Early hypotheses on the depositional environment proposed that the sediments formed in an [[alluvial fan]] or [[braided river]] system, while a newer proposal outlines how four different [[facies]] within the formation can be used to reconstruct a meandering [[Semi-arid climate|semiarid]] floodplain deposited by [[mudflow]]s and discharging in [[Heterolithic bedding|heterolithic]] [[terminal splays]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Colombi|first1=Carina E.|last2=Martínez|first2=Ricardo N.|last3=Correa|first3=Gustavo|last4=Fernández|first4=Eliana|last5=Malnis|first5=Paula Santi|last6=Praderio|first6=Angel|last7=Apaldetti|first7=Cecilia|last8=Abelín|first8=Diego|last9=Alcober|first9=Oscar|last10=Aguilar-Cameo|first10=Andrea|title=First Argentine Microfossil Bonebed from the Upper Triassic Marayes—El Carrizal Basin, San Juan Province|date=October 2015|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283222785|journal=PALAIOS|language=en|volume=30|issue=10|pages=743–757|doi=10.2110/palo.2014.055|bibcode=2015Palai..30..743C |s2cid=131239254|issn=0883-1351|hdl=11336/4899|hdl-access=free}}</ref>


== Fossil content ==
==Paleofauna==
The fauna of Quebrada del Barro is similar to that of the neighboring [[Los Colorados Formation]] which is considered to be from the [[Norian]] stage of the Late Triassic.<ref name="triassicdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 527–528. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> Both formations preserve fossils from groups such as [[Sauropodomorpha|sauropodomorph]] [[dinosaur]]s, [[cynodont]]s, and [[testudinata]]ns. However, Quebrada del Barro is more abundant in [[Rhynchocephalia|sphenodontians]] (''[[Sphenotitan]]''), [[Tritheledontidae|tritheledontid]] cynodonts, and [[Coelophysoidea|coelophysoid]] dinosaurs (''[[Lucianovenator]]''), while sauropodomorphs are somewhat less common and [[aetosaur]]s are completely absent, in contrast to the Los Colorados Formation.<ref name="Martinez2015" /> Sphenodontians and cynodonts are also abundant in microfossil assemblages.<ref name=":0" /> In addition, the Quebrada del Barro Formation preserves some of the only [[pterosaur]] and ''[[Dromomeron]]'' specimens known from Triassic strata in Argentina. Although the sphenodontian and cynodont-dominated fauna of Quebrada del Barro is akin to that of the Faxinal del Sotorno assemblage of the [[Brazil]]ian [[Caturrita Formation]], the fauna of the Faxinal del Sotorno assemblage is otherwise indicative of an older part of the Triassic than the Quebrada del Barro Formation.<ref name="Martinez2015" />


===Dinosaurs===
=== Dinosaurs ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"

{{paleobiota-key-compact}}
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Theropod]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Theropod]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
Line 54: Line 54:
! Images
! Images
|-
|-
| ''[[Lucianovenator]]''<ref>Ricardo N. Martínez; Cecilia Apaldetti (2017). "A late Norian-Rhaetian coelophysid neotheropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Quebrada del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. in press. [[doi:10.5710/AMGH.09.04.2017.3065]].</ref>
|
| ''L. bonoi''
''[[Lucianovenator]]''<ref>Ricardo N. Martínez; Cecilia Apaldetti (2017). "A late Norian-Rhaetian coelophysid neotheropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Quebrada del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. in press. [[doi:10.5710/AMGH.09.04.2017.3065]].</ref>
| Several specimens including vertebrae, hip fragments, and a partial tibia
|
| A [[coelophysid]] [[theropod]]
''L. bonoi''
| [[File:Lucianovenator restoration.jpg|center|150px]]
|
"Cervical vertebrae, a sacrum and a partial pelvis"
|
A [[coelophysid]] [[theropod]]
|
|-
|-
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Sauropodomorph]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Sauropodomorph]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
|-
|-
! Genus
! Taxon
! Species
! Species
! width="20%"| Material
! width="20%"| Material
Line 77: Line 73:
|-
|-
|
|
''[[Ingentia]]''<ref name="apaldetti2018">{{Cite journal |last=Apaldetti |last2=Martínez |first2=Ricardo N. |last3=Cerda |first3=Ignatio A. |last4=Pol |first4=Diego |last5=Alcober |first5=Oscar |year=2018 |title=An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0599-y |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=1227–1232 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y|pmid=29988169 }}</ref>
''[[Ingentia]]''<ref name="apaldetti2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Apaldetti |last2=Martínez |first2=Ricardo N. |last3=Cerda |first3=Ignatio A. |last4=Pol |first4=Diego |last5=Alcober |first5=Oscar |year=2018 |title=An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=1227–1232 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y|pmid=29988169 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2.1227A |hdl=11336/89332 |s2cid=49669597 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|
|
''I. prima''
''I. prima''
Line 86: Line 82:
|
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Leyesaurus]]''<ref name=Leyesaurus>{{cite journal |year=2011 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e26964 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0026964 |author=Cecilia Apaldetti |author2=Ricardo N. Martinez |author3=Oscar A. Alcober |author4=Diego Pol |editor1-last=Claessens |editor1-first=Leon |pmid=22096511 |pmc=3212523 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2011PLoSO...626964A }}</ref>
|
| ''L. marayensis''
''[[Riojasaurus]]''<ref name="ageofdinosaursriojasaurus">"Riojasaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. ''The Age of Dinosaurs''. Publications International, LTD. p. 41. {{ISBN|0-7853-0443-6}}.</ref>
|
|
| A [[Massospondylidae|massospondylid]] [[sauropodomorph]]. Known from uppermost layers which may belong to a different unit of [[Hettangian]] ([[Early Jurassic]]) age.<ref name="Martinez2015" />
''R. incertus''
| [[File:Leyesaurus skull in dorsal view.png|center|100px]]
|
|-
"a skull, leg bones, vertebrae"
| [[Sauropodomorpha]]
|
| ''sp.''
A [[riojasaurid]] [[sauropodomorph]]
| Complete foot and tail vertebrae
|
| Undiagnostic sauropodomorph remains originally referred to ''[[Riojasaurus]]''<ref name=Leyesaurus/><ref name="ageofdinosaursriojasaurus">"Riojasaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. ''The Age of Dinosaurs''. Publications International, LTD. p. 41. {{ISBN|0-7853-0443-6}}.</ref>
|
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Other [[avemetatarsalian]]s ===
===Dinosauromorphs===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''Non-dinosaur [[avemetatarsalia]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
|-
! Taxon
! Species
! width="20%"| Material
! width="30%"| Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Dromomeron]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ricardo N. Martínez |author2=Cecilia Apaldetti |author3=Gustavo A. Correa |author4=Diego Abelín |year=2016 |title=A Norian lagerpetid dinosauromorph from the Quebrada del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.21.06.2015.2894 |s2cid=131613066 }}</ref>
| ''D. gigas''
| A partial femur
| a [[lagerpetid]]
| [[File:Dromomeron BW.jpg|center|100px]]
|-
| ''[[Pachagnathus]]''
| ''P. benitoi''
| Snout fragment
| A [[raeticodactylid]] [[pterosaur]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Martínez |first1=Ricardo N. |last2=Andres |first2=Brian |last3=Apaldetti |first3=Cecilia |last4=Cerda |first4=Ignacio A. |date=March 2022 |title=The dawn of the flying reptiles: first Triassic record in the southern hemisphere |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1424 |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1424 |bibcode=2022PPal....8E1424M |s2cid=247494547 |issn=2056-2799}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Pterosauria]]
| ''sp.''
| Partial ulna
| an indeterminate [[pterosaur]]<ref name="Martinez2015">{{Cite journal|last1=Martínez|first1=Ricardo N.|last2=Apaldetti|first2=Cecilia|last3=Correa|first3=Gustavo|last4=Colombi|first4=Carina E.|last5=Fernández|first5=Eliana|last6=Malnis|first6=Paula Santi|last7=Praderio|first7=Angel|last8=Abelín|first8=Diego|last9=Benegas|first9=Laura G.|last10=Aguilar-Cameo|first10=Andrea|last11=Alcober|first11=Oscar A.|date=August 2015|title=A New Late Triassic Vertebrate Assemblage from Northwestern Argentina|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276133829|journal=Ameghiniana|volume=52|issue=4|pages=379–390|doi=10.5710/AMGH.27.04.2015.2889|s2cid=131662341|issn=0002-7014|hdl=11336/111650|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Yelaphomte]]''
| ''Y. praderioi''
| Snout fragment
| A [[raeticodactylid]] [[pterosaur]]<ref name=":1" />
|
|-
|}

=== Pseudosuchians ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Pseudosuchia]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
|-
! Taxon
! Species
! width="20%"| Material
! width="30%"| Notes
! Images
|-
| "[[Rauisuchidae]]"
| ''sp.''
| Skull fragments, osteoderms
| an indeterminate "[[Rauisuchidae|rauisuchid]]" smaller than ''[[Fasolasuchus]]''<ref name="Martinez2015"/>
|
|-
| [[Crocodylomorpha]]
| ''sp.''
| A specimen including a partial osteoderm and vertebrae fragments
| Indeterminate, possibly a "[[Sphenosuchidae|sphenosuchid]]"<ref name="Martinez2015"/>
|
|-
| [[Crocodylomorpha]]
| ''sp.''
| Two incomplete specimens including osteoderms, vertebrae, and other bones
| a [[protosuchid]], possibly synonymous with ''[[Hemiprotosuchus]]''<ref name="Martinez2015"/>
|
|-
|}


=== Rhynchocephalians ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Dinosauromorph]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Rhynchocephalian]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
|-
|-
! Genus
! Genus
Line 110: Line 175:
! Images
! Images
|-
|-
| ''[[Sphenotitan]]''<ref name=Sphenotitan>{{Cite journal | last1 = Martinez | first1 = R. N. | last2 = Apaldetti | first2 = C. | last3 = Colombi | first3 = C. E. | last4 = Praderio | first4 = A. | last5 = Fernandez | first5 = E. | last6 = Malnis | first6 = P. S. | last7 = Correa | first7 = G. A. | last8 = Abelin | first8 = D. | last9 = Alcober | first9 = O. | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2013.2057 | title = A new sphenodontian (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Late Triassic of Argentina and the early origin of the herbivore opisthodontians | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 280 | issue = 1772 | pages = 20132057 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24132307| pmc = 3813332}}</ref>
| ''S. leyesi''
| numerous specimens (~50% of all recovered fossils)<ref name="Martinez2015"/>
| an [[Eilenodontinae|eilenodontine]] [[sphenodontian]]
|[[File:Sphenotitan skull.svg|center|frameless]]
|-
|}

=== Other reptiles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''Other reptiles of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
|-
! Taxon
! Species
! width="20%"| Material
! width="30%"| Notes
! Images
|-
| [[Archosauriformes]]
| ''sp.''
| Maxilla, caudal vertebra, metatarsal, indeterminate limb bone (tibia?)
| Various indeterminate fragments likely belonging to [[pseudosuchian]]s or [[dinosauromorph]]s<ref name="Archosauriformes2016">{{Cite journal|last1=Gianechini|first1=Federico A.|last2=Codorniú|first2=Laura|last3=Arcucci|first3=Andrea B.|last4=Castillo Elías|first4=Gabriela|last5=Rivarola|first5=David|date=March 2016|title=Archosauriform remains from the Late Triassic of San Luis province, Argentina, Quebrada del Barro Formation, Marayes–El Carrizal Basin|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288858161|journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|volume=66|pages=110–124|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2015.12.012|bibcode=2016JSAES..66..110G |issn=0895-9811|hdl=11336/60591|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|
|
|-
''[[Dromomeron]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ricardo N. Martínez |author2=Cecilia Apaldetti |author3=Gustavo A. Correa |author4=Diego Abelín |year=2016 |title=A Norian lagerpetid dinosauromorph from the Quebrada del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.21.06.2015.2894 }}</ref>
| ''[[Waluchelys]]''
|
''D. gigas''
| ''W. cavitesta''
| 2 partial skeletons and carapaces
|
| an [[australochelyid]] [[Pantestudines|stem-turtle]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sterli|first1=Juliana|last2=Martínez|first2=Ricardo N.|last3=Cerda|first3=Ignacio A.|last4=Apaldetti|first4=Cecilia|title=Appearances can be deceptive: bizarre shell microanatomy and histology in a new Triassic turtle (Testudinata) from Argentina at the dawn of turtles|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1334|journal=Papers in Palaeontology|year=2021|volume=7|issue=2|pages=1097–1132|language=en|doi=10.1002/spp2.1334|bibcode=2021PPal....7.1097S |s2cid=225515560|issn=2056-2802}}</ref><ref name="Martinez2015"/>
|
a [[lagerpetid]] [[dinosauromorph]]
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Rhynchocephalians===
=== Synapsids ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Rhynchocephalian]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Synapsid]]s of the Quebrada del Barro Formation'''
|-
|-
! Genus
! Taxon
! Species
! Species
! width="20%"| Material
! width="20%"| Material
Line 133: Line 219:
! Images
! Images
|-
|-
| [[Tritheledontidae]]
|
| ''sp.''
''[[Sphenotitan]]''<ref name=Sphenotitan>{{Cite journal | last1 = Martinez | first1 = R. N. | last2 = Apaldetti | first2 = C. | last3 = Colombi | first3 = C. E. | last4 = Praderio | first4 = A. | last5 = Fernandez | first5 = E. | last6 = Malnis | first6 = P. S. | last7 = Correa | first7 = G. A. | last8 = Abelin | first8 = D. | last9 = Alcober | first9 = O. | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2013.2057 | title = A new sphenodontian (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Late Triassic of Argentina and the early origin of the herbivore opisthodontians | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 280 | issue = 1772 | pages = 20132057 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24132307| pmc = 3813332}}</ref>
| 36 specimens, including a partial skeleton
|
| an undescribed [[Tritheledontidae|tritheledontid]] [[cynodont]]. May be two taxa based on two morphotypes: "long-snout" and "short-snout".<ref name="Martinez2015"/>
''S. leyesi''
|
"skull, maxilla, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebra"
|
a [[opisthodont]] [[sphenodontian]]
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}

== References ==
== References ==
{{portal|Geology|Argentina|Triassic|Prehistory of South America}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite journal |last1=Gardini |first1=Carlos |last2=Rivarola |first2=David |last3=Agüera |first3=Maximiliano |last4=Candela |first4=Gerónimo |year=2009 |title=Estructura de la región Sierra de Guayaguas-Marayes, Provincias de San Juan y San Luis |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v65n3/v65n3a12.pdf |journal=[[Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina]] |volume=65 |pages=551–565 |access-date=2018-09-08}}


[[Category:Geologic formations of Argentina]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of Argentina]]
[[Category:Triassic Argentina]]
[[Category:Triassic System of South America]]
[[Category:Triassic System of South America]]
[[Category:Late Triassic South America]]
[[Category:Triassic Argentina]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
Line 156: Line 242:
[[Category:Alluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Alluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America]]
[[Category:Paleontology in Argentina]]
[[Category:Geology of San Juan Province, Argentina]]
[[Category:Geology of San Juan Province, Argentina]]

Latest revision as of 13:00, 12 June 2024

Quebrada del Barro Formation
Stratigraphic range: Norian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMarayes Group
UnderliesLos Riscos Formation
OverliesCarrizal Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherSiltstone
Location
Coordinates31°54′S 67°12′W / 31.9°S 67.2°W / -31.9; -67.2
Approximate paleocoordinates40°48′S 30°00′W / 40.8°S 30.0°W / -40.8; -30.0
RegionSan Juan Province
Country Argentina
ExtentMarayes-El Carrizal Basin
Quebrada del Barro Formation is located in Argentina
Quebrada del Barro Formation
Quebrada del Barro Formation (Argentina)

The Quebrada del Barro Formation is a geological formation of the Marayes-El Carrizal Basin in San Juan Province, Argentina. This formation is the most fossiliferous portion of the Triassic Marayes Group, and is also the youngest unit of the group, overlying the El Carrizal Formation. An unconformity at the top of the Quebrada del Barro Formation separates it from the Cretaceous-age Los Riscos Formation of the El Gigante Group.[1][2][3][4] Part of the formation may be made into a provincial park following the discovery of the fossils of Ingentia, a giant sauropodomorph dinosaur which helped elucidate the early evolution of sauropods.[5]

Sedimentology

[edit]

The Quebrada del Barro Formation formed within a rift basin during a period of renewed fracturing. It encompasses 600 to 1,400 metres (2,000 to 4,600 ft) of red sandstones, fine conglomerates, and diamictites.[3] Early hypotheses on the depositional environment proposed that the sediments formed in an alluvial fan or braided river system, while a newer proposal outlines how four different facies within the formation can be used to reconstruct a meandering semiarid floodplain deposited by mudflows and discharging in heterolithic terminal splays.[6]

Fossil content

[edit]

The fauna of Quebrada del Barro is similar to that of the neighboring Los Colorados Formation which is considered to be from the Norian stage of the Late Triassic.[7] Both formations preserve fossils from groups such as sauropodomorph dinosaurs, cynodonts, and testudinatans. However, Quebrada del Barro is more abundant in sphenodontians (Sphenotitan), tritheledontid cynodonts, and coelophysoid dinosaurs (Lucianovenator), while sauropodomorphs are somewhat less common and aetosaurs are completely absent, in contrast to the Los Colorados Formation.[3] Sphenodontians and cynodonts are also abundant in microfossil assemblages.[6] In addition, the Quebrada del Barro Formation preserves some of the only pterosaur and Dromomeron specimens known from Triassic strata in Argentina. Although the sphenodontian and cynodont-dominated fauna of Quebrada del Barro is akin to that of the Faxinal del Sotorno assemblage of the Brazilian Caturrita Formation, the fauna of the Faxinal del Sotorno assemblage is otherwise indicative of an older part of the Triassic than the Quebrada del Barro Formation.[3]

Dinosaurs

[edit]
Theropods of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Lucianovenator[8] L. bonoi Several specimens including vertebrae, hip fragments, and a partial tibia A coelophysid theropod
Sauropodomorphs of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Taxon Species Material Notes Images

Ingentia[9]

I. prima

"cervical and dorsal vertebrae, scapula"

A lessemsaurid sauropod

Leyesaurus[2] L. marayensis A massospondylid sauropodomorph. Known from uppermost layers which may belong to a different unit of Hettangian (Early Jurassic) age.[3]
Sauropodomorpha sp. Complete foot and tail vertebrae Undiagnostic sauropodomorph remains originally referred to Riojasaurus[2][10]

Other avemetatarsalians

[edit]
Non-dinosaur avemetatarsalias of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Taxon Species Material Notes Images
Dromomeron[11] D. gigas A partial femur a lagerpetid
Pachagnathus P. benitoi Snout fragment A raeticodactylid pterosaur[12]
Pterosauria sp. Partial ulna an indeterminate pterosaur[3]
Yelaphomte Y. praderioi Snout fragment A raeticodactylid pterosaur[12]

Pseudosuchians

[edit]
Pseudosuchias of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Taxon Species Material Notes Images
"Rauisuchidae" sp. Skull fragments, osteoderms an indeterminate "rauisuchid" smaller than Fasolasuchus[3]
Crocodylomorpha sp. A specimen including a partial osteoderm and vertebrae fragments Indeterminate, possibly a "sphenosuchid"[3]
Crocodylomorpha sp. Two incomplete specimens including osteoderms, vertebrae, and other bones a protosuchid, possibly synonymous with Hemiprotosuchus[3]

Rhynchocephalians

[edit]
Rhynchocephalians of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Sphenotitan[13] S. leyesi numerous specimens (~50% of all recovered fossils)[3] an eilenodontine sphenodontian

Other reptiles

[edit]
Other reptiles of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Taxon Species Material Notes Images
Archosauriformes sp. Maxilla, caudal vertebra, metatarsal, indeterminate limb bone (tibia?) Various indeterminate fragments likely belonging to pseudosuchians or dinosauromorphs[4]
Waluchelys W. cavitesta 2 partial skeletons and carapaces an australochelyid stem-turtle[14][3]

Synapsids

[edit]
Synapsids of the Quebrada del Barro Formation
Taxon Species Material Notes Images
Tritheledontidae sp. 36 specimens, including a partial skeleton an undescribed tritheledontid cynodont. May be two taxa based on two morphotypes: "long-snout" and "short-snout".[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gardini et al., 2009, p.554
  2. ^ a b c Cecilia Apaldetti; Ricardo N. Martinez; Oscar A. Alcober; Diego Pol (2011). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626964A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. PMC 3212523. PMID 22096511.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Martínez, Ricardo N.; Apaldetti, Cecilia; Correa, Gustavo; Colombi, Carina E.; Fernández, Eliana; Malnis, Paula Santi; Praderio, Angel; Abelín, Diego; Benegas, Laura G.; Aguilar-Cameo, Andrea; Alcober, Oscar A. (August 2015). "A New Late Triassic Vertebrate Assemblage from Northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. 52 (4): 379–390. doi:10.5710/AMGH.27.04.2015.2889. hdl:11336/111650. ISSN 0002-7014. S2CID 131662341.
  4. ^ a b Gianechini, Federico A.; Codorniú, Laura; Arcucci, Andrea B.; Castillo Elías, Gabriela; Rivarola, David (March 2016). "Archosauriform remains from the Late Triassic of San Luis province, Argentina, Quebrada del Barro Formation, Marayes–El Carrizal Basin". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 66: 110–124. Bibcode:2016JSAES..66..110G. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2015.12.012. hdl:11336/60591. ISSN 0895-9811.
  5. ^ "Uac wants a provincial park in the cradle of Ingenia Prima". Naaju. Retrieved 2018-07-15.
  6. ^ a b Colombi, Carina E.; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Correa, Gustavo; Fernández, Eliana; Malnis, Paula Santi; Praderio, Angel; Apaldetti, Cecilia; Abelín, Diego; Alcober, Oscar; Aguilar-Cameo, Andrea (October 2015). "First Argentine Microfossil Bonebed from the Upper Triassic Marayes—El Carrizal Basin, San Juan Province". PALAIOS. 30 (10): 743–757. Bibcode:2015Palai..30..743C. doi:10.2110/palo.2014.055. hdl:11336/4899. ISSN 0883-1351. S2CID 131239254.
  7. ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 527–528. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  8. ^ Ricardo N. Martínez; Cecilia Apaldetti (2017). "A late Norian-Rhaetian coelophysid neotheropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Quebrada del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. in press. doi:10.5710/AMGH.09.04.2017.3065.
  9. ^ Apaldetti; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignatio A.; Pol, Diego; Alcober, Oscar (2018). "An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (8): 1227–1232. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1227A. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y. hdl:11336/89332. PMID 29988169. S2CID 49669597.
  10. ^ "Riojasaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. The Age of Dinosaurs. Publications International, LTD. p. 41. ISBN 0-7853-0443-6.
  11. ^ Ricardo N. Martínez; Cecilia Apaldetti; Gustavo A. Correa; Diego Abelín (2016). "A Norian lagerpetid dinosauromorph from the Quebrada del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. 53 (1): 1–13. doi:10.5710/AMGH.21.06.2015.2894. S2CID 131613066.
  12. ^ a b Martínez, Ricardo N.; Andres, Brian; Apaldetti, Cecilia; Cerda, Ignacio A. (March 2022). "The dawn of the flying reptiles: first Triassic record in the southern hemisphere". Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (2). Bibcode:2022PPal....8E1424M. doi:10.1002/spp2.1424. ISSN 2056-2799. S2CID 247494547.
  13. ^ Martinez, R. N.; Apaldetti, C.; Colombi, C. E.; Praderio, A.; Fernandez, E.; Malnis, P. S.; Correa, G. A.; Abelin, D.; Alcober, O. (2013). "A new sphenodontian (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Late Triassic of Argentina and the early origin of the herbivore opisthodontians". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1772): 20132057. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2057. PMC 3813332. PMID 24132307.
  14. ^ Sterli, Juliana; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Apaldetti, Cecilia (2021). "Appearances can be deceptive: bizarre shell microanatomy and histology in a new Triassic turtle (Testudinata) from Argentina at the dawn of turtles". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 1097–1132. Bibcode:2021PPal....7.1097S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1334. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 225515560.

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Quebrada_del_Barro_Formation&oldid=1228658063"