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{{Short description|Component of blood test}}
{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{More medical citations needed|date=November 2021}}


{{Infobox diagnostic
'''Mean Platelet Volume''' (MPV) is a measurement of the average size of [[platelets]] found in [[blood]] and is typically included in [[blood tests]]. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in [[bone marrow]]. Abnormally low MPV values correlate primarily with thrombocytopenia when it is due to impaired production as in aplastic anemia, and it is increased, even appears as 'giant platelets', when there is increased peripheral destruction, as in [[Immune thrombocytopenic purpura]], also known as ITP, also increased in [[myeloproliferative disorders]] and [[Bernard-Soulier syndrome]].
| Name = Mean platelet volume
|purpose= can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems
}}


'''Mean platelet volume''' ('''MPV''') is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of [[platelet]]s found in blood and is typically included in [[blood test]]s as part of the [[complete blood count|CBC]]. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in [[bone marrow]] or platelet destruction problems.<ref name="Testing.com">{{cite web | title = Complete Blood Count (CBC) | url = https://www.testing.com/ | work = Testing.com }}</ref>
A typical range of platelet volumes is 9.7–12.8 fL ([[femtolitre]]), equivalent to spheres 2.65 to 2.9 [[µm]] in diameter.


An increased mean platelet volume (MPV) increases the risk to suffer a heart disease <ref name="LabTestsOnline">{{cite journal | title = Mean Platelet Volume May Represent a Predictive Parameter for Overall Vascular Mortality and Ischemic Heart Disease | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | date = February 2012 | doi = 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788 | last1 = Slavka | first1 = Georg | last2 = Perkmann | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Haslacher | first3 = Helmuth | last4 = Greisenegger | first4 = Stefan | last5 = Marsik | first5 = Claudia | last6 = Wagner | first6 = Oswald F. | last7 = Endler | first7 = Georg | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 1215–1218 | pmid = 21330610 | s2cid = 85367 | doi-access = free }}</ref>


MPV may be higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in [[immune thrombocytopenic purpura]] (ITP), [[myeloproliferative disease]]s and [[Bernard–Soulier syndrome]]. It may also be related to [[pre-eclampsia]] and recovery from transient [[hypoplasia]].<ref name="pmid19722752">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lippi G, Filippozzi L, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Franchini M, Guidi GC, Targher G | title = Increased mean platelet volume in patients with acute coronary syndromes | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 133 | issue = 9 | pages = 1441–3 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19722752 | doi = 10.5858/133.9.1441 | url = }}</ref>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mean Platelet Volume}}


Abnormally low MPV values may correlate with [[thrombocytopenia]] when it is due to impaired production of [[megakaryocyte]]s in the [[bone marrow]], such as in [[aplastic anemia]]. A low MPV may indicate [[inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD), such as [[Crohn's disease]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu S, Ren J, Han G, Wang G, Gu G, Xia Q, Li J | title = Mean platelet volume: a controversial marker of disease activity in Crohn's disease | journal = European Journal of Medical Research | volume = 17 | pages = 27 | date = October 2012 | issue = 1 | pmid = 23058104 | pmc = 3519557 | doi = 10.1186/2047-783x-17-27 | doi-access = free }}</ref> A high MPV is also a bad prognostic marker in patients with sepsis or septic shock.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mangalesh S, Dudani S, Malik A | title = Platelet Indices and Their Kinetics Predict Mortality in Patients of Sepsis | journal = Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion | pages = 600–608 | date = March 2021 | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pmid = 33776267 | pmc = 7988247 | doi = 10.1007/s12288-021-01411-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao Y, Li Y, Yu X, Guo S, Ji X, Sun T, Lan C, Lavergne V, Ghannoum M, Li L | display-authors = 6 | title = The impact of various platelet indices as prognostic markers of septic shock | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 8 | pages = e103761 | date = 2014-08-13 | pmid = 25118886 | pmc = 4131909 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0103761 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j3761G | editor-first = Cordula M. | editor-last = Stover | doi-access = free }}</ref> In addition, low MPV may correlate with abnormally small platelet size, sometimes a symptom of a spectrum referred to as [[Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome]] (WAS),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/wiskott-aldrich-syndrome |title=Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |publisher=Immune Deficiency Foundation |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> caused by a genetic mutation of the WAS gene.

Sample for MPV testing is obtained in a Lavender-Top EDTA tube. A typical range of platelet volumes is 7.2 - 11.7&nbsp;fL<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA |date=May 28, 2011 |title=Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21620440/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |journal=Thrombosis Research|volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=358–360 |doi=10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007 |pmid=21620440 }}</ref> ([[femtolitre]]), equivalent to spheres 2.65 to 2.9&nbsp;[[Micrometre|μm]] in diameter.

== Conditions associated with altered MPV ==

=== Decreased MPV ===
* Cytotoxic [[chemotherapy]]
* [[Splenomegaly|Hypersplenism]]
* [[Thrombocytosis|Reactive thrombocytosis]]
* [[Iron-deficiency anemia]]
* [[Gilbert's syndrome]]
* [[HIV/AIDS|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome]] ([[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]])
* [[Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome]]
* [[X linked thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Crohn's disease]]
* [[Ulcerative colitis]]
* [[Aplastic anemia]]
* [[Megaloblastic anemia]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PJVLH1NmQAC&q=megaloblastic+anemia+has+high+MPV&pg=PA814|title=Clinical Laboratory Medicine| vauthors = McClatchey KD |date=2002|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780683307511|language=en}}</ref>

=== Increased MPV ===
* [[Immune thrombocytopenic purpura|Immune thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
* [[Myeloproliferative disorders]]
* Administration of [[erythropoietin]] / [[thrombopoietin]]
* Recovery from transient [[aplastic anemia|hypoplasia]]
* [[Gray platelet syndrome]]
* GATA-1 mutation
* vWD Type 2B
* Platelet Type vWD
* [[Paris-Trousseau syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mrlabtest.com/article/paris-trousseau-syndrome.htm |title=Paris-Trousseau syndrome |publisher=MrLabTest |access-date=2022-05-10}}</ref>
* Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia
* [[Bernard–Soulier syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web | date = 7 August 2020 | vauthors = Geil GD | veditors = Yaish HM |url=https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/954877-workup|title=Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Workup: Approach Considerations|website=emedicine.staging.medscape.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref>
* MYH9-related disorders
* 21q11 deletion syndrome
* [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]]
* Post-[[splenectomy]]
* [[Vasculitis]]
* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Pre-eclampsia]]
* [[Chronic kidney disease]]
* [[Respiratory disease]]s
* [[Thrombocytopenia]] secondary to [[sepsis]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Myocardial infarction]]
* [[Artificial heart valve]]s
* [[Bleeding|Massive hemorrhage]]

== Inherited thrombocytopenia with normal MPV ==
* ATRUS Syndrome
* Thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2)
* [[Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia]]
* [[TAR syndrome]]
* Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to AML

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | vauthors = Davis PD, Nabili SN | veditors = Shiel Jr WC | date = 27 August 2020 | title = What Is Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelet Count)? | url = http://www.medicinenet.com/thrombocytopenia_low_platelet_count/page4.htm | work = Medicinenet.com }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Slavka G, Perkmann T, Haslacher H, Greisenegger S, Marsik C, Wagner OF, Endler G | title = Mean platelet volume may represent a predictive parameter for overall vascular mortality and ischemic heart disease | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 1215–8 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21330610 | doi = 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bessman JD, Gilmer PR, Gardner FH | title = Use of mean platelet volume improves detection of platelet disorders | journal = Blood Cells | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 127–35 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4074887 }}
{{refend}}


{{Med-stub}}
{{Myeloid blood tests}}
{{Myeloid blood tests}}

[[Category:Blood tests]]

Latest revision as of 10:51, 13 June 2024

Mean platelet volume
Purposecan be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems.[1]

An increased mean platelet volume (MPV) increases the risk to suffer a heart disease [2]

MPV may be higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myeloproliferative diseases and Bernard–Soulier syndrome. It may also be related to pre-eclampsia and recovery from transient hypoplasia.[3]

Abnormally low MPV values may correlate with thrombocytopenia when it is due to impaired production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, such as in aplastic anemia. A low MPV may indicate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.[4] A high MPV is also a bad prognostic marker in patients with sepsis or septic shock.[5][6] In addition, low MPV may correlate with abnormally small platelet size, sometimes a symptom of a spectrum referred to as Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS),[7] caused by a genetic mutation of the WAS gene.

Sample for MPV testing is obtained in a Lavender-Top EDTA tube. A typical range of platelet volumes is 7.2 - 11.7 fL[8] (femtolitre), equivalent to spheres 2.65 to 2.9 μm in diameter.

Conditions associated with altered MPV

[edit]

Decreased MPV

[edit]

Increased MPV

[edit]

Inherited thrombocytopenia with normal MPV

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Complete Blood Count (CBC)". Testing.com.
  2. ^ Slavka, Georg; Perkmann, Thomas; Haslacher, Helmuth; Greisenegger, Stefan; Marsik, Claudia; Wagner, Oswald F.; Endler, Georg (February 2012). "Mean Platelet Volume May Represent a Predictive Parameter for Overall Vascular Mortality and Ischemic Heart Disease". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (5): 1215–1218. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788. PMID 21330610. S2CID 85367.
  3. ^ Lippi G, Filippozzi L, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Franchini M, Guidi GC, Targher G (September 2009). "Increased mean platelet volume in patients with acute coronary syndromes". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 133 (9): 1441–3. doi:10.5858/133.9.1441. PMID 19722752.
  4. ^ Liu S, Ren J, Han G, Wang G, Gu G, Xia Q, Li J (October 2012). "Mean platelet volume: a controversial marker of disease activity in Crohn's disease". European Journal of Medical Research. 17 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/2047-783x-17-27. PMC 3519557. PMID 23058104.
  5. ^ Mangalesh S, Dudani S, Malik A (March 2021). "Platelet Indices and Their Kinetics Predict Mortality in Patients of Sepsis". Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion. 37 (4): 600–608. doi:10.1007/s12288-021-01411-2. PMC 7988247. PMID 33776267.
  6. ^ Gao Y, Li Y, Yu X, Guo S, Ji X, Sun T, et al. (2014-08-13). Stover CM (ed.). "The impact of various platelet indices as prognostic markers of septic shock". PLOS ONE. 9 (8): e103761. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j3761G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103761. PMC 4131909. PMID 25118886.
  7. ^ "Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome". Immune Deficiency Foundation. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  8. ^ Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA (May 28, 2011). "Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study". Thrombosis Research. 128 (4): 358–360. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007. PMID 21620440. Retrieved 2024-05-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ McClatchey KD (2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511.
  10. ^ "Paris-Trousseau syndrome". MrLabTest. Retrieved 2022-05-10.
  11. ^ Geil GD (7 August 2020). Yaish HM (ed.). "Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Workup: Approach Considerations". emedicine.staging.medscape.com. Retrieved 2018-02-22.

Further reading

[edit]
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