Proper (liturgy): Difference between revisions

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The proper (Latin: proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the liturgical year, or of a particular saint or significant event. The term is used in contrast to the ordinary, which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the common, which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as apostles or martyrs.^{[citation needed]}

Propers may include hymns and prayers in the canonical hours and in the Eucharist.^{[citation needed]}

West

The proper of the Mass, strictly speaking, consists of the Introit, Gradual, Alleluia or Tract, Sequence, Offertory, and Communion – in other words, all the variable portions of a Mass which are spoken or sung by the choir or the people.^{[citation needed]}

East

References

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Proprium" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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+{{Short description|Parts of the liturgy changing over the course of the year}}
-{{unref|date=November 2009}}
+[[File:Liturgical Calendar - June (BCP, 1863).jpg|thumb|alt=An illuminated liturgical calendar shows morning and evening readings for each day in June.|This 1863 liturgical calendar shows liturgical propers for June.]]
-The '''Proper''' (Latin ''proprium'') is a part of the [[Christian liturgy]] that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the [[Liturgical Year]], or of a particular [[saint]] or significant event.  The term is used in contrast to the ''[[Ordinary of the Mass|ordinary]]'', which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the ''[[common (liturgy)|common]]'', which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as [[Apostles]] or [[Martyr]]s.
+The '''proper''' ([[Latin]]: ''proprium'') is a part of the [[Christian liturgy]] that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the [[liturgical year]], or of a particular [[saint]] or significant event. The term is used in contrast to the ''[[Ordinary of the Mass|ordinary]]'', which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the ''[[common (liturgy)|common]]'', which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostles]] or [[martyr]]s.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
-Propers may include hymns and prayers in the [[Canonical Hours]] and in the [[Eucharist]].
+Propers may include hymns and prayers in the [[canonical hours]] and in the [[Eucharist]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
 ==West==
-The Proper of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], strictly speaking, consists of the [[Introit]], [[Gradual]], [[Alleluia]] or [[Tract (liturgy)|Tract]], [[Sequence (poetry)|Sequence]], [[Offertory]], and [[Communion (chant)|Communion]] - in other words, all the variable portions of the Mass which are spoken or sung by the choir or the people. These are sometimes called the "minor propers" to distinguish them from the [[collect]], [[secret (liturgy)|secret]], [[postcommunion]], and readings - in other words, all the variable portions of the Mass which are spoken or sung by the priest or other attendants, such as a lector or deacon. In [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Anglo-Catholic]] practice, there is a moveable portion of the service that, strictly speaking, does not form part of the proper known as the [[Accentus Ecclesiasticus|Accentus]]. Portions of the Accentus are often referred to as part of the "Proper" if they satisfy the criteria of changing by date (such as the Preface and Epistle).
+The proper of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], strictly speaking, consists of the [[Introit]], [[Gradual]], [[Alleluia]] or [[Tract (liturgy)|Tract]], [[Sequence (poetry)|Sequence]], [[Offertory]], and [[Communion (chant)|Communion]] – in other words, all the variable portions of a Mass which are spoken or sung by the choir or the people.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
 ==East==
+{{Empty section|date=March 2023}}
-In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Greek-Catholic]] Churches, the propers (also known as "sequences") at [[Vespers]] and [[Matins]] are numerous, and include [[sticheron|stichera]], [[troparion|troparia]], [[prokeimenon|prokeimena]], Paroemia ([[Old Testament]] [[lection|readings]]) and [[Matins Gospel]]s.
+==References==
-At the [[Little Hours]] they will normally include only the [[troparion]] and [[kontakion]] of the day, but during [[Great Lent]] will include hymns which vary according to the day of the week. The fullest form of the Little Hours is the [[Royal Hours]], celebrated on the eves of certain [[Great Feast]]s and [[Good Friday]]. The propers for the Royal Hours include particular psalms, hymns ([[stichera]]), paroemia, and [[Epistle]] and [[Gospel (liturgy)|Gospel]] readings.
+* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Proprium}}
-At [[Compline]], the only variable is usually the troparia which are to be read. A [[canon (hymnography)|canon]] may also be read. There are canons in honour of the [[Theotokos]] (Virgin Mary) for every day of the week according to the tone of the week found in the [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Octoechos]]. Also, if the normal daily service to a saint is displaced by some more important commemoration, such as the services in the [[Triodion]] or the [[Pentecostarion]], the saint's service will be chanted at compline, usually consisting of the saint's canon and the stichera appointed for "Lord, I have cried" at Vespers. During the first week of Great Lent, the "Great Canon" of [[Saint Andrew of Crete]] is divided into four parts, with a part chanted each night (Monday through Thursday).
-When there is no celebration of the Divine Liturgy, the [[Typica]] will be celebrated in its stead. Propers for the Typica include the troparia which would have been read at the Third [[Antiphon]] of the Liturgy, the prokiemen, Epistle, Gospel, and kontakia.
-At the [[Divine Liturgy]] propers include troparia, kontakia, prokeimena, the readings from the [[Epistle|Apostle]] and [[Gospel Book|Gospel]], the ''[[Zadostoinik]]'' or ''Megalynarion'' (hymn replacing ''[[Axion Estin|It is Truly Meet]]'', not to be confused with the [[Megalynarion]] chanted at [[Matins]]), and the [[Communion (chant)|Communion Hymn]]. On [[Great Feasts]] of the Lord there will also be special Antiphons that replace the psalms and [[beatitudes]] that normally begin the Liturgy.
-At all of the services (or at the end of an aggregate of services), the priest says a [[dismissal (liturgy)|dismissal]] (final [[blessing]]) which differs according to the day of the week. These dismissals are of two kinds: the Lesser Dismissal, which is shorter; and the Greater Dismissal, which mentions the [[saint]] of the day. Special [[dismissal (liturgy)|dismissal]]s used during [[Holy Week]] and [[Great Feasts]] of the Lord. At the end of the Divine Liturgy, the dismissal also mentions the name of the saint who composed the Liturgy: [[Basil the Great]], [[John Chrysostom]], [[Gregory the Dialogist]], or [[James, the Brother of the Lord]].
-The propers can be found in the following [[liturgical book]]s:
-*[[Euchologion]]
-*[[Horologion]]
-*[[Octoechos (liturgy)|Octoechos]]
-*[[Menaion]]
-*[[Lenten Triodion]]
-*[[Pentecostarion]]
-As well as a number of individually published services or collections.
-==External links==
-*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Proprium}}
-{{Mass}}
 {{CatholicMass|collapsed}}
+{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services]]
+[[Category:Order of Mass]]
 [[Category:Eastern Christian liturgy]]
 [[Category:Catholic liturgy]]
 [[Category:Liturgy of the Hours]]
-[[Category:Christian music]]
+[[Category:Christian liturgical music]]
-[[ru:Проприй]]