Proper (liturgy): Difference between revisions

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The proper (Latin: proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the liturgical year, or of a particular saint or significant event. The term is used in contrast to the ordinary, which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the common, which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as apostles or martyrs.^{[citation needed]}

Propers may include hymns and prayers in the canonical hours and in the Eucharist.^{[citation needed]}

West

The proper of the Mass, strictly speaking, consists of the Introit, Gradual, Alleluia or Tract, Sequence, Offertory, and Communion – in other words, all the variable portions of a Mass which are spoken or sung by the choir or the people.^{[citation needed]}

East

References

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Proprium" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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+{{Short description|Parts of the liturgy changing over the course of the year}}
-{{unreferenced|date=November 2009}}
+[[File:Liturgical Calendar - June (BCP, 1863).jpg|thumb|alt=An illuminated liturgical calendar shows morning and evening readings for each day in June.|This 1863 liturgical calendar shows liturgical propers for June.]]
-The '''proper''' (Latin ''proprium'') is a part of the [[Christian liturgy]] that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the [[liturgical year]], or of a particular [[saint]] or significant event. The term is used in contrast to the ''[[Ordinary of the Mass|ordinary]]'', which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the ''[[common (liturgy)|common]]'', which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as [[apostles]] or [[martyr]]s.
+The '''proper''' ([[Latin]]: ''proprium'') is a part of the [[Christian liturgy]] that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the [[liturgical year]], or of a particular [[saint]] or significant event. The term is used in contrast to the ''[[Ordinary of the Mass|ordinary]]'', which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the ''[[common (liturgy)|common]]'', which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostles]] or [[martyr]]s.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
-Propers may include hymns and prayers in the [[canonical hours]] and in the [[Eucharist]].
+Propers may include hymns and prayers in the [[canonical hours]] and in the [[Eucharist]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
 ==West==
-The proper of the [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]], strictly speaking, consists of the [[Introit]], [[Gradual]], [[Alleluia]] or [[Tract (liturgy)|Tract]], [[Sequence (poetry)|Sequence]], [[Offertory]], and [[Communion (chant)|Communion]] - in other words, all the variable portions of a mass which are spoken or sung by the choir or the people. These are sometimes called the "minor propers" to distinguish them from the [[collect]], [[secret (liturgy)|secret]], [[postcommunion]], and readings - in other words, all the variable portions of a mass which are spoken or sung by the priest or other attendants, such as a lector or deacon. In [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Anglo-Catholic]] practice, there is a moveable portion of the service that, strictly speaking, does not form part of the proper known as the [[Accentus Ecclesiasticus|Accentus]]. Portions of the Accentus are often referred to as part of the "proper" if they satisfy the criteria of changing by date (such as the Preface and Epistle).
+The proper of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], strictly speaking, consists of the [[Introit]], [[Gradual]], [[Alleluia]] or [[Tract (liturgy)|Tract]], [[Sequence (poetry)|Sequence]], [[Offertory]], and [[Communion (chant)|Communion]] – in other words, all the variable portions of a Mass which are spoken or sung by the choir or the people.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
-==Eastern Churches==
-In the [[Byzantine Rite]], the propers are numerous and are drawn from a large collection of liturgical books, including the [[Euchologion]], [[Horologion]], [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Octoechos]], and [[Menaion]]. During the ten-week period of [[Lent]], propers are also drawn from the [[Lenten Triodion]], and during the eight weeks after [[Pascha|Easter]], from the [[Pentecostarion]]. There are certain other books of propers as well for more specific applications, such as the [[Theotokion#Theotokarion|Theotokarion]].
+==East==
-The [[Typikon]] describes how the propers are to be used—and when commemorations overlap, how the propers are to be combined and which propers may suppress others. Each local jurisdiction has slightly different methods for laying out their services, but the following table outlines the basic propers for the services of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Greek-Catholic]] churches.
+{{Empty section|date=March 2023}}
+==References==
-{| class="wikitable"
+* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Proprium}}
-! Service
-! Variables
-|-
-| [[Vespers#Byzantine_Rite|Vespers]]
-|
-*[[Sticheron|Stichera]] (hymns on the verses) at Lord, I Have Cried (Psalms 140, 141, 129, and 116)
-*Evening [[Prokeimenon]] (gradual)
-*[[Lectionary#Old_Testament_readings|Paroemia]] (readings, usually from the Old Testament)
-*[[Aposticha]] Stichera
-*[[Apolytikion]] (dismissal hymn)
-*[[Dismissal (liturgy)|Dismissal]]
-|-
-| [[Compline#Compline_in_Byzantine_usage|Compline]]
-|
-*[[Canon (hymnography)|Canon]] to the [[Theotokos]], or to the saint of the day if a commemoration was suppressed at Vespers
-*[[Kontakion]] (hymn of the day)
-|-
-| [[Midnight Office]]
-|
-*On Sundays, the Canon to the [[Trinity]]
-|-
-| [[Canonical_hours#Byzantine_Rite_usage|Little Hours]]
-|
-*Apolytikion and Kontakion
-|-
-| [[Orthros]] (Matins)
-|
-*Apolytikion
-*Poetic [[Kathisma|Kathismata]] (hymns between readings from the [[Psalter]])
-*[[Church Fathers|Patristic]] readings (monastic tradition)
-*[[Megalynarion]] (Magnification Hymn to the saint of the day; Slavic tradition)
-*[[Song_of_Ascents#Eastern_Christianity|Anabathmoi]] (Hymns of Ascent)
-*Prokeimenon and [[Gospel]] reading
-*Canons to the saints of the day
-*Kontakion
-*[[Synaxarium|Synaxarion]] reading (the lives of the saints; Byzantine tradition)
-*[[Exapostilarion]] (Hymn of Light)
-*Stichera at the [[Lauds#Eastern_Christianity|Praises]] (Psalms 148-150)
-*Aposticha Stichera
-*Apolytikion
-*Dismissal
-|-
-| [[Divine Liturgy]]
-|
-*[[Antiphon|Antiphons]]
-*Eisodikon ([[Entrance (liturgical)|Entrance]] Hymn)
-*Apolytikion and Kontakion
-*Prokeimenon
-*[[Epistle]] reading
-*[[Alleluia#Byzantine_rite|Alleluiarion]]
-*Gospel reading
-*Megalynarion ([[Axion Estin|Hymn to the Mother of God]])
-*[[Communion_(chant)|Koinonikon]] (Communion Verse)
-*Post-communion hymn
-*Prayer Behind the [[Ambon (liturgy)|Ambon]] (closing prayer)
-*Dismissal
-|}
-==External links==
-*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Proprium}}
-{{Mass}}
 {{CatholicMass|collapsed}}
+{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:Christian liturgical elements]]
+[[Category:Order of Mass]]
 [[Category:Eastern Christian liturgy]]
 [[Category:Catholic liturgy]]
 [[Category:Liturgy of the Hours]]
-[[Category:Christian music]]
+[[Category:Christian liturgical music]]