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{{short description|Impurities in molten metal}}
{{For|the Austrian municipality|Droß}}
{{for-multi|the Austrian municipality|Droß|the Venezuelan YouTuber|Dross (YouTuber)}}
[[File:Aluminium dross2.png|Aluminium dross|right|thumb]]
[[File:Aluminium dross2.png|Aluminium dross|right|thumb]]
'''Dross''' is a [[mass]] of [[solid]] [[impurity|impurities]] floating on a [[molten metal]] or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-[[melting-point]] metals such as [[tin]], [[lead]], [[zinc]] or [[aluminium]] or [[alloy]]s by [[oxidation]] of the metal. For higher melting point metals such as steel, oxidized impurities melt and float making them easy to pour off.
'''Dross''' is a [[mass]] of [[solid]] [[impurity|impurities]] floating on a [[molten metal]] or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-[[melting-point]] metals such as [[tin]], [[lead]], [[zinc]] or [[aluminium]] or [[alloy]]s by [[oxidation]] of the metal. For higher melting point metals and alloys such as [[steel]] and [[silver]], oxidized impurities melt and float making them easy to pour off.


With [[wrought iron]], hammering and later [[Rolling (metalworking)|rolling]] removed some dross.<ref>{{cite book
With [[wrought iron]], hammering and later [[Rolling (metalworking)|rolling]] remove some dross.<ref>{{cite book
|title=The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present
|title=The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present
|last=Landes
|last=Landes
|first=David S.
|first=David S.
|authorlink=David Landes
|authorlink=David Landes
|coauthors=
|year=1969|publisher=Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
|year=1969|publisher=Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
|location=Cambridge, New York
|location=Cambridge, New York
|isbn= 0-521-09418-6|pages=91
|isbn= 0-521-09418-6|pages=91
|postscript= <!--None--> }}</ref>
}}</ref>
With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding [[sodium hydroxide]] pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a [[slag]]. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.
With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding [[sodium hydroxide]] pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a [[slag]]. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.


Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, [[aluminium dross recycling|aluminium dross can be recycled]] and is used in secondary [[steelmaking]] for slag [[deoxidizer|deoxidation]].<ref>{{Citation | last = Kogel | first = Jessica Elzea | last2 = Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration | title = Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses | page = 1406 | publisher = SME | year = 2006 | edition = 7th | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA1406 | isbn = 978-0-87335-233-8 | postscript =.}}</ref>
Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from [[slag]], which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, [[aluminium dross recycling|aluminium dross can be recycled]] and is also used in secondary [[steelmaking]] for slag [[deoxidizer|deoxidation]].<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Kogel | first1 = Jessica Elzea | last2 = Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration | title = Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses | page = 1406 | publisher = SME | year = 2006 | edition = 7th | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA1406 | isbn = 978-0-87335-233-8 | postscript =.}}</ref>


==Etymology and usage==
==Etymology and usage==
The term ''dross'' derives from the [[Old English]] word ''dros'', meaning the scum produced when smelting metals. By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.<ref name="dr">{{cite web|title=Dross|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=dross|work=www.etymologyonline.com}}</ref> ''Dregs'',<ref name="dr"/> and the geological term [[Druse (geology)|''druse'']] are also thought to be etymologically related.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kf8n2v9ZjxIC|title=Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language|year=1875|publisher=W & R Chambers|pages=142}}</ref> The most popular usage of the word is now as an adjective for poorly written or even plagiarized journalism.
The term ''dross'' derives from the [[Old English]] word ''dros'', meaning the scum produced when smelting metals (extracting them from their ores). By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.<ref name="dr">{{cite web|title=Dross|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=dross|work=www.etymologyonline.com}}</ref> ''Dregs'',<ref name="dr"/> and the geological term [[Druse (geology)|''druse'']] are also thought to be etymologically related.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kf8n2v9ZjxIC|title=Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language|year=1875|publisher=W & R Chambers|pages=142|isbn=9781402168093}}</ref> Popular non-[[metalworking]] uses of the word are derogatory:
*poorly written or plagiarized journalism - "a dross article"; "utter/complete/terrible dross" (adjective/noun), a stronger term than ''[[wikt:filler|filler]]''
*undesirable, unprofitable work - "let's hone in on the [[lion's share]] and outsource the dross"; synonyms: [[corvée]] and [[drudgery]] which are growing [[archaism]]s in business<ref>[[wikt:dross|"dross"]] ''en.wiktionary.org''</ref> (noun); as strong a term as ''[[wikt:dogsbody|dogsbody]] work''


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wiktionary}}
*[http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=2150 AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling]
*[https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2150 AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling]
* Herbert F. Lund. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gIn8o0b6zj0C&pg=PT975&dq=aluminium+dross++recycling&ei=fR_zSu6MDYSOygTCxPSmDw&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=&f=false The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook]. Chapter 37.23: [[United Kingdom]]: [[European Union]] Directive Precipitates [[Aluminum]] "Dross" [[Recycling]].
* Herbert F. Lund. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gIn8o0b6zj0C&dq=aluminium+dross++recycling&pg=PT975 The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook]. Chapter 37.23: [[United Kingdom]]: [[European Union]] Directive Precipitates [[Aluminum]] "Dross" [[Recycling]].
* [http://www.smartwaste.co.uk/filelibrary/Cement_aluminium_dross.pdf Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement]
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120307083316/http://www.pyrogenesis.com/pdfs/pyro_drosite.pdf DrosRite Aluminum Recycling Process]
* [https://dross.net/ Website of the Dross:Network]


{{Metalworking navbox|castopen}}
{{Metalworking navbox|castopen}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Casting (manufacturing)]]
[[Category:Casting (manufacturing)]]

Latest revision as of 13:30, 18 June 2024

For the Austrian municipality, see Droß. For the Venezuelan YouTuber, see Dross (YouTuber).
Aluminium dross

Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal. For higher melting point metals and alloys such as steel and silver, oxidized impurities melt and float making them easy to pour off.

With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling remove some dross.[1] With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.

Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is also used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.[2]

Etymology and usage

[edit]

The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals (extracting them from their ores). By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.[3] Dregs,[3] and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related.[4] Popular non-metalworking uses of the word are derogatory:

  • poorly written or plagiarized journalism - "a dross article"; "utter/complete/terrible dross" (adjective/noun), a stronger term than filler
  • undesirable, unprofitable work - "let's hone in on the lion's share and outsource the dross"; synonyms: corvée and drudgery which are growing archaisms in business[5] (noun); as strong a term as dogsbody work

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Landes, David S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 91. ISBN 0-521-09418-6.
  2. ^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (2006), Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th ed.), SME, p. 1406, ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b "Dross". www.etymologyonline.com.
  4. ^ Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. W & R Chambers. 1875. p. 142. ISBN 9781402168093.
  5. ^ "dross" en.wiktionary.org
[edit]
Look up dross in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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