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{{Short description|American jazz saxophonist}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2010}}
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{{other people|Fred Anderson}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
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'''Fred Anderson''' (March 22, 1929 – June 24, 2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fred-Anderson |title=Fred Anderson: American musician |website=Britannica.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> was an American [[jazz]] tenor saxophonist who was based in Chicago, Illinois.<ref>{{Cite book|last= Cook|first= Richard|year= 2005|title= Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia|publisher= Penguin Books|location= London|isbn= 0-141-00646-3|pages= 14}}</ref> Anderson's playing was rooted in the [[swing music]] and [[hard bop]] idioms,<ref name="jazzinchicago">{{cite web |url=https://jazzinchicago.org/a-conversation-with-fred-anderson-2 |title=A Conversation with Fred Anderson |last=Vega |first=Lazaro |date=May 15, 2002 |website=JazzInChicago.org |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name="allmusic_bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fred-anderson-mn0000559501/biography |title=Fred Anderson: Biography |last=Wynn |first=Ron |website=Allmusic.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> but he also incorporated innovations from [[free jazz]].<ref name="allmusic_bio" /> Anderson was also noted for having mentored numerous young musicians.<ref name="npr">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/ablogsupreme/2010/06/25/128117326/fred-anderson-more-than-just-a-saxophone-player |title=Fred Anderson: A Mentor To Many |last=Jarenwattananon |first=Patrick |date=June 25, 2010 |website=NPR.org |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Critic [[Ben Ratliff]] called him "a father figure of experimental jazz in Chicago".<ref name="ratliff_nyt">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/03/arts/jazz-review-reveling-in-rhythm-without-succumbing.html |title=JAZZ REVIEW; Reveling in Rhythm Without Succumbing |last=Ratliff |first=Ben |date=June 3, 1999 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Writer John Corbett referred to him as "scene caretaker, underground booster, indefatigable cultural worker, quiet force for good."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/fred-anderson-obituary-chicago-jazz/Content?oid=2044452 |title=The House That Fred Built |last=Corbett |first=John |date=July 1, 2010 |website=ChicagoReader.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> In 2001, author John Litweiler called Anderson "the finest tenor saxophonist in free jazz/underground jazz/outside jazz today."<ref name="jazztimes">{{cite web |url=https://jazztimes.com/archives/fred-anderson |title=Fred Anderson |last=Litweiler |first=John |date=December 1, 2001 |website=JazzTimes.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>
'''Fred Anderson''' (March 22, 1929 &ndash; June 24, 2010) was an American [[jazz]] tenor saxophonist who was based in Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="RCJE">{{Cite book| last = Cook| first = Richard| author-link =| year = 2005| title = Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia| publisher = Penguin Books| location = London| isbn = 0-141-00646-3| pages = 14}}</ref> Anderson's playing was rooted in the [[swing music]] and [[hard bop]] idioms, but he also incorporated innovations from [[free jazz]], rendering him, as critics [[Ron Wynn]] and Joslyn Layne<ref>Ron Wynn & Joslyn Layne, "[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p7951|pure_url=yes}} Fred Anderson]".</ref> have written, "a seminal figure among Chicago musicians in the '60s."


==Biography==
==Biography==


Anderson was born in [[Monroe, Louisiana]].<ref name="power25">{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=25 }}</ref> When he was ten, his parents separated,<ref name="power25" /> and he moved to [[Evanston, Illinois]],<ref name="feather">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Feather |first1=Leonard |last2=Gitler |first2=Ira |title=Anderson, Fred Jr. |encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz |date=1999 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |pages=19}}</ref> where he initially lived with his mother and aunt in a one-room apartment.<ref name="power25" /> When Anderson was a teenager, a friend introduced him to the music of [[Charlie Parker]], and he soon decided he wanted to play saxophone, purchasing his first instrument for $45.<ref name="power26">{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=26 }}</ref> He listened to [[Lester Young]], [[Johnny Hodges]], [[Dexter Gordon]], [[Gene Ammons]], and [[Illinois Jacquet]], all of whom would influence his playing. He also heard Young and Parker in concert on multiple occasions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=25–26 }}</ref> Unlike many musicians at the time, Anderson did not play with dance bands or school ensembles, and instead focused on practicing, taking private lessons, and studying music theory at the [[Roy Knapp (musician)|Roy Knapp]] Conservatory in Chicago, all the while supporting his family by working as a waiter.<ref name="power26" /> He also began making an effort to develop a personal sound on his instrument, with the goal of combining Ammons' "big sound" with Parker's speed.<ref name="musicianguide">{{cite web |url=https://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608002853/Fred-Anderson.html |title=Fred Anderson Biography |last=Brennan |first=Gerald E. |website=Musicianguide.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Regarding Parker's influence, Anderson stated: "I tried to figure out how he was doing certain things - not so much the notes that he was playing. He had a unique way about placing things."<ref name="allmusic_due">{{cite web |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/fred-anderson-finally-gets-his-due-and-his-records-back-in-print-fred-anderson-by-todd-r-brown.php |title=Fred Anderson Finally Gets His Due: And His Records Back In Print |last=Brown |first=Todd R. |date=January 13, 2003 |website=AllAboutJazz.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> He also recalled: "Charlie Parker was one of the freest musicians I had ever heard... [his] technique was superb. Each one of the notes would just come out and hit you... His music was so involved. It was hard. It's still hard."<ref name="allboutjazz_run">{{cite web |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/fred-anderson-on-the-run-fred-anderson-by-jeff-stockton.php |title=Fred Anderson: On the Run |last=Stockton |first=Jeff |date=June 18, 2005 |website=AllAboutJazz.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> At around this time, he began to develop a series of exercises which he incorporated into his daily practice routine, and which eventually became a book titled "Exercises for the Creative Musician".<ref name="allboutjazz_run" /><ref name="guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/jul/04/fred-anderson-obituary |title=Fred Anderson obituary |last=Fordham |first=John |date=July 4, 2010 |website=TheGuardian.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>
Anderson was born [[Monroe, Louisiana|Monroe]], [[Louisiana]]. He grew up in the [[Southern United States]] and learned to play the saxophone by himself when he was a teenager.<ref name="mg">[http://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608002853/Fred-Anderson.html Fred Anderson Biography] Musician Guide</ref> Anderson moved his family to [[Evanston, Illinois]] in the 1940s. He studied music formally at the Roy Knapp Conservatory in [[Chicago]], and had a private teacher for a short time.<ref name="mg"/> Fred worked installing carpet for decades to sustain his music and his family, before opening up a succession of important Chicago nightclubs. Despite Anderson's prominence as an avant-garde musician, his guiding inspiration was [[Charlie Parker]], portraits of whom are prominently displayed at Anderson's club, the [[Velvet Lounge]].


In the early 1960s, Anderson began listening to and studying the music of [[Ornette Coleman]], and immediately related Coleman's playing to that of [[Charlie Parker]]. He recalled: "When I heard Ornette Coleman back in those days... I knew exactly what he was doing. It wasn’t strange to me. I knew exactly where he was coming from."<ref name="jazzinchicago" /> At around this time, influenced by Coleman, he formed a piano-less band with trumpeter Bill Brimfield, with whom he had been practicing since 1957, bassist Bill Fletcher, and drummer Vernon Thomas,<ref name="musicianguide" /> playing a mixture of bebop standards and Anderson originals.<ref name="criticalimprov">{{cite journal |url=https://www.criticalimprov.com/index.php/csieci/article/view/1020/1860 |title='Patience, Sincerity, and Consistency': Fred Anderson's Musical and Social Practices |last=Steinbeck |first=Paul |journal=Critical Studies in Improvisation |year=2010 |volume=6 |issue=2 |doi=10.21083/csieci.v6i2.1020 |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> In 1963, Anderson began participating in weekly jam sessions in Chicago, where he met [[Roscoe Mitchell]], [[Joseph Jarman]], and [[Muhal Richard Abrams|Richard Abrams]], with whom he began discussing the idea of forming a new organization to promote their music.<ref name="criticalimprov" /> In 1965, the [[Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians|AACM]] was born,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=115 }}</ref> with Anderson as one of its earliest members. (As per [[George E. Lewis]], Anderson was not a charter member, but attended the early meetings and got in on the ground floor.)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=528 }}</ref> On August 16, 1965, Anderson played on the first AACM event as part of the [[Joseph Jarman]] Quintet, which also featured Brimfield as well as bassist [[Charles Clark (musician)|Charles Clark]] and drummer Arthur Reed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=118 }}</ref> In late 1966, Anderson participated in the recording of Jarman's debut album, ''[[Song For]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Joseph-Jarman-Song-For/release/755889 |title= Joseph Jarman – Song For |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> and in 1968, he played on Jarman's ''[[As If It Were the Seasons]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Joseph-Jarman-As-If-It-Were-The-Seasons/release/3026846 |title= Joseph Jarman – As If It Were The Seasons |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> Both albums were released on the [[Delmark Records|Delmark]] label.
He was an important member of the [[Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians]] (AACM). In the early 1960s Anderson formed his own group, playing his original compositions, with Vernon Thomas on drums, Bill Fletcher on bass, and his partner for many years, the Chicago jazz trumpeter [[Billy Brimfield]].<ref name="mg"/>


In the late 1960s, when many of his AACM colleagues moved to Europe, Anderson chose to remain behind, supporting his wife and three young children by working at a rug company, practicing his instrument, and heading the AACM's Evanston chapter with Brimfield.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=287 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=293 }}</ref><ref name="musicianguide" /> Around 1972 he formed the Fred Anderson Sextet, with trombonist [[George E. Lewis]], reedist [[Douglas Ewart]], bassist Felix Blackmon, drummer [[Hamid Drake]] (then known as Hank), and vocalist [[Iqua Colson]], all of whom were much younger than Anderson.<ref name="power321">{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=321 }}</ref> Paul Steinbeck of the [[University of Chicago]] wrote: "These performers were a full generation younger than Anderson and comparatively inexperienced, yet he granted them considerable creative agency as members of his band... The expressive multiplicity and non-hierarchic social structure promoted by Anderson made his 1970s band resemble a 'mutuality' - a special kind of collective enterprise that requires its members to achieve a 'high degree of autonomy' while maintaining a sense of 'full partner[ship]'... Anderson’s inclusiveness and ardent support of his collaborators' creative development performed a crucial leveling function, partially erasing generational boundaries and also re-focusing the group on their autonomous, continually unfolding expressive aims."<ref name="criticalimprov" /> [[George E. Lewis]] recalled: "Fred let you play as long as you wanted, and you could try out anything."<ref name="power321" />
Anderson appeared on several notable avant garde albums in the 1960s, notably the seminal [[Delmark]] recordings of saxophonist [[Joseph Jarman]], ''[[As If It Were the Seasons]]'' (1968), and ''[[Song For]]'' (1966), which includes Anderson's composition "Little Fox Run."


In February 1977, Anderson and Brimfield visited Europe, where they recorded ''Accents'' with the Austrian trio ''Neighbours'' (pianist Dieter Glawischnig, bassist Ewald Oberleitner, and drummer Joe Preininger).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Neighbours-Accents/release/2440787 |title=Neighbours - Accents |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> In May of that year, Anderson opened a venue in Chicago that he named the ''Birdhouse'', named after Charlie Parker.<ref name="musicianguide" /> Unfortunately, Anderson encountered resistance and harassment from officials and people in the neighborhood, who were suspicious of his motives, and he ended up closing the club a year later.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=448 }}</ref><ref name="musicianguide" /><ref name="jazztimes" /> In 1978, Anderson visited Europe again with a quintet, playing at the Moers festival, where he recorded ''Another Place'', his first album as a leader.<ref name="musicianguide" /><ref name="jazztimes" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Fred-Anderson-Quintet-Another-Place/release/2276980 |title= Fred Anderson Quintet – Another Place |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> In 1979, he recorded ''[[Dark Day (Fred Anderson album)|Dark Day]]'' with Brimfield, bassist Steven Palmore, and drummer [[Hamid Drake]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Fred-Anderson-Quartet-Dark-Day/release/1565651 |title= Fred Anderson - Dark Day |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> and ''[[The Missing Link (Fred Anderson album)|The Missing Link]]'' with bassist Larry Hayrod, [[Hamid Drake|Drake]], and percussionist [[Adam Rudolph]]. (The second album was not released until 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Fred-Anderson-The-Missing-Link/release/2276945 |title= Fred Anderson - The Missing Link |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>)
Around 1972 he put together the Fred Anderson Sextet, with trombonist [[George Lewis (trombonist)|George Lewis]], reedist [[Douglas Ewart]], bassist Felix Blackman, drummer [[Hamid Drake]] and Iqua Colson on vocals, playing in and around Chicago.<ref name="Liner notes">''Black Horn Long Gone'' Original Liner Notes</ref>


In 1982, Anderson took over ownership of a bar in Chicago called the [[Velvet Lounge]], and transformed it into a center for the city's jazz and experimental music scenes, hosting Sunday jam sessions and numerous concerts. The club expanded and relocated in the summer of 2006.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis |first=George E.|year=2008 |title=A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=513 }}</ref> According to John Fordham, "The venue became a spiritual home to many musicians who shared the uncommercial player's perennial need for an intimate space run by, and for, the people who cared."<ref name="guardian" /> Regarding the environment at the Velvet Lounge, Paul Steinbeck wrote, "Under Anderson's supervision, participating musicians were encouraged to develop performance methodologies that were 'contributive, not competitive'... the musical and social practices that had characterized Anderson's bands since the 1960s were transmitted, in whole or in part, to a broader network of performers and listeners."<ref name="criticalimprov" />
Anderson toured Europe with Brimfield in 1977, recording as guests ''Accents'' with the Austrian trio Neighbours on MRC label. He back again in 1978 with his own group with Brimfield, [[George Lewis (trombonist)|George Lewis]], and [[Hamid Drake]] and hooked up with bassist Brian Smith at the Moers Festival in Germany for his first record as leader, ''Another Place''.<ref name="Liner notes"/>


Though he remained an active performer, Anderson rarely recorded for about a decade beginning in the early 1980s.<ref name="allmusic_bio" /> (Recordings from this sparse period include ''[[Vintage Duets]]'' with drummer [[Steve McCall (drummer)|Steve McCall]], recorded in 1980 but not released until 1994,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Fred-Anderson-Steve-McCall-Vintage-Duets-Chicago-1-11-80/release/2543183 |title=Fred Anderson / Steve McCall - Vintage Duets: Chicago 1-11-80 |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> and ''[[The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 1]]'', with Brimfield, Drake, and bassist Larry Hayrod, also recorded in 1980 but not released until 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Fred-Anderson-Quartet-The-Milwaukee-Tapes-Vol-1/release/1114861 |title=Fred Anderson Quartet – The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 1 |website=Discogs.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>) In 1990, however, he received the first Jazz Masters Fellowship from Arts Midwest,<ref name="jazztimes" /> and by the mid-1990s, he resumed a more active recording schedule, both as a solo artist, and in collaboration with younger performers, such as pianist [[Marilyn Crispell]] (''[[Destiny (Marilyn Crispell album)|Destiny]]''), with whom he toured in 1994,<ref name="jazztimes" /> and often with familiar colleagues such as [[Hamid Drake]] and Bill Brimfield. In 1999, Anderson and [[Von Freeman]] appeared as soloists with a 30-piece orchestra in a performance of a work composed and conducted by [[Edward Wilkerson]] at the [[Chicago Jazz Festival]].<ref name="jazztimes" /> In 2002, the festival honored Anderson, and he appeared as a soloist with the ''NOW Orchestra'', conducted by [[George E. Lewis]], and featuring Bill Brimfield and [[Roscoe Mitchell]].<ref name="allmusic_due" /> Meanwhile, the [[Velvet Lounge]] became internationally known, attracting artists from around the world.<ref name="musicianguide" /> In 2005, the [[Vision Festival]] presented ''Fred Anderson Day'' in his honor,<ref name="allboutjazz_run" /> and in 2009, the [[Velvet Lounge]] hosted an 80th-birthday celebration featuring four sets of music from some of Chicago's top jazz artists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jazzchicago.net/reviews/2009/Fred80.html |title=Fred Anderson 80th Birthday |last=Walseth |first=Brad |date=March 21, 2009 |website=JazzChicago.net |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2302780 |title=Fred Anderson 80th Birthday Bash: Live at the Velvet Lounge (2009) |date=September 22, 2009 |website=Imdb.com |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> He continued to record and tour throughout the 2000s, and continued mentoring countless younger musicians, including [[Harrison Bankhead]], [[Nicole Mitchell (musician)|Nicole Mitchell]], and [[Dee Alexander]],<ref name="nytobit">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/27/us/27cncanderson.html |title=A Jazz Great Who Left More Than His Music |last=Tesser |first=Neil |date=June 26, 2010 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name="npr" /> stating "My role in the city is to keep young musicians playing. I will always have a place for them to play."<ref name="allboutjazz_run" /> He died on June 24, 2010, at the age of 81,<ref name="nytobit" /> and was survived by two sons, Michael and Eugene (a third son, Kevin, predeceased him), as well as five grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.<ref name="guardian" /> He was scheduled to perform the day he died.<ref name="npr" />
Anderson opened his short-lived performance-workshop space Birdhouse around 1977, in honor of [[Charlie Parker]], and closed the place in 1978.<ref name="mg"/> In 1983, he took over ownership of the Velvet Lounge in Chicago, which quickly became a center for the city's jazz and experimental music scenes. The club expanded and relocated in the summer of 2006. Before that, his eclectic [[Beehive]] bar in west [[Chicago]] was a draw where musicians from around the world drank beer and played, mostly for each other.

Though he remained an active performer, Anderson recorded rarely for about a decade beginning in the mid-1980s. By the 1990s, however, he resumed a more active recording schedule, both as a solo artist, and in collaboration with younger performers, notably drummer [[Hamid Drake]].

Anderson acted as mentor to young musicians who have gone on to prominent careers in music, either by featuring them in his groups or as performers at the Velvet Lounge. The list of musicians who he helped bring to public attention includes Hamid Drake, [[Harrison Bankhead]], [[David Boykin]], [[Nicole Mitchell (musician)|Nicole Mitchell]], [[Justin Dillard]], [[Aaron Getsug]], [[Joshua Abrams (musician)|Josh Abrams]], Fred Jackson, Jr., [[George Lewis (trombonist)|George Lewis]], [[Karl E. H. Seigfried]], [[Isaiah Sharkey]], and [[Isaiah Spencer]]. His son, Eugene Anderson, is a drummer.


==Discography==
==Discography==
Line 50: Line 47:
|''Another Place''
|''Another Place''
|Moers
|Moers
|Quintet, with Billy Brimfield (trumpet), [[George Lewis (trombonist)|George Lewis]] (trombone), Brian Smith (bass), [[Hamid Drake]] (drums)
|Quintet, with Billy Brimfield (trumpet), [[George E. Lewis]] (trombone), Brian Smith (bass), [[Hamid Drake]] (drums)
|-
|-
|1979
|1979
Line 115: Line 112:
|''[[Duets 2001]]''
|''[[Duets 2001]]''
|[[Thrill Jockey]]
|[[Thrill Jockey]]
|Duo with Robert Barry (drums)
|Duo with [[Robert Barry (musician)|Robert Barry]] (drums)
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
Line 144: Line 141:
|2007
|2007
|''[[The Great Vision Concert]]''
|''[[The Great Vision Concert]]''
|Ayler
|[[Ayler Records|Ayler]]
|Duo with Harrison Bankhead (bass)
|Duo with Harrison Bankhead (bass)
|-
|-
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|Delmark
|Delmark
|With Kidd Jordan (tenor sax), Jeff Parker (guitar), Harrison Bankhead (bass), Chad Taylor (drums)
|With Kidd Jordan (tenor sax), Jeff Parker (guitar), Harrison Bankhead (bass), Chad Taylor (drums)
|-
|2009
|''[[Birthday Live 2000]]''
|Asian Improv Records
|With [[Tatsu Aoki]] (bass), Chad Taylor (drums)
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
Line 176: Line 178:
|Southport
|Southport
|Trio, with [[Malachi Favors]] (bass), Ajaramu (AJ Shelton) (drums). Recorded in 1993
|Trio, with [[Malachi Favors]] (bass), Ajaramu (AJ Shelton) (drums). Recorded in 1993
|-
|2015
|''Quintessential Birthday Trio Vol. II''
|Asian Improv
|Trio, with Tatsu Aoki (bass), Chad Taylor (drums).
|-
|2016
|''Fred Anderson Quartet Volume IV''
|Asian Improv
|Quartet, with Tim O'Dell (saxophones), Tatsu Aoki (bass), Avreeayl Ra (drums). Recorded in 2010.
|-
|2019
|''Fred Anderson Quartet – Live Volume V''
|FPE
|Quartet, with [[Toshinori Kondo]] (trumpet, electronics), Tatsu Aoki (bass), Hamid Drake (drums). Recorded in 1994.
|-
|2023
|''The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 2''
|Corbett vs. Dempsey
|Quartet, with Billie Brimfield (trumpet), Larry Hayrod (bass), Hamid Drake (drums). Recorded in 1980.
|}
|}


===As sideman===
===As sideman===

⚫
'''With [[Muhal Richard Abrams]]'''
* ''[[SoundDance]]'' (Pi, 2011)

'''With The [[Art Ensemble of Chicago]]'''
* ''Live at Earshot Jazz Festival, 2002'' (Milo Records, 2006)
* ''Peace Be Unto You'' (AECO, 2008)

'''With [[Joseph Jarman]]'''
'''With [[Joseph Jarman]]'''
* ''[[Song For]]'' (Delmark, 1967)
* ''[[Song For]]'' (Delmark, 1967)
* ''[[As If It Were the Seasons]]'' (Delmark, 1968)
* ''[[As If It Were the Seasons]]'' (Delmark, 1968)

⚫
'''With [[Neighbours]]'''
'''With [[Misha Mengelberg]]'''
* ''Two Days In Chicago'' (hatOLOGY, 1999)

'''With Neighbours'''
* ''Accents'' (MRC, 1978)
* ''Accents'' (MRC, 1978)

'''With [[Matana Roberts]]'''
* ''[[The Chicago Project]]'' (Central Control, 2008)

'''With [[Irene Schweizer]] and [[Hamid Drake]]'''
'''With [[Irene Schweizer]] and [[Hamid Drake]]'''
* ''[[Willisau & Taktlos]]'' (Intakt, 2007)
* ''[[Willisau & Taktlos]]'' (Intakt, 2007)

'''With [[Ken Vandermark]] and Territory Band-6'''
* ''Collide'' (Okka Disk, 2007)


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Fred Anderson (musician)}}

==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category|Fred Anderson}}
*[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p7951|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic]

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Free jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:Free jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:Nessa Records artists]]
[[Category:Nessa Records artists]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chicago]]
[[Category:Jazz musicians from Chicago]]
[[Category:Avant-garde jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:Avant-garde jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:Jazz musicians from Illinois]]
[[Category:American male jazz musicians]]
[[Category:Male jazz musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American saxophonists]]
[[Category:Okka Disk artists]]
[[Category:Delmark Records artists]]
[[Category:Thrill Jockey artists]]
[[Category:Intakt Records artists]]

Latest revision as of 14:22, 18 June 2024

For other people named Fred Anderson, see Fred Anderson (disambiguation).
Fred Anderson
Fred Anderson in 2005; photo by Seth Tisue
Fred Anderson in 2005; photo by Seth Tisue
Background information
Born(1929-03-22)March 22, 1929
Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.
DiedJune 24, 2010(2010-06-24) (aged 81)
GenresJazz
OccupationMusician
InstrumentSaxophone

Fred Anderson (March 22, 1929 – June 24, 2010)[1] was an American jazz tenor saxophonist who was based in Chicago, Illinois.[2] Anderson's playing was rooted in the swing music and hard bop idioms,[3][4] but he also incorporated innovations from free jazz.[4] Anderson was also noted for having mentored numerous young musicians.[5] Critic Ben Ratliff called him "a father figure of experimental jazz in Chicago".[6] Writer John Corbett referred to him as "scene caretaker, underground booster, indefatigable cultural worker, quiet force for good."[7] In 2001, author John Litweiler called Anderson "the finest tenor saxophonist in free jazz/underground jazz/outside jazz today."[8]

Biography

[edit]

Anderson was born in Monroe, Louisiana.[9] When he was ten, his parents separated,[9] and he moved to Evanston, Illinois,[10] where he initially lived with his mother and aunt in a one-room apartment.[9] When Anderson was a teenager, a friend introduced him to the music of Charlie Parker, and he soon decided he wanted to play saxophone, purchasing his first instrument for $45.[11] He listened to Lester Young, Johnny Hodges, Dexter Gordon, Gene Ammons, and Illinois Jacquet, all of whom would influence his playing. He also heard Young and Parker in concert on multiple occasions.[12] Unlike many musicians at the time, Anderson did not play with dance bands or school ensembles, and instead focused on practicing, taking private lessons, and studying music theory at the Roy Knapp Conservatory in Chicago, all the while supporting his family by working as a waiter.[11] He also began making an effort to develop a personal sound on his instrument, with the goal of combining Ammons' "big sound" with Parker's speed.[13] Regarding Parker's influence, Anderson stated: "I tried to figure out how he was doing certain things - not so much the notes that he was playing. He had a unique way about placing things."[14] He also recalled: "Charlie Parker was one of the freest musicians I had ever heard... [his] technique was superb. Each one of the notes would just come out and hit you... His music was so involved. It was hard. It's still hard."[15] At around this time, he began to develop a series of exercises which he incorporated into his daily practice routine, and which eventually became a book titled "Exercises for the Creative Musician".[15][16]

In the early 1960s, Anderson began listening to and studying the music of Ornette Coleman, and immediately related Coleman's playing to that of Charlie Parker. He recalled: "When I heard Ornette Coleman back in those days... I knew exactly what he was doing. It wasn’t strange to me. I knew exactly where he was coming from."[3] At around this time, influenced by Coleman, he formed a piano-less band with trumpeter Bill Brimfield, with whom he had been practicing since 1957, bassist Bill Fletcher, and drummer Vernon Thomas,[13] playing a mixture of bebop standards and Anderson originals.[17] In 1963, Anderson began participating in weekly jam sessions in Chicago, where he met Roscoe Mitchell, Joseph Jarman, and Richard Abrams, with whom he began discussing the idea of forming a new organization to promote their music.[17] In 1965, the AACM was born,[18] with Anderson as one of its earliest members. (As per George E. Lewis, Anderson was not a charter member, but attended the early meetings and got in on the ground floor.)[19] On August 16, 1965, Anderson played on the first AACM event as part of the Joseph Jarman Quintet, which also featured Brimfield as well as bassist Charles Clark and drummer Arthur Reed.[20] In late 1966, Anderson participated in the recording of Jarman's debut album, Song For,[21] and in 1968, he played on Jarman's As If It Were the Seasons.[22] Both albums were released on the Delmark label.

In the late 1960s, when many of his AACM colleagues moved to Europe, Anderson chose to remain behind, supporting his wife and three young children by working at a rug company, practicing his instrument, and heading the AACM's Evanston chapter with Brimfield.[23][24][13] Around 1972 he formed the Fred Anderson Sextet, with trombonist George E. Lewis, reedist Douglas Ewart, bassist Felix Blackmon, drummer Hamid Drake (then known as Hank), and vocalist Iqua Colson, all of whom were much younger than Anderson.[25] Paul Steinbeck of the University of Chicago wrote: "These performers were a full generation younger than Anderson and comparatively inexperienced, yet he granted them considerable creative agency as members of his band... The expressive multiplicity and non-hierarchic social structure promoted by Anderson made his 1970s band resemble a 'mutuality' - a special kind of collective enterprise that requires its members to achieve a 'high degree of autonomy' while maintaining a sense of 'full partner[ship]'... Anderson’s inclusiveness and ardent support of his collaborators' creative development performed a crucial leveling function, partially erasing generational boundaries and also re-focusing the group on their autonomous, continually unfolding expressive aims."[17] George E. Lewis recalled: "Fred let you play as long as you wanted, and you could try out anything."[25]

In February 1977, Anderson and Brimfield visited Europe, where they recorded Accents with the Austrian trio Neighbours (pianist Dieter Glawischnig, bassist Ewald Oberleitner, and drummer Joe Preininger).[26] In May of that year, Anderson opened a venue in Chicago that he named the Birdhouse, named after Charlie Parker.[13] Unfortunately, Anderson encountered resistance and harassment from officials and people in the neighborhood, who were suspicious of his motives, and he ended up closing the club a year later.[27][13][8] In 1978, Anderson visited Europe again with a quintet, playing at the Moers festival, where he recorded Another Place, his first album as a leader.[13][8][28] In 1979, he recorded Dark Day with Brimfield, bassist Steven Palmore, and drummer Hamid Drake,[29] and The Missing Link with bassist Larry Hayrod, Drake, and percussionist Adam Rudolph. (The second album was not released until 1984.[30])

In 1982, Anderson took over ownership of a bar in Chicago called the Velvet Lounge, and transformed it into a center for the city's jazz and experimental music scenes, hosting Sunday jam sessions and numerous concerts. The club expanded and relocated in the summer of 2006.[31] According to John Fordham, "The venue became a spiritual home to many musicians who shared the uncommercial player's perennial need for an intimate space run by, and for, the people who cared."[16] Regarding the environment at the Velvet Lounge, Paul Steinbeck wrote, "Under Anderson's supervision, participating musicians were encouraged to develop performance methodologies that were 'contributive, not competitive'... the musical and social practices that had characterized Anderson's bands since the 1960s were transmitted, in whole or in part, to a broader network of performers and listeners."[17]

Though he remained an active performer, Anderson rarely recorded for about a decade beginning in the early 1980s.[4] (Recordings from this sparse period include Vintage Duets with drummer Steve McCall, recorded in 1980 but not released until 1994,[32] and The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 1, with Brimfield, Drake, and bassist Larry Hayrod, also recorded in 1980 but not released until 2000.[33]) In 1990, however, he received the first Jazz Masters Fellowship from Arts Midwest,[8] and by the mid-1990s, he resumed a more active recording schedule, both as a solo artist, and in collaboration with younger performers, such as pianist Marilyn Crispell (Destiny), with whom he toured in 1994,[8] and often with familiar colleagues such as Hamid Drake and Bill Brimfield. In 1999, Anderson and Von Freeman appeared as soloists with a 30-piece orchestra in a performance of a work composed and conducted by Edward Wilkerson at the Chicago Jazz Festival.[8] In 2002, the festival honored Anderson, and he appeared as a soloist with the NOW Orchestra, conducted by George E. Lewis, and featuring Bill Brimfield and Roscoe Mitchell.[14] Meanwhile, the Velvet Lounge became internationally known, attracting artists from around the world.[13] In 2005, the Vision Festival presented Fred Anderson Day in his honor,[15] and in 2009, the Velvet Lounge hosted an 80th-birthday celebration featuring four sets of music from some of Chicago's top jazz artists.[34][35] He continued to record and tour throughout the 2000s, and continued mentoring countless younger musicians, including Harrison Bankhead, Nicole Mitchell, and Dee Alexander,[36][5] stating "My role in the city is to keep young musicians playing. I will always have a place for them to play."[15] He died on June 24, 2010, at the age of 81,[36] and was survived by two sons, Michael and Eugene (a third son, Kevin, predeceased him), as well as five grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.[16] He was scheduled to perform the day he died.[5]

Discography

[edit]

As leader

[edit]
Release year Title Label Notes
1978 Another Place Moers Quintet, with Billy Brimfield (trumpet), George E. Lewis (trombone), Brian Smith (bass), Hamid Drake (drums)
1979 Dark Day Message Quartet, with Billy Brimfield (trumpet), Steven Palmore (bass), Hamid Drake (drums)
1984 The Missing Link Nessa Quartet, with Larry Hayrod (bass), Hamid Drake (drums), Adam Rudolph (percussion). Recorded in 1979
1994 Vintage Duets Okka Disk Duo with Steve McCall (drums). Recorded in 1980
1995 Destiny Okka Disk Trio, with Marilyn Crispell (piano), Hamid Drake (drums)
1996 Birdhouse Okka Disk Quartet, with Jim Baker (piano), Harrison Bankhead (bass), Hamid Drake (drums)
1997 Fred Chicago Chamber Music Southport With Tatsu Aoki (bass), Afifi Phillard (drums), Bradley Parker-Sparrow (piano)
1997 Fred Anderson / DKV Trio Okka Disk With the DKV Trio: Hamid Drake (drums), Kent Kessler (bass), Ken Vandermark (reeds)
1999 Live at the Velvet Lounge Okka Disk Trio, with Peter Kowald (bass), Hamid Drake (percussion)
1999 Fred Anderson Quartet Volume One Asian Improv Quartet, with Bill Brimfield (trumpet), Chad Taylor (drums), Tatsu Aoki (bass)
2000 The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 1 Atavistic Quartet, with Billy Brimfield (trumpet), Larry Hayrod (bass), Hamid Drake (drums). Recorded in 1980
2000 2 Days in April Eremite Quartet, with Hamid Drake (drums), Kidd Jordan (tenor sax), William Parker (bass)
2000 Fred Anderson Quartet Volume Two Asian Improv Quartet, with Hamid Drake (drums), Jeff Parker (guitar), Tatsu Aoki (bass)
2001 Duets 2001 Thrill Jockey Duo with Robert Barry (drums)
2001 On the Run, Live at the Velvet Lounge Delmark Trio, with Tatsu Aoki (bass), Hamid Drake (drums)
2003 Back at the Velvet Lounge Delmark With Maurice Brown (trumpet), Jeff Parker (guitar), Harrison Bankhead, Tatsu Aoki (bass), Chad Taylor (drums)
2004 Back Together Again Thrill Jockey Duo with Hamid Drake (drums)
2005 Blue Winter Eremite Trio with William Parker (bass), Hamid Drake (drums)
2006 Timeless, Live at the Velvet Lounge Delmark Trio with Harrison Bankhead (bass), Hamid Drake (drums)
2007 The Great Vision Concert Ayler Duo with Harrison Bankhead (bass)
2007 From the River to the Ocean Thrill Jockey With Hamid Drake (drums), Jeff Parker (guitar), Harrison Bankhead, Josh Abrams (bass)
2008 Live at the Velvet Lounge Volume III Asian Improv Quartet, with Francis Wong (tenor sax), Chad Taylor (drums), Tatsu Aoki (bass)
2009 A Night at the Velvet Lounge Made in Chicago 2007 Estrada Poznańska Trio, with Harrison Bankhead (bass), Dushun Mosley (drums)
2009 Staying in the Game Engine Trio, with Harrison Bankhead (bass), Tim Daisy (drums)
2009 21st Century Chase Delmark With Kidd Jordan (tenor sax), Jeff Parker (guitar), Harrison Bankhead (bass), Chad Taylor (drums)
2009 Birthday Live 2000 Asian Improv Records With Tatsu Aoki (bass), Chad Taylor (drums)
2010 Black Horn Long Gone Southport Trio, with Malachi Favors (bass), Ajaramu (AJ Shelton) (drums). Recorded in 1993
2015 Quintessential Birthday Trio Vol. II Asian Improv Trio, with Tatsu Aoki (bass), Chad Taylor (drums).
2016 Fred Anderson Quartet Volume IV Asian Improv Quartet, with Tim O'Dell (saxophones), Tatsu Aoki (bass), Avreeayl Ra (drums). Recorded in 2010.
2019 Fred Anderson Quartet – Live Volume V FPE Quartet, with Toshinori Kondo (trumpet, electronics), Tatsu Aoki (bass), Hamid Drake (drums). Recorded in 1994.
2023 The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 2 Corbett vs. Dempsey Quartet, with Billie Brimfield (trumpet), Larry Hayrod (bass), Hamid Drake (drums). Recorded in 1980.

As sideman

[edit]

With Muhal Richard Abrams

With The Art Ensemble of Chicago

  • Live at Earshot Jazz Festival, 2002 (Milo Records, 2006)
  • Peace Be Unto You (AECO, 2008)

With Joseph Jarman

With Misha Mengelberg

  • Two Days In Chicago (hatOLOGY, 1999)

With Neighbours

  • Accents (MRC, 1978)

With Matana Roberts

With Irene Schweizer and Hamid Drake

With Ken Vandermark and Territory Band-6

  • Collide (Okka Disk, 2007)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Fred Anderson: American musician". Britannica.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  2. ^ Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin Books. p. 14. ISBN 0-141-00646-3.
  3. ^ a b Vega, Lazaro (May 15, 2002). "A Conversation with Fred Anderson". JazzInChicago.org. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Wynn, Ron. "Fred Anderson: Biography". Allmusic.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Jarenwattananon, Patrick (June 25, 2010). "Fred Anderson: A Mentor To Many". NPR.org. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  6. ^ Ratliff, Ben (June 3, 1999). "JAZZ REVIEW; Reveling in Rhythm Without Succumbing". The New York Times. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  7. ^ Corbett, John (July 1, 2010). "The House That Fred Built". ChicagoReader.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Litweiler, John (December 1, 2001). "Fred Anderson". JazzTimes.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  9. ^ a b c Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 25.
  10. ^ Feather, Leonard; Gitler, Ira (1999). "Anderson, Fred Jr.". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 19.
  11. ^ a b Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 26.
  12. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. pp. 25–26.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Brennan, Gerald E. "Fred Anderson Biography". Musicianguide.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  14. ^ a b Brown, Todd R. (January 13, 2003). "Fred Anderson Finally Gets His Due: And His Records Back In Print". AllAboutJazz.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  15. ^ a b c d Stockton, Jeff (June 18, 2005). "Fred Anderson: On the Run". AllAboutJazz.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  16. ^ a b c Fordham, John (July 4, 2010). "Fred Anderson obituary". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c d Steinbeck, Paul (2010). "'Patience, Sincerity, and Consistency': Fred Anderson's Musical and Social Practices". Critical Studies in Improvisation. 6 (2). doi:10.21083/csieci.v6i2.1020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  18. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 115.
  19. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 528.
  20. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 118.
  21. ^ "Joseph Jarman – Song For". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  22. ^ "Joseph Jarman – As If It Were The Seasons". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  23. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 287.
  24. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 293.
  25. ^ a b Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 321.
  26. ^ "Neighbours - Accents". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  27. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 448.
  28. ^ "Fred Anderson Quintet – Another Place". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  29. ^ "Fred Anderson - Dark Day". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  30. ^ "Fred Anderson - The Missing Link". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  31. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 513.
  32. ^ "Fred Anderson / Steve McCall - Vintage Duets: Chicago 1-11-80". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  33. ^ "Fred Anderson Quartet – The Milwaukee Tapes Vol. 1". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  34. ^ Walseth, Brad (March 21, 2009). "Fred Anderson 80th Birthday". JazzChicago.net. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  35. ^ "Fred Anderson 80th Birthday Bash: Live at the Velvet Lounge (2009)". Imdb.com. September 22, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  36. ^ a b Tesser, Neil (June 26, 2010). "A Jazz Great Who Left More Than His Music". The New York Times. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
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