Jaora State: Difference between revisions

Jaora State
जावरा रियासत
Jaora State जावरा रियासत
Princely State of British India
1818–1948
	Flag Coat of arms
	; Jaora located within the Malwa Agency near 4
Area
• 1901	1,471 km2 (568 sq mi)
Population
• 1901	84,202
Government
• Motto	"Dil o daulat" ; (Heart and wealth).
History
• Established	1818
• Independence of India	1948
	Succeeded by
India
Today part of	Madhya Pradesh, India

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Jaora State was a 13 gun-salute princely state of the British Raj. It was part of the Malwa Agency.^[2]

The total area of the princely state, with the dependencies of Piploda and Panth-Piploda, was 1,471 km² (568 sq mi). Jaora state was divided into four tehsils, Jaora, Barauda, Tal, and Barkhera. The chief crops were millets, cotton, maize and opium. The revenue of the state was Rs.8,50,000 in 1901.

History

Jaora State was established by the British and was handed over to Abdul Ghafur Muhammad Khan in 1818, so that he can maintain an army of 1,000 soldiers for the East India Company. Abdul Ghafur Khan's family was settled in Uttar Pradesh/Hindustan before migrating to Rajasthan, while they traced their ancestry to the Swati tribe.^[3]^[4] 'Abdu'l Ghafur Muhammad Khan was a cavalry officer serving the North Indian Pathan leader Muhammad Amir Khan Pindari of Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh.^[5] He later served the Holkar maharaja of Indore State and defected to the British in the Battle of Mahidpur resulting in the victory of the British and the surrender of Holkar forces.^[6] The state was confirmed by the British government in 1818 by the Treaty of Mandsaur.^[1] The Nawab of Jaora was confirmed the possession of Jaora, Sanjit, Tal, Malhargarh, Bharauda and the right to levy tribute from Piploda. The Nawab was expected to serve the British by providing them with 500 horsemen, 500 footmen and 4 artillery whenever required.^[2] Most of the soldiers and population of the Jaora State came from United Provinces of Agra and Oudh region of Hindustan.^[7] One of his fellow soldiers, Mir Zafar Ali, was an Indian Muslim of the Sadaat-e-Bara tribe, born in the Bahera village of the Fatehpur Haswa in Oudh. He gained Bilaud in the Sanjit Pargana as his jagir.^[8]^[9]

Muhammad Ismail Khan was not a good administrator and the state fell in heavy debts with a sum of 16 lakhs due. The state also had to pay nazarana fee of 2 lakhs to Holkar when a new ruler was installed and a yearly tribute of 1.6 lakhs to the British when Jaora failed to provide troops. This tribute was later reduced to 1.4 lakhs and was preferred by the state. The army was then reduced to 59 cavalry, 124 infantry and 36 irregulars. There was also a regular police force present in the state.^[10]

Nawab Muhammad Ismail (ruled 1865-1895) was an honorary major in the British Army.^[1] During the reign of Nawab Muhammad Iftekhar Ali Khan (ruled 1895-1947), Piploda became a separate state in 1924, and Panth-Piploda became a province of British India in 1942. Nawab Muhammad Usman 'Ali Khan (ruled 1947-1948) acceded to the Government of India on 15 June 1948.

Jagirdars of Jaora

The chieftains of several petty estates who once paid tribute to Amir Khan Pindari and the other surrounding powers came under the suzerainty of Jaora State after the Treaty of Mandsaur. The Jagirdars were mostly Rajputs apart from Bilaud and Numan Nagdi who were Pathans and Barha Sayyids and Sidri whose thakur was a Mahajan.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jaora". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 156.
^ ^a ^b Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 63., Digital South Asia Library
^ A. Vadivelu (1915). The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India Volume 1.
^ Jasim Khan. Being Salman.
^ Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson (1879). Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India · Volume 5, Issue 1. the Bavarian State Library (4 H.as. 1026 h-5,1). p. 357.
^ Madhya Pradesh (India) (1827). Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Hoshangabad. Government Central Press. pp. 77–78.
^ The Journal of Academy of Indian Numismatics & Sigillography Volumes 17-18. p. XXXI. Most of the population of Jaora State(founded in 1818 AD) came from the United Province and Jodhpur.
^ A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries:Volume 4, Part 1. India. Foreign and Political Department. 1909. Hakim Zafar Ali, a saiyid by caste, and a native of Bahera, a village in the district of Fatehpur Haswa, in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He was in the service of Nawab Ghafur Khan of Jaora, by whom the village of Bilaud was granted to him in Jagir.
^ A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries. p. XVIII.
^ A. Vadivelu (2011). The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India Volume 1.
^ Leading Famlies And Officials In The States Of Central India p. 136

External links

Media related to Jaora State at Wikimedia Commons
Jaora State 2 paisa coin other side, year 1893

23°38′N 75°08′E / 23.63°N 75.13°E / 23.63; 75.13

[EB1911-1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jaora". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 156.

[dsal.uchicago.edu-2] Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 63., Digital South Asia Library

[3] A. Vadivelu (1915). The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India Volume 1.

[4] Jasim Khan. Being Salman.

[5] Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson (1879). Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India · Volume 5, Issue 1. the Bavarian State Library (4 H.as. 1026 h-5,1). p. 357.

[GazHoshangabad-6] Madhya Pradesh (India) (1827). Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Hoshangabad. Government Central Press. pp. 77–78.

[7] The Journal of Academy of Indian Numismatics & Sigillography Volumes 17-18. p. XXXI. Most of the population of Jaora State(founded in 1818 AD) came from the United Province and Jodhpur.

[8] A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries:Volume 4, Part 1. India. Foreign and Political Department. 1909. Hakim Zafar Ali, a saiyid by caste, and a native of Bahera, a village in the district of Fatehpur Haswa, in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He was in the service of Nawab Ghafur Khan of Jaora, by whom the village of Bilaud was granted to him in Jagir.

[9] A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries. p. XVIII.

[10] A. Vadivelu (2011). The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India Volume 1.

[11] Leading Famlies And Officials In The States Of Central India p. 136

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Princely state of India}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 |subdivision = [[Princely State]]
 |era =
-|year_start = 1817
+|year_start = 1818
 |date_start =
 |event_start=
@@ Line 28: / Line 29: @@
 |stat_year1 = 1901
 |stat_pop1 = 84,202
-|today     =  [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
+|today     =  [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]<ref name="EB1911"/>
-|footnotes = {{EB1911|wstitle=Jaora}}
 }}
 [[File:India1 526.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ratlami Gate, Jaora]]
-[[File:Flag of Jaora State 1865 - 1895.png|thumb|right|200px|The Jaora state flag was a green triangle between 1865 and 1895.]]
+[[File:Flag of the Princely State of Jaora.svg|thumb|right|200px|The Jaora state flag was a green triangle between 1865 and 1895.]]
-'''Jaora State''' was a [[Salute state|13 gun-salute]] [[princely state]] of the [[British Raj]]. It was part of the [[Malwa Agency]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_069.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 63.], Digital South Asia Library</ref>
+'''Jaora State''' was a [[Salute state|13 gun-salute]] [[princely state]] of the [[British Raj]]. It was part of the [[Malwa Agency]].<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_069.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 63.], Digital South Asia Library</ref>
 The total area of the princely state, with the dependencies of [[Piploda]] and [[Panth-Piploda]], was {{convert|1471|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Jaora state was divided into four [[tehsil]]s, Jaora, Barauda, [[Tal, Madhya Pradesh|Tal]], and Barkhera. The chief crops were [[millet]]s, [[cotton]], [[maize]] and [[opium]]. The revenue of the state was Rs.8,50,000 in 1901.
 ==History==
+Jaora State was established by the British and was handed over to Abdul Ghafur Muhammad Khan in 1818, so that he can maintain an army of 1,000 soldiers for the [[East India Company]]. Abdul Ghafur Khan's family was settled in [[Uttar Pradesh]]/[[Hindustan]] before migrating to Rajasthan, while they traced their ancestry to the [[Swati tribe]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeeRRf0EhnIC&dq=jaora+ghafur+khan+swat&pg=PA220 |title= The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India Volume 1 |author= A. Vadivelu |date=1915 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2jgHCwAAQBAJ&dq=tajik+tribe+swat&pg=PT48 |title= Being Salman |author= Jasim Khan }}</ref> 'Abdu'l Ghafur Muhammad Khan was a cavalry officer serving the [[Pathans of Uttar Pradesh|North Indian Pathan]] leader [[Muhammad Amir Khan]] Pindari of [[Sambhal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_y9CNdgm8EC&dq=ali+muhammad+indian+indian+pathans&pg=PA357 |title=Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India · Volume 5, Issue 1 |date=1879 |publisher=the Bavarian State Library (4 H.as. 1026 h-5,1) |page=357 |author=Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson}}</ref> He later served the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] maharaja of [[Indore State]] and defected to the British in the [[Battle of Mahidpur]] resulting in the victory of the British and the surrender of Holkar forces.<ref name="GazHoshangabad">{{cite book |author=Madhya Pradesh (India) |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Hoshangabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqE8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA77 |year=1827 |publisher=Government Central Press |pages=77–78 }}</ref> The state was confirmed by the [[British India|British]] government in 1818 by the Treaty of Mandsaur.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Jaora|volume=15|page=156}}</ref> The Nawab of Jaora was confirmed the possession of Jaora, Sanjit, Tal, Malhargarh, Bharauda and the right to levy tribute from Piploda. The Nawab was expected to serve the British by providing them with 500 horsemen, 500 footmen and 4 artillery whenever required.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> Most of the soldiers and population of the Jaora State came from [[Uttar Pradesh|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]] region of [[Hindustan]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vUtmAAAAMAAJ&q=Jaora+State+rohilla |page=XXXI |quote=Most of the population of Jaora State(founded in 1818 AD) came from the United Province and Jodhpur.  |title=The Journal of Academy of Indian Numismatics & Sigillography Volumes 17-18}}</ref> One of his fellow soldiers, Mir Zafar Ali, was an Indian Muslim of the [[Sadaat-e-Bara]] tribe, born in the Bahera village of the [[Fatehpur district|Fatehpur Haswa]] in [[Oudh]]. He gained Bilaud in the Sanjit Pargana as his jagir.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=l5-icpaKp6UC&dq=nawab+jaora+united+provinces&pg=RA1-PA405 |title= A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries:Volume 4, Part 1 |publisher=India. Foreign and Political Department  |date=1909 |quote=Hakim Zafar Ali, a saiyid by caste, and a native of Bahera, a village in the district of Fatehpur Haswa, in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He was in the service of Nawab Ghafur Khan of Jaora, by whom the village of Bilaud was granted to him in Jagir. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FmcNAAAAIAAJ&q=Zafar+Ali+Khan+bilaud |title= A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |page=XVIII }}</ref>
-Jaora State was founded by Abdul Ghafur Muhammad Khan. 'Abdu'l Ghafur Muhammad Khan was a cavalry officer serving the [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] leader [[Muhammad Amir Khan]]. He later served the [[Holkar]] maharaja of [[Indore State]]. The state was confirmed by the [[British India|British]] government in 1818 by the Treaty of Mandsaur. The Nawab of Jaora was confirmed the possession of Jaora, Sanjit, Tal, Malhargarh, Bharauda and the right to levy tribute from Piploda. The Nawab was expected to serve the British by providing them with 500 horsemen, 500 footmen and 4 artillery whenever required.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_069.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 63.], Digital South Asia Library</ref>
+Muhammad Ismail Khan was not a good administrator and the state fell in heavy debts with a sum of 16 lakhs due. The state also had to pay nazarana fee of 2 lakhs to Holkar when a new ruler was installed and a yearly tribute of 1.6 lakhs to the British when Jaora failed to provide troops. This tribute was later reduced to 1.4 lakhs and was preferred by the state. The army was then reduced to 59 cavalry, 124 infantry and 36 irregulars. There was also a regular police force present in the state.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title= The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India Volume 1 |author= A. Vadivelu |date=2011 }}</ref>
-[[Nawab Muhammad Ismail]] (ruled 1865-1895) was an honorary major in the [[British Army]]. During the reign of Nawab Muhammad Iftekhar Ali Khan (ruled 1895-1947), Piploda became a separate state in 1924, and Panth-Piploda became a province of British India in 1942. Nawab Muhammad Usman 'Ali Khan (ruled 1947-1948) acceded to the [[Government of India]] on 15 June 1948.
+[[Nawab Muhammad Ismail]] (ruled 1865-1895) was an honorary major in the [[British Army]].<ref name="EB1911"/> During the reign of Nawab Muhammad Iftekhar Ali Khan (ruled 1895-1947), Piploda became a separate state in 1924, and Panth-Piploda became a province of British India in 1942. Nawab Muhammad Usman 'Ali Khan (ruled 1947-1948) acceded to the [[Government of India]] on 15 June 1948.
 ==Jagirdars of Jaora==
-The chieftains of several petty estates who once paid tribute to Amir Khan Pindari and the other surrounding powers came under the suzerainty of Jaora State after the Treaty of Mandsaur. The Jagirdars were mostly Rajputs apart from Bilaud and Numan Nagdi who were Pathans and Sidri whose thakur was a Mahajan.<ref>
+The chieftains of several petty estates who once paid tribute to Amir Khan Pindari and the other surrounding powers came under the suzerainty of Jaora State after the [[Treaty of Mandsaur]]. The Jagirdars were mostly Rajputs apart from Bilaud and Numan Nagdi who were Pathans and Barha Sayyids and Sidri whose thakur was a Mahajan.<ref>Leading Famlies And Officials In The States Of Central India p. 136</ref>
-Leading Famlies And Officials In The States Of Central India pg.136</ref>
-*Numan Nagdi
-*Amba
-*Mandawal
-*Bilaud
-*Borkhera
-*Kherwasa
-*Khojankhera
-*Sadakheri
-*Shujaota
-*Sidri
-*Sirsi
-*Tal
-*Uperwara
-*Uplai
-=== Nawabs of Jaora ===
-{{unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
-* (6 Jan 1817 -  9 Sep 1825) Abdul Ghafur Mohammad Khan (b. 1775 - d. 1825)
-* (9 Sep 1825 – 29 Apr 1865) Ghows Mohammad Khan (b. 1823 - d. 1865)
-* (9 Sep 1825 - 1827) Musharraf Begum d/o akhund Muhammad ayaz khan yusufzai of tonk{{cn|date=June 2020}}(f) -Regent (d. 1827)
-**+ Jahangir Khan
-*(1827 - 1840) Borthwick -Regent
-*(30 Apr 1865 -  6 Mar 1895) [[Muhammad Ismail of Jaora|Ehtesam al-Dowla Mohammad Ismail Khan]] aka Nawab Ismail Ali Khan (b. 1854 - d. 1895)
-*(30 Apr 1865 - 1872) Regents
-**                           - Hazrat Nur Khan
-**                           - Political Agent Western Malwa
-* (6 Mar 1895 – 15 Aug 1947)  Fakhr al-Dowla Mohammad Iftekhar (b. 1883 - d. 1947)  `Ali Khan (from 12 Dec 1911, Fakhr al-Dowla Sir Iftekhar `Ali Khan)
-====Titular Nawabs====
-* 1947 - 1972 Asif ud-Daula, Sahibzada Nawab Usman Ali'Khan Bahadur, Saulat-Jung ;  Titular ruler until 1971 when 26th Amendment of Indian Constitution was passed.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 85: / Line 54: @@
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 == External links ==
-*{{commonscat inline}}
+*{{commons category-inline}}
 *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jaora_state_2_paisa_coin.jpg Jaora State 2 paisa coin other side, year 1893]
@@ Line 98: / Line 66: @@
 [[Category:Princely states of Madhya Pradesh]]
-[[Category:Muslim princely states of India]]
 [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]
 [[Category:1817 establishments in India]]
@@ Line 104: / Line 71: @@
 [[Category:Pashtun dynasties]]
 [[Category:Ratlam district]]
+[[Category:Gun salute princely states]]

v t e Former princely states in Central India
Salute states	Ajaigarh Ali Rajpur Baoni Baraundha Barwani Benares (Ramnagar) Bhopal Bijawar Charkhari Datia Dewas Junior Dewas Senior Dhar Gwalior Indore (Holkar) Jaora Jhabua Khilchipur Maihar Narsinghgarh Orchha Panna Rajgarh Rampur Ratlam Rewa Sailana Samthar Sitamau
Non-salute states	Alipura Bhadaura Basoda Beri (Bundelkhand) Bhaisaunda Bihat Bijairaghogarh Chhatarpur Garha Garrauli Gaurihar Jaitpur Jaso Jigni Jobat Kamta-Rajaula Kathiwara Khaniadhana Kothi Kurwai (Korwai) Lugasi Makrai Maksudangarh Mathwar Mohammadgarh Nagod(h)(e) Naigawan Rebai Pahara Paldeo Paron Pathari Piploda Raghogarh Ratanmal Sarila Sohawal Taraon Umri Agra Barkhera Kathaun Khiaoda Sangul Wardha Sirsi
Jagir estates	Kanda Borjhad Bakhatgarh Banka–Pahari Bhaisunda Bijna Bilheri Dhotria Dhurwai Jamnia State Kachhi-Baroda Kali-Baori Kamta-Rajaula Multhan Nimkhera Ondhwa Panth-Piploda Rajgadh Sondhwa Tori Fatehpur
Extinguished (e)states	Amjhera Banpur Vijayraghavgarh Chirgaon Jaitpur Jalaun Jhansi Khaddi Purwa Tiroha Shahgarh
Related topics	Central India Agency Bagelkhand Agency Bhopal Agency Bhopawar Agency Bundelkhand Agency Chaube Jagirs Gwalior Residency Hasht-Bhaiya List of princely states of British India (alphabetical) Malwa Agency Princely states annexed by the British Raj Saugor and Nerbudda Territories

v t e Gun salute princely states (salute states) during the British Raj
21-gun salute	Baroda Gwalior Hyderabad Jammu and Kashmir Mysore
19-gun salute	Bhopal Indore Kalat Kolhapur Travancore Udaipur
17-gun salute	Bahawalpur Bharatpur Bikaner Bundi Cochin Cutch Jaipur Jodhpur Karauli Kota Patiala Pudukkottai Rewa Tonk
15-gun salute	Alwar Banswara Datia Dewas Sr Dewas Jr Dhar Dholpur Dungarpur Idar Jaisalmer Khairpur Kishangarh Orchha Pratapgarh Rampur Sikkim Sirohi
13-gun salute	Benares Bhavnagar Cooch Behar Dhrangadhra Jaora Jhalawar Jind Junagadh Kapurthala Nabha Nawanagar Palanpur Porbandar Rajpipla Ratlam Tripura
11-gun salute	Ajaigarh Alirajpur Baoni Barwani Bijawar Bilaspur Cambay Chamba Charkhari Chhatarpur Chitral Faridkot Tehri Garhwal Gondal Janjira/Jafrabad Jhabua Malerkotla Mandi Manipur Morvi Narsinghgarh Panna Radhanpur Rajgarh Sailana Samthar Sirmur Sitamau Suket Wankaner
9-gun salute	Balasinor Banganapalle Bansda Baraundha Baria Bhor Chhota Udaipur Danta Dharampur Dhrol Jawhar Kalahandi Khilchipur Limbdi Loharu Lunavada Maihar Mayurbhanj Mudhol Nagod Palitana Patna Rajkot Sachin Sangli Sant Sawantwadi Shahpura Sonepur Wadhwan Yawnghwe
List of princely states of British India (alphabetical) Salute state