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A '''geoportal''' is a type of [[web portal]] used to find and access [[geographic]] information ([[geospatial]] information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the [[Internet]]. Geoportals are important for effective use of [[geographic information systems]] (GIS) and a key element of [[Spatial Data Infrastructure]] (SDI).
A '''geoportal''' is a type of [[web portal]] used to find and access [[geographic information]] ([[geospatial]] information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the [[Internet]]. Geoportals are important for effective use of [[geographic information systems]] (GIS) and a key element of a [[spatial data infrastructure]] (SDI).


Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions ([[geospatial metadata]]) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.
Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions ([[geospatial metadata]]) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.


==Background==
==Background==
The United States '''National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)''', started in 1994 (see [[OMB Circular A-16]]), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S. '''Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC)''' coordinated development of the '''NSDI Clearinghouse Network''', the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.
The ''[[U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure]]'' (NSDI), started in 1994 (see [[OMB Circular A-16]]), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S. ''[[Federal Geospatial Data Committee]]'' (FGDC) coordinated development of the ''[[Federal Geographic Data Clearinghouse]]'' (or ''NSDI Clearinghouse Network''), the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.


First released in 2003, the '''Geospatial One-Stop (GOS)''' geoportal was developed as part of a U.S. [[e-government]] initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS (thick client).
First released in 2003, the ''[[Geospatial One-Stop]]'' (GOS) geoportal was developed as part of a U.S. [[e-government]] initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS (thick client).

More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the INSPIRE, or Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community geoportal, the [[NatCarb]] geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning [[carbon sequestration]] in the United States, and [[UNSDI]], the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.


In September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader [[open data]] site [https://web.archive.org/web/20121006161541/http://geo.data.gov/ (Geo.)Data.gov]. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the [http://www.geoplatform.gov Geospatial Platform], which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).
In September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader [[open data]] site [https://web.archive.org/web/20121006161541/http://geo.data.gov/ (Geo.)Data.gov]. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the [http://www.geoplatform.gov Geospatial Platform], which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).


More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the [[INSPIRE]] geoportal<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=European Commission-Joint Research |title=INSPIRE Geoportal |url=https://inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> (''Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community'', established in 2007<ref>{{Cite web |title=L_2007108EN.01000101.xml |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002&from=EN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119034253/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002&from=EN |archive-date=2022-01-19 |access-date=2022-08-02 }}</ref>), the [[NatCarb]] geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning [[carbon sequestration]] in the United States, and [[UNSDI]], the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.
==List of geoportals==


Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.
{| class="wikitable sortable"


Geoportals also form a key component of commercial [[Cloud computing | cloud-based]] GIS platforms, providing a library of geographic data that users can employ with online GIS tools or desktop GIS software. [[Google Earth Engine]] is a cloud-based image processing platform that includes a portal to several petabytes of satellite imagery. Esri's [[ArcGIS Online]], with its Living Atlas Geoportal, provides a large of volume of data covering a wide variety of topics. Esri also sells Portal for ArcGIS as part of its [[ArcGIS]] Enterprise server software, which enables institutions to create their own geoportals.
! name || class || territory || content || developer || technology || year from
|-
| | [http://geoblacklight.org/ GeoBlacklight] || geoportal software || || || || || 2014
|-
| [http://opengeoportal.org/software/open-geoportal/ Open Geoportal (OGP)] || geoportal software || || || || || 2013
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20150220155839/http://www.geoportal.org/web/guest/geo_home_stp GEOSS (Global Earth Observation Data)] || global geoportal || global || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.arcgis.com/home/ ArcGIS Online] || global geoportal || global || || [[Environmental Systems Research Institute|ESRI]] || [[ArcGIS Server]] ||
|-
|[http://geoportal.capmas.gov.eg/ Egyptian Geospatial Information Portal]
|national geoportal
|[[Egypt]]
|
|[http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ CAPMAS]
|
|2016
|-
| [http://inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu/ INSPIRE geoportal] || international geoportal || [[Europe]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.ideandorra.ad/geoportal/index.jsp?lang=en IDE Andorra ] || national geoportal || [[Andorra]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geoland.at Geoland ] || national geoportal || [[Austria]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://gismap.by/ Geoportal Belarus ] || national geoportal || [[Belarus]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geo.be Geoportal of the Belgian federal institutions ] || national geoportal || [[Belgium]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.cl/geoportal/ Geoportal de Chile ] || national geoportal || [[Chile]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.dane.gov.co/geoportal/ Geoportal del Departamento Nacional de Estadística Colombia ] || national geoportal || [[Colombia]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://mapas.bogota.gov.co Mapas Bogotá ] || national geoportal || Colombia, [[Bogotá]]|| || || ||
|-
| [https://geoportal.dgu.hr/ Geoportal Croatia] || national geoportal || [[Croatia]] || || || [[GeoServer]] ||
|-
| [http://www.geodata-info.dk Geodata-info Denmark] || national geoportal || [[Denmark]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://geoportaal.maaamet.ee/ Geoportal Estonia] || national geoportal || [[Estonia]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.paikkatietoikkuna.fi Geoportal Finland] || national geoportal || [[Finland]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr Geoportail France] || national geoportal || [[France]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://tab.geoportail.fr Geoportail France - tablet version] || national geoportal || France || || || ||
|-
| [http://m.geoportail.fr Geoportail France - mobile version] || national geoportal || France || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geoportal.de Geoportal Germany] || national geoportal || [[Germany]] || || Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy || ||
|-
| [http://www.geovisitguatemala.com/ GeoVisitGuatemala] || national geoportal || [[Guatemala]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://nsdiindia.gov.in/nsdi/ India NSDI Portal] || national geoportal || [[India]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.real-ngo.org Indian GeoSpatial Opendata Portal] || national geoportal || [[India]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.ie Geoportal Ireland] || national geoportal || [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.pcn.minambiente.it Portale Cartografico Nazionale] || national geoportal || [[Italy]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.lt Geoportal Lithuania ] || national geoportal || [[Lithuania]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.lu/Portail/index.jsp?lang=en Geoportal Luxembourg ] || national geoportal || [[Luxembourg]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://geoportal.nsdi.gov.mn/ Geoportal Mongolia] || theme geoportal || Mongolia || || ALAMGaC || [[ArcGIS Server]] || 2019
|-
| [http://pdokviewer.pdok.nl/ PDOK - Publieke Dienstverlening Op de Kaart Loket] || national geoportal || [[Netherlands]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geonetwork.nl UNSDI Netherlands GeoNetwork portal] || national geoportal || Netherlands || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110505212022/http://gdsc.nlr.nl/gdsc/en Geospatial Data Service Centre] || national geoportal || Netherlands || || || ||
|-
| [http://data.linz.govt.nz Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) Data Service ] || national geoportal || [[New Zealand]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geonorge.no GeoNorge] || national geoportal || [[Norway]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.gov.pl Geoportal Poland ] || national geoportal || [[Poland]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://snig.igeo.pt/Portal SNIG - Sistema Nacional de Informação Geográfica] || national geoportal || [[Portugal]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://geoportal.ntsomz.ru/ Geoportal of RosKosmos] || national geoportal || [[Russia|Russian Federation]] || || || || 2010
|-
| [http://nsdi.ru/geoportal/ NSDI of Russian Federation]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} || national geoportal || Russian Federation || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geosrbija.rs Geoportal Serbia] || national geoportal || [[Serbia]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.biomap.es/ Geoportal Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad del Estado español ] || national geoportal || [[Spain]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://geo.spainisculture.com/index.php/es Geoportal Spain is Culture ] || national geoportal || Spain || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613135922/http://www.pueblosarquitecturanegra.es/ Geoportal Pueblos Arquitectura Negra Guadalajara ] || national geoportal || Spain || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20120201175003/http://madrid.hotelmapspain.es/web/index.php/mapa Geoportal hotelmapspain-madrid ] || national geoportal || Spain || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20120129042701/http://campinajerez.geoportales.com/web/ Geoportal Campiña de Jerez ] || national geoportal || Spain || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20111222002206/http://madrid.geoportales.com/web/index.php Geoportal Madrid ] || national geoportal || Spain, [[Madrid]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.idee.es IDEE - Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de España] || national geoportal || Spain || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geo.admin.ch Geoportal Bund] || national geoportal || [[Switzerland]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://data.gov.uk/ UK DataPortal] || national (geo) data portal || [[United Kingdom]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425062251/http://gogeo.ac.uk/ GoGeo] || national geoportal || United Kingdom || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20121006161541/http://geo.data.gov/ Data.gov] || national geoportal || [[United States]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoplatform.gov Geospatial Platform] || national geoportal || United States || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.fgdc.gov/dataandservices NSDI Clearinghouse Network] || national geoportal || United States || || || ||
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20140423161149/http://igvsb.geoportalsb.gob.ve/ Geoportal Simón Bolívar] || national geoportal || [[Venezuela]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://geoportal.abudhabi.ae/geoportal Abu Dhabi Spatial Data Infrastructure] || city geoportal || UAE, [[Abu Dhabi]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geostor.arkansas.gov GeoStor] || state geoportal || USA, [[Arkansas]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://gis.ca.gov CaSIL - California Spatial Information Library] || state geoportal || USA, [[California]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.caracasenunclick.com/ Caracas En Un Click] || city geoportal || Venezuela, [[Caracas]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal-idec.cat IDEC, Spatial Data Infrastructure of Catalonia] || state geoportal || Spain, [[Catalonia]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geo.euskadi.eus/ geoEuskadi, Spatial Data Infrastructure of Basque Country] || state geoportal || Spain, [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://rgis.unm.edu New Mexico Resource GIS] || state geoportal || USA, [[New Mexico]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geoportal-bw.de Geoportal Baden-Württemberg] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Baden-Württemberg]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://geoportal.bayern.de Geoportal Bavaria] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Bavaria]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://geoportal.brandenburg.de Geoportal Brandenburg] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Brandenburg]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geoportal.hessen.de Geoportal Hesse] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Hesse]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de Geoportal Lower Saxony] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Lower Saxony]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.nrw Geoportal North Rhine-Westphalia] || state geoportal || Germany, [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.geoportal.rlp.de Geoportal Rhineland Palatinate] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Rhineland Palatinate]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://geoportal.saarland.de Geoportal Saarland] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Saarland]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://geoportal.sachsen.de Geoportal Saxony] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Saxony]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.gdi-sh.de/DE/GDISH/Geoportal/geoportal_node.html Geoportal Schleswig-Holstein] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Schleswig-Holstein]] || || || ||
|-
| [https://www.geoportal-th.de Geoportal Thuringia] || state geoportal || Germany, [[Thuringia]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://map.e-kyzylorda.gov.kz/ Geoportal Kyzylorda] || state geoportal || Kazakhstan, [[Kyzylorda Region]] || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.natcarb.org NatCarb, National Carbon Sequestration Geoportal] || theme geoportal || United States || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.nationalgeoportal.gov.np National Geoportal of Nepal] || National Geoportal || Nepal || || || ||2018
|-
| [https://www.geosur.info GeoSUR] || Regional Geoportal || Geospatial network of Latin America and the Caribbean || || CAF, USGS || ESRI Geoportal || 2007
|-
|[https://geodata.wisc.edu GeoData@Wisconsin]
|state geoportal
|USA, Wisconsin
|
|University of Wisconsin
|GeoBlacklight
|2014
|-
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Georeference]]
* [[Georeference]]
* [[List of GIS data sources]]
* [[List of GIS data sources]]
* [[National Mapping Agency#List of national mapping agencies]]
* [[Spatial Data Infrastructure]]


{{Informatics}}
==External links==
<!-- Please keep this list alphabetized within categories. Thanks! -->
{{see also|National Mapping Agency#List of national mapping agencies}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010. ''Web GIS: Principles and Applications''. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA. {{ISBN|1-58948-245-X}}.
* Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010. ''Web GIS: Principles and Applications''. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA. {{ISBN|1-58948-245-X}}.
* Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the Geospatial One-Stop portal. ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 97(2):250-266.
* Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the Geospatial One-Stop portal. ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 97(2):250-266.
* Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'' 29: 3-14.
* Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'' 29: 3-14.
* Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005. ''Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information''. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
* Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005. ''Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information''. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.

{{Informatics}}


[[Category:Geographic data and information]]
[[Category:Geographic data and information]]

Latest revision as of 19:59, 19 June 2024

A geoportal is a type of web portal used to find and access geographic information (geospatial information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the Internet. Geoportals are important for effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) and a key element of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI).

Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions (geospatial metadata) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.

Background

[edit]

The U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), started in 1994 (see OMB Circular A-16), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S. Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC) coordinated development of the Federal Geographic Data Clearinghouse (or NSDI Clearinghouse Network), the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.

First released in 2003, the Geospatial One-Stop (GOS) geoportal was developed as part of a U.S. e-government initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS (thick client).

In September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader open data site (Geo.)Data.gov. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the Geospatial Platform, which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).

More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the INSPIRE geoportal[1] (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community, established in 2007[2]), the NatCarb geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning carbon sequestration in the United States, and UNSDI, the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.

Geoportals also form a key component of commercial cloud-based GIS platforms, providing a library of geographic data that users can employ with online GIS tools or desktop GIS software. Google Earth Engine is a cloud-based image processing platform that includes a portal to several petabytes of satellite imagery. Esri's ArcGIS Online, with its Living Atlas Geoportal, provides a large of volume of data covering a wide variety of topics. Esri also sells Portal for ArcGIS as part of its ArcGIS Enterprise server software, which enables institutions to create their own geoportals.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Centre, European Commission-Joint Research. "INSPIRE Geoportal". inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  2. ^ "L_2007108EN.01000101.xml". Archived from the original on 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-08-02.

Sources

[edit]
  • Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010. Web GIS: Principles and Applications. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA. ISBN 1-58948-245-X.
  • Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the Geospatial One-Stop portal. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(2):250-266.
  • Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29: 3-14.
  • Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005. Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
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