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{{Short description|Species of bird}} |
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{{Use American English|date=October 2021}} |
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{{speciesbox |
{{speciesbox |
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| name = Spotted puffbird |
| name = Spotted puffbird |
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| image = Bucco tamatia - Spotted Puffbird.JPG |
| image = Bucco tamatia - Spotted Puffbird.JPG |
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| image_caption = Spotted |
| image_caption = Spotted puffbird at [[Presidente Figueiredo]], [[Amazonas State, Brazil|Amazonas state]], [[Brazil]] |
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| status = LC |
| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref>{{ |
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682252/92937048 |title=Spotted Puffbird ''Nystactes tamatia'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = Bucco |
| genus = Bucco |
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| species = tamatia |
| species = tamatia |
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| authority = |
| authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1788 |
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| synonyms = '' |
| synonyms = ''Nystactes tamatia'' |
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| range_map = Bucco tamatia map.svg |
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}} |
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The '''spotted puffbird''' ('''''Bucco tamatia''''') is a species of [[puffbird]] in the family [[Bucconidae]], the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[French Guiana]], [[Guyana]], [[Peru]], [[Suriname]], and [[Venezuela]].<ref name=IOC11.2>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |last1=Gill |first1= F. |last2=Donsker|first2=D.|last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2021 }}</ref><ref name=SACCcountries>Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved August 24, 2021</ref> |
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The '''spotted puffbird''' (''Bucco tamatia'') is a species of [[puffbird]] in the family [[Bucconidae]]. |
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It is found in [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[French Guiana]], [[Guyana]], [[Peru]], [[Suriname]], and [[Venezuela]]. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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Its natural [[habitat]]s are subtropical and tropical [[swamp]]s and heavily degraded former forest. |
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The spotted puffbird was described in 1648 by the German naturalist [[Georg Marcgrave]] in his ''Historia Naturalis Brasiliae''. In his [[Latin]] text Marcgrave used the name ''Tamatia Brasiliensibus'' where ''tamatia'' was the local name for the bird in the [[Tupi language]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Marcgrave | first=Georg | author-link=Georg Marcgrave | year=1648 | title=Historia Naturalis Brasiliae: Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus | language=Latin | location=Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden) | publisher=Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium | page=208 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/289301 }}</ref> Later ornithologists such as [[Francis Willughby]] in 1678 and [[John Ray]] in 1713 based their own description on that by Marcgrave.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Willughby | first=Francis | author-link=Francis Willughby | editor-last=Ray | editor-first=John | editor-link=John Ray | year=1678 | title=The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick | location=London | publisher=John Martyn | page=190 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41441987 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Ray | first=John | author-link=John Ray | year=1713 | title=Synopsis methodica avium & piscium | volume=Avium | language=Latin | location=London | publisher=William Innys | page=65 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6355331 }}</ref> In 1780 the French polymath [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon|Comte de Buffon]] described and illustrated ''Le Tamatia'' from a specimen that had been collected in [[Cayenne]], French Guiana.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1780 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=7 | location=Paris | publisher=De l'Imprimerie Royale | pages=94-96; Plate 4 | chapter=Le Tamatia | language=French | chapter-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1069720s/f126.item }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Barbu à ventre tacheté, de Cayenne | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=8 | location=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 746 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35218387 }}</ref> When the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] revised and expanded [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' in 1788 he included the spotted puffbird and cited the works by the earlier ornithologists. He placed the species with the other puffbirds in the [[genus]] ''[[Bucco]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Bucco tamatia''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1788 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 1 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=405 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2897005 }}</ref> |
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The spotted puffbird has sometimes been placed in the genus ''Nystactes''.<ref name=hbw>{{ cite book | last1=Rasmussen | first1=P.C. | last2=Collar | first2=N.J. | year=2002 | chapter=Family Bucconidae (Puffbirds) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-87334-37-5 | pages=102–139 [126–127] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0007unse/page/126/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}</ref> It is closely related to the [[sooty-capped puffbird]] (''B. noanamae'').<ref name=bow>{{cite journal | last1=Rasmussen | first1=P.C. | last2=Collar | first2=N. | last3=Kirwan | first3=G.M.| year=2020 | title=Spotted Puffbird (''Bucco tamatia''), version 1.0 | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | journal=Birds of the World | location=Ithaca, NY, USA | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | doi=10.2173/bow.spopuf1.01 }}</ref> |
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Three [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/jacamars/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=14 February 2023 }}</ref> |
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* ''B. t. pulmentum'' [[Philip Sclater|Sclater, PL]], 1856 – south Colombia to northeast Bolivia |
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* ''B. t. tamatia'' [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1788 – east Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil |
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* ''B. t. hypnaleus'' ([[Jean Cabanis|Cabanis]] & [[Ferdinand Heine|Heine]], 1863) – central east Brazil |
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==Description== |
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The spotted puffbird is about {{convert|18|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|33|to|42|g|oz|abbr=on}}. The [[nominate subspecies]] has a pale rufous forehead that becomes rufous spots on a dark brown background on the crown. Below that is a blackish band through the eye, below that a white stripe, and below that a black patch. The white stripe continues around the nape. The upperparts and wings are dark brown with some buffy scallops and the tail is dark brown with some buffy edges to the feathers. The chin is white, the throat rufous, the breast and flanks whitish with black spots and scales, and the belly and vent white with small black spots. The bill is black, the eye bright red, and the feet dark gray or greenish. ''B. t. pulmentum''{{apostrophe}}s throat is much paler than the nominate's, the forehead brighter, and the spotting heavier. ''B. t. hypnaleus'' is larger than the nominate but with a smaller bill, and the spotting on its underside is heavier especially on the breast.<ref name=bow/> |
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The spotted puffbird's song is "a series of 10–20 soft, whistled 'chyoi' or 'puwéep' notes (c. 2 per second), weak and hesitant at first, then a few at lower pitch and slower, ending with c. 4 inflected 'pchooii, pchooii, pchooii, peejowee' whistles". It is usually sung at dawn and sometimes sung as a duet. It also makes "faint wheezy whistles" in a dispute.<ref name=bow/> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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The nominate subspecies of spotted puffbird is found from eastern Colombia east through Venezuela and [[the Guianas]] into Brazil and south in Brazil to the left (north) bank of the [[Amazon River]]. ''B. t. pulmentum'' is found from southeastern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil into northeastern Bolivia. ''B. t. hypnaleus'' is found in Amazonian Brazil east of the [[Tapajós River]]. The species inhabits a variety of somewhat open landscapes such as ''[[Várzea forest|várzea]]'' and ''[[igapó]]'' forests, mature [[secondary forest]], savanna woodland, and [[gallery forest]]. It seldom occurs in the interior of dense forest. In elevation it generally ranges from sea level to {{convert|1400|m|ft|abbr=on}} but in Venezuela it usually occurs below {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=bow/> |
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==Behavior== |
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===Feeding=== |
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The spotted puffbird usually forages from a low perch, sallying out to pluck prey from foliage or bark. It sometimes follows [[army ant]] swarms. Its diet includes many types of insects, other invertebrates such as spiders and scorpions, small lizards, and mistletoe berries.<ref name=bow/> |
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===Breeding=== |
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The spotted puffbird's breeding season varies in different parts of its range, but in general is between March and September. It lays its clutch of two eggs in a chamber excavated in arboreal [[Termitarium|termitaria]].<ref name=bow/> |
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==Status== |
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The [[IUCN]] has assessed the spotted puffbird as being of Least Concern. However, though it has a very large range, its population has not been quantified and is believed to be decreasing.<ref name=IUCN/> It is thought to be uncommon in most of its range but is easily overlooked and so might be more abundant. It occurs in several protected areas.<ref name=bow/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1276054}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1276054}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:puffbird, spotted}} |
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[[Category:Bucco|spotted puffbird]] |
[[Category:Bucco|spotted puffbird]] |
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[[Category:Birds of the Amazon |
[[Category:Birds of the Amazon rainforest]] |
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[[Category:Birds of the |
[[Category:Birds of the Guiana Shield]] |
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[[Category:Birds described in 1788|spotted puffbird]] |
[[Category:Birds described in 1788|spotted puffbird]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin|spotted puffbird]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Brazil]] |
[[Category:Birds of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
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[[Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN]] <!-- Bucco tamatia --> |
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{{Piciformes-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 09:51, 20 June 2024
| Spotted puffbird | |
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| Spotted puffbird at Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, Brazil | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Bucconidae |
| Genus: | Bucco |
| Species: | B. tamatia
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| Binomial name | |
| Bucco tamatia Gmelin, JF, 1788
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| Synonyms | |
|
Nystactes tamatia | |
The spotted puffbird (Bucco tamatia) is a species of puffbird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.[2][3]
Taxonomy
[edit]The spotted puffbird was described in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. In his Latin text Marcgrave used the name Tamatia Brasiliensibus where tamatia was the local name for the bird in the Tupi language.[4] Later ornithologists such as Francis Willughby in 1678 and John Ray in 1713 based their own description on that by Marcgrave.[5][6] In 1780 the French polymath Comte de Buffon described and illustrated Le Tamatia from a specimen that had been collected in Cayenne, French Guiana.[7][8] When the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin revised and expanded Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae in 1788 he included the spotted puffbird and cited the works by the earlier ornithologists. He placed the species with the other puffbirds in the genus Bucco and coined the binomial name Bucco tamatia.[9]
The spotted puffbird has sometimes been placed in the genus Nystactes.[10] It is closely related to the sooty-capped puffbird (B. noanamae).[11]
Three subspecies are recognised:[12]
- B. t. pulmentum Sclater, PL, 1856 – south Colombia to northeast Bolivia
- B. t. tamatia Gmelin, JF, 1788 – east Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil
- B. t. hypnaleus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) – central east Brazil
Description
[edit]The spotted puffbird is about 18 cm (7.1 in) long and weighs 33 to 42 g (1.2 to 1.5 oz). The nominate subspecies has a pale rufous forehead that becomes rufous spots on a dark brown background on the crown. Below that is a blackish band through the eye, below that a white stripe, and below that a black patch. The white stripe continues around the nape. The upperparts and wings are dark brown with some buffy scallops and the tail is dark brown with some buffy edges to the feathers. The chin is white, the throat rufous, the breast and flanks whitish with black spots and scales, and the belly and vent white with small black spots. The bill is black, the eye bright red, and the feet dark gray or greenish. B. t. pulmentum's throat is much paler than the nominate's, the forehead brighter, and the spotting heavier. B. t. hypnaleus is larger than the nominate but with a smaller bill, and the spotting on its underside is heavier especially on the breast.[11]
The spotted puffbird's song is "a series of 10–20 soft, whistled 'chyoi' or 'puwéep' notes (c. 2 per second), weak and hesitant at first, then a few at lower pitch and slower, ending with c. 4 inflected 'pchooii, pchooii, pchooii, peejowee' whistles". It is usually sung at dawn and sometimes sung as a duet. It also makes "faint wheezy whistles" in a dispute.[11]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The nominate subspecies of spotted puffbird is found from eastern Colombia east through Venezuela and the Guianas into Brazil and south in Brazil to the left (north) bank of the Amazon River. B. t. pulmentum is found from southeastern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and western Brazil into northeastern Bolivia. B. t. hypnaleus is found in Amazonian Brazil east of the Tapajós River. The species inhabits a variety of somewhat open landscapes such as várzea and igapó forests, mature secondary forest, savanna woodland, and gallery forest. It seldom occurs in the interior of dense forest. In elevation it generally ranges from sea level to 1,400 m (4,600 ft) but in Venezuela it usually occurs below 700 m (2,300 ft).[11]
Behavior
[edit]Feeding
[edit]The spotted puffbird usually forages from a low perch, sallying out to pluck prey from foliage or bark. It sometimes follows army ant swarms. Its diet includes many types of insects, other invertebrates such as spiders and scorpions, small lizards, and mistletoe berries.[11]
Breeding
[edit]The spotted puffbird's breeding season varies in different parts of its range, but in general is between March and September. It lays its clutch of two eggs in a chamber excavated in arboreal termitaria.[11]
Status
[edit]The IUCN has assessed the spotted puffbird as being of Least Concern. However, though it has a very large range, its population has not been quantified and is believed to be decreasing.[1] It is thought to be uncommon in most of its range but is easily overlooked and so might be more abundant. It occurs in several protected areas.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Spotted Puffbird Nystactes tamatia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
- ^ Marcgrave, Georg (1648). Historia Naturalis Brasiliae: Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus (in Latin). Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 208.
- ^ Willughby, Francis (1678). Ray, John (ed.). The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick. London: John Martyn. p. 190.
- ^ Ray, John (1713). Synopsis methodica avium & piscium (in Latin). Vol. Avium. London: William Innys. p. 65.
- ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1780). "Le Tamatia". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 7. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 94–96, Plate 4.
- ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de; Martinet, François-Nicolas; Daubenton, Edme-Louis; Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Barbu à ventre tacheté, de Cayenne". Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 8. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 746.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 405.
- ^ Rasmussen, P.C.; Collar, N.J. (2002). "Family Bucconidae (Puffbirds)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 102–139 [126–127]. ISBN 978-84-87334-37-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rasmussen, P.C.; Collar, N.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Spotted Puffbird (Bucco tamatia), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.spopuf1.01.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 February 2023.