Japan–New Zealand relations: Difference between revisions

New Zealand–Japan relations
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Japan, Wellington	New Zealand Embassy, Tokyo
Envoy
Japanese Ambassador to New Zealand ; Kōichi Itō	New Zealand Ambassador to Japan ; Hamish Cooper

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Japan–New Zealand relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Japan and New Zealand. Both nations are members of APEC, Australia Group, CPTPP, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.

History

Initial contact between Japan and New Zealand was via London as New Zealand was a part of the British Empire. In 1898 Arthur Stanhope Aldrich was appointed as an honorary consul in New Zealand after retiring from a career in the Japanese civil service.^[1] In 1928, while New Zealand was a self-governing dominion within the British Empire, Japan and New Zealand signed a provisional arrangement concerning commerce, customs and navigation.^[2] Japan opened a consulate in Wellington in 1938^[3] but this closed in 1942 after Japan entered World War II.^[4] During World War II, New Zealand forces fought against Japan, primarily in Singapore, the Solomon Islands and in the waters surrounding Japan.^[5] Towards the end of the war, in 1944, New Zealand warships HMNZS Achilles and HMNZS Gambia bombarded the Japanese coast. The war in the Pacific soon ended after the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.^[5] New Zealand troops known as J Force occupied Japan after the war to help with clean-up and reconstruction.

New Zealand and Australia both favoured a harsh treaty with Japan after 1945. However Australia's fear of a Japanese threat was greater, while New Zealand regarded Europe as the most likely area of future conflict. However, when Washington desired a softer approach to Japan, New Zealand and Australia both wanted American guarantees for their security. The U.S. did this with the three-way ANZUS Pact signed in San Francisco in September 1951 before the peace conference opened.^[6]

In 1952, New Zealand and Japan established diplomatic relations and that same year, New Zealand opened a diplomatic legation in Tokyo. The following year, Japan opened a legation in Wellington.^[2] In 1955, Prime Minister Sidney Holland became the first New Zealand head of government to pay an official visit to Japan. The visit was reciprocated in 1957 by Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi.^[2] In 1958 the two nations signed a commercial treaty that began their modern economic relationship. New Zealand showed little interest in trade with Japan in the 1950s. However it feared losing its British market for agricultural products. It was clear that with mainland China under hostile Communist control more trade with Japan would be wise.^[7]

Since 1958, Japan and New Zealand have developed strong political ties with common views and a shared interest in the stability, growth, and development of the Asia-Pacific region.^[8] In April 2012, both nations celebrated 60 years of diplomatic relations.^[8]

In July 2021, despite the COVID-19 pandemic spreading worldwide, many New Zealand Olympic teams were travelled to Japan during 2020 Summer Olympics. As of result, New Zealand team collected a total of 20 medals: 7 gold, 6 silver, and 7 bronze, at these Games, surpassing the record of 18 gained at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

High-level visits

High-level visits from Japan to New Zealand^[8]

Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi (1957)
Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda (1963)
Prime Minister Eisaku Satō (1967)
Prince Mikasa and Princess Mikasa (1971)
Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko (1973)
Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka (1974)
Prime Minister Masayoshi Ōhira (1980)
Prince Akishino (1980)
Prince Katsura (1982)
Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone (1985)
Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa (1993)
Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto (1997)
Prime Minister Keizō Obuchi (1999)
Crown Prince Naruhito and Crown Princess Masako (2002)
Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (2002)
Crown Prince Naruhito and Princess Masako (2002, 2006)
Prime Minister Shinzō Abe (2014)

High-level visits from New Zealand to Japan^[8]

Prime Minister Sidney Holland (1955)
Prime Minister Walter Nash (1959)
Prime Minister Keith Holyoake (1960, 1965, 1968, 1970)
Prime Minister Robert Muldoon (1976, 1981)
Prime Minister Geoffrey Palmer (1990)
Prime Minister James Bolger (1995, 1996)
Prime Minister Jenny Shipley (1998, 1999)
Prime Minister Helen Clark (2001, 2005, 2008)
Prime Minister John Key (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015)
Prime Minister Bill English (2017)
Speaker of the House of Representatives Trevor Mallard (2018)
Governor-general Patsy Reddy (2019)
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern (2019, 2022)

Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Provisional Arrangement concerning Commerce, Customs and Navigation (1929); Agreement on Commerce (1958); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (1963); Agreement concerning Reciprocal Waiving of Passport Visas and Passport Visa Fees (1970); Agreement on Fisheries (1978); Agreement on Air Services (1980) and an Agreement on Working Holiday Visas (1985).^[8]

Tourism and transportation

In 2014, 81,000 Japanese citizens visited New Zealand for tourism. That same period, over 41,000 New Zealanders visited Japan for tourism.^[8] There are direct flights between Japan and New Zealand with Air New Zealand.

Trade

In 2016, trade between Japan and New Zealand totalled US$6.4 billion.^[9] Japan's main exports to New Zealand include motor vehicles and electronic goods. New Zealand's main exports to Japan include timber, aluminium, dairy (especially cheese), kiwifruit and beef.^[9] The timber trade between New Zealand and Japan is considered so important to the production of wood products in the latter that the timber export sheds at Wellington’s port were, for a long time, adorned with Ukiyo-e portraits of Kabuki actors.^[10]

Resident diplomatic missions

Japan has an embassy in Wellington, a consulate-general in Auckland and a consular office in Christchurch.^[11]
New Zealand has an embassy in Tokyo.^[12]

Building hosting the Embassy of Japan in Wellington
Embassy of New Zealand in Tokyo

References

^ "[untitled article]". Evening Post. 11 April 1898. p. 5. Retrieved 13 Feb 2021 – via Paperspast.
^ ^a ^b ^c Japan-New Zealand Relations (Basic Data)
^ "Japanese Consulate". Nelson Evening Mail. 20 Jan 1938. Retrieved 5 Sep 2021 – via Paperspast.
^ "Japanese Consul: Mr Nakafuji in Sydney". New Zealand Herald. 26 Mar 1942. Retrieved 5 Sep 2021 – via Paperspast.
^ ^a ^b War in the Pacific Page 2 – The war against Japan
^ Ann Trotter, "San Francisco treaty making and its implications for New Zealand" Japan Forum (Nov 2003) 15#3 pp 411–23.
^ John Singleton, "New Zealand's economic relations with Japan in the 1950s" Australian Economic History Review (1997) 37#1 pp 1–18.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f MFAT: Our relationship with Japan
^ ^a ^b MFAT: Japan
^ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "Japan and New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
^ Embassy of Japan in Wellington
^ Embassy of New Zealand in Tokyo

Asia New Zealand Foundation. New Zealanders' Perceptions of Asia and Asian Peoples: 1997-2011 (Wellington: Asia New Zealand Foundation, 2013); annual survey.
Brocklebank, Laurie W. Jayforce. New Zealand and the Military Occupation of Japan, 1945-48. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1997).
Harris, Holly. "New Zealand's Identity and New Zealand-Japan Relations: 1945-2014." (Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2015) online.
Iwami, Tadashi. "Strategic partnership between Japan and New Zealand: foundation, development and prospect." Pacific Review (2020): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2020.1769156

Kennaway, Richard. New Zealand foreign policy, 1951-1971 (1972) online
Kennedy, Ian. Japan and New Zealand: Adding Value (Wellington: Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies, 1992).
McGee, Alan, et al. "Japanese language education in New Zealand: An evaluative literature review of the decline in students since 2005." (2013). online
McKinnon, Malcolm. Independence and foreign policy: New Zealand in the world since 1935 (Auckland University Press, 2013).
McNeil, Ken. "New Zealand through a Japanese glass 1869–1944." Japan Forum (2006) 18#1 pp 23–43
Peren, Roger. Japan and New Zealand 150 Years (Tokyo: New Zealand Centre for Japanese Studies, 1999).
Ryan, Greg. "‘He is Our Opponent, Not Our Enemy’: Two Rugby Tours and Australasian Perceptions of Japan during the 1930s." International Journal of the History of Sport 36.12 (2019): 1076-1095.

Trotter, Ann. "Coming to Terms with Japan: New Zealand's Experience, 1945--63" in Conflict and Amity in East Asia: Essays in Honour of Ian Nish: ed by T.G. Fraser and Peter Lowe, (1992) pp 125–142.
Trotter, Ann. New Zealand and Japan 1945-1952: the occupation and the peace treaty (A&C Black, 2013).
Wallace, Corey. "Dealing with a Proactive Japan: Reconsidering Japan’s Regional Role and Its Value for New Zealand’s Foreign Policy." in Small States and the Changing Global Order (Springer, Cham, 2019) pp. 193-211.
Wevers, Maarten. Japan, Its Future, and New Zealand (Wellington: Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies, 1988).

[1] "[untitled article]". Evening Post. 11 April 1898. p. 5. Retrieved 13 Feb 2021 – via Paperspast.

[History-2] Japan-New Zealand Relations (Basic Data)

[3] "Japanese Consulate". Nelson Evening Mail. 20 Jan 1938. Retrieved 5 Sep 2021 – via Paperspast.

[4] "Japanese Consul: Mr Nakafuji in Sydney". New Zealand Herald. 26 Mar 1942. Retrieved 5 Sep 2021 – via Paperspast.

[War-5] War in the Pacific Page 2 – The war against Japan

[6] Ann Trotter, "San Francisco treaty making and its implications for New Zealand" Japan Forum (Nov 2003) 15#3 pp 411–23.

[7] John Singleton, "New Zealand's economic relations with Japan in the 1950s" Australian Economic History Review (1997) 37#1 pp 1–18.

[Bilateral-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f MFAT: Our relationship with Japan

[Trade-9] MFAT: Japan

[10] Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "Japan and New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-10-31.

[11] Embassy of Japan in Wellington

[12] Embassy of New Zealand in Tokyo

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Infobox bilateral relations|New Zealand–Japan|Japan|New Zealand|mission1=Embassy of Japan, Wellington|mission2=New Zealand Embassy, Tokyo|envoytitle1=Japanese Ambassador to New Zealand|envoy1=<br>Kōichi Itō|envoytitle2=New Zealand Ambassador to Japan|envoy2=<br>Hamish Cooper|map=New_Zealand_Japan_Locator.png}}
-{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between Japan and New Zealand}}
-{{Infobox bilateral relations|New Zealand–Japan|New Zealand|Japan}}
 '''Japan–New Zealand relations''' refers to the [[diplomatic relations]] between [[Japan]] and [[New Zealand]]. Both nations are members of [[APEC]], [[Australia Group]], [[Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership|CPTPP]], [[OECD|Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development]] and the [[United Nations]].
@@ Line 6: / Line 5: @@
 ==History==
 [[File:Keith Holyoake and Masayoshi Ohira cropped 2 Keith Holyoake and Masayoshi Ohira 197210.jpg|right|thumb|New Zealand Prime Minister [[Keith Holyoake]] (left) met with Japanese Foreign Minister [[Masayoshi Ohira]] (right), in October 1972.]]
-[[File:Commodore John Martin, RNZN and Vice Admiral Yasushi Matsushita, JMSDF in 2012.JPG|right|thumb|Commodore [[John Martin (admiral)|John Martin]], RNZN (left) and Vice Admiral Yasushi Matsushita, JMSDF at the [[Yokosuka, Kanagawa|Yokosuka]] headquarters near Tokyo on 15 October 2012.]]
+[[File:Commodore John Martin, RNZN and Vice Admiral Yasushi Matsushita, JMSDF in 2012.JPG|right|thumb|Commodore [[John Martin (New Zealand admiral)|John Martin]], RNZN (left) and Vice Admiral Yasushi Matsushita, JMSDF at the [[Yokosuka, Kanagawa|Yokosuka]] headquarters near Tokyo on 15 October 2012.]]
+[[File:20220421kaidan 1.jpg|thumb|Japanese Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]] meets with New Zealand Prime Minister [[Jacinda Ardern]] in Tokyo, 21 April 2022.]]
-Initial contact between Japan and New Zealand was via [[London]] as New Zealand was a part of the [[British Empire]]. In 1928, while New Zealand was a self-governing dominion within the British empire; Japan and New Zealand signed a provisional arrangement concerning commerce, customs and navigation.<ref name=History>[https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/nz/data.html Japan-New Zealand Relations (Basic Data)]</ref> In 1938, Japan opened a consulate in [[Wellington]]. During [[World War II]], New Zealand forces fought against Japan, primarily in [[Singapore]], the [[Solomon Islands]] and in the waters surrounding Japan.<ref name=War>[https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/war-in-the-pacific/war-against-japan War in the Pacific Page 2 – The war against Japan]</ref> Towards the end of the war, in 1944, New Zealand warships [[HMNZS Achilles (70)|HMNZS ''Achilles'']] and [[HMS Gambia (48)|HMNZS ''Gambia'']] bombarded the Japanese coast. The war in the Pacific soon ended after the American [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] in August 1945.<ref name=War />
+Initial contact between Japan and New Zealand was via [[London]] as New Zealand was a part of the [[British Empire]]. In 1898 [[Arthur Aldrich|Arthur Stanhope Aldrich]] was appointed as an honorary consul in New Zealand after retiring from a career in the Japanese civil service.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=11 April 1898|title=[untitled article]|page=5|work=Evening Post|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP18980411.2.53.1|access-date=13 Feb 2021|via=Paperspast}}</ref> In 1928, while New Zealand was a self-governing dominion within the British Empire, Japan and New Zealand signed a provisional arrangement concerning commerce, customs and navigation.<ref name=History>[https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/nz/data.html Japan-New Zealand Relations (Basic Data)]</ref> Japan opened a consulate in [[Wellington]] in 1938<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 Jan 1938|title=Japanese Consulate|work=Nelson Evening Mail|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19380120.2.43|access-date=5 Sep 2021|via=Paperspast}}</ref> but this closed in 1942 after Japan entered World War II.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 Mar 1942|title=Japanese Consul: Mr Nakafuji in Sydney|work=New Zealand Herald|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19420326.2.52|access-date=5 Sep 2021|via=Paperspast}}</ref> During [[World War II]], New Zealand forces fought against Japan, primarily in [[Singapore]], the [[Solomon Islands]] and in the waters surrounding Japan.<ref name=War>[https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/war-in-the-pacific/war-against-japan War in the Pacific Page 2 – The war against Japan]</ref> Towards the end of the war, in 1944, New Zealand warships [[HMNZS Achilles (70)|HMNZS ''Achilles'']] and [[HMS Gambia (48)|HMNZS ''Gambia'']] bombarded the Japanese coast. The war in the Pacific soon ended after the American [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] in August 1945.<ref name=War /> New Zealand troops known as [[J Force]] occupied Japan after the war to help with clean-up and reconstruction.
+New Zealand and Australia both favoured a harsh treaty with Japan after 1945. However Australia's fear of a Japanese threat was greater, while New Zealand regarded Europe as the most likely area of future conflict. However, when Washington desired a softer approach to Japan, New Zealand and Australia both wanted American guarantees for their security. The U.S. did this with the three-way ANZUS Pact signed in San Francisco in September 1951 before the peace conference opened.<ref>[[Ann Trotter]], "San Francisco treaty making and its implications for New Zealand" ''Japan Forum'' (Nov 2003) 15#3 pp 411–23.</ref>
-In 1947, New Zealand became an independent nation. In 1952, both nations established diplomatic relations and that same year, New Zealand opened a diplomatic legation in [[Tokyo]]. The following year, Japan opened a legation in Wellington.<ref name=History /> In 1955, Prime Minister [[Sidney Holland]] became the first New Zealand head-of-government to pay an official visit to Japan. The visit was reciprocated in 1957 by Japanese Prime Minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]].<ref name=History /> Since the normalization of relations, Japan and New Zealand have developed strong political ties with, common views and a shared interest in the stability, growth and development of the Asia Pacific region.<ref name=Bilateral>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/north-asia/japan/new-zealand-embassy/our-relationship-with-japan/ MFAT: Our relationship with Japan]</ref> In April 2012, both nations celebrated 60 years of diplomatic relations.<ref name=Bilateral />
+In 1952, New Zealand and Japan established diplomatic relations and that same year, New Zealand opened a diplomatic legation in Tokyo. The following year, Japan opened a legation in Wellington.<ref name=History /> In 1955, Prime Minister [[Sidney Holland]] became the first New Zealand head of government to pay an official visit to Japan. The visit was reciprocated in 1957 by Japanese Prime Minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]].<ref name=History /> In 1958 the two nations signed a commercial treaty that began their modern economic relationship. New Zealand showed little interest in trade with Japan in the 1950s. However it feared losing its British market for agricultural products. It was clear that with mainland China under hostile Communist control more trade with Japan would be wise.<ref>John Singleton, "New Zealand's economic relations with Japan in the 1950s" ''Australian Economic History Review'' (1997) 37#1 pp 1–18.</ref>
+Since 1958, Japan and New Zealand have developed strong political ties with common views and a shared interest in the stability, growth, and development of the Asia-Pacific region.<ref name=Bilateral>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/north-asia/japan/new-zealand-embassy/our-relationship-with-japan/ MFAT: Our relationship with Japan]</ref> In April 2012, both nations celebrated 60 years of diplomatic relations.<ref name=Bilateral />
+In July 2021, despite the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] spreading worldwide, many New Zealand Olympic teams were travelled to Japan during [[2020 Summer Olympics]]. As of result, New Zealand team collected a total of 20 medals: 7 gold, 6 silver, and 7 bronze, at these Games, surpassing the record of 18 gained at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].
 ==High-level visits==
@@ Line 20: / Line 26: @@
 * Prime Minister [[Hayato Ikeda]] (1963)
 * Prime Minister [[Eisaku Satō]] (1967)
-* Prince [[Takahito, Prince Mikasa|Mikasa]] (1971)
+* Prince [[Takahito, Prince Mikasa|Mikasa]] and [[Yuriko, Princess Mikasa|Princess Mikasa]] (1971)
-* Crown Prince [[Akihito]] and Princess [[Empress Michiko|Michiko]] (1973)
+* Crown Prince [[Akihito]] and Crown Princess [[Empress Michiko|Michiko]] (1973)
 * Prime Minister [[Kakuei Tanaka]] (1974)
 * Prime Minister [[Masayoshi Ōhira]] (1980)
@@ Line 29: / Line 35: @@
 * Prime Minister [[Kiichi Miyazawa]] (1993)
 * Prime Minister [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] (1997)
+* Prime Minister [[Keizō Obuchi]] (1999)
+* Crown Prince [[Naruhito]] and Crown Princess [[Empress Masako|Masako]] (2002)
 * Prime Minister [[Junichiro Koizumi]] (2002)
 * Crown Prince [[Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan|Naruhito]] and Princess [[Masako, Crown Princess of Japan|Masako]] (2002, 2006)
@@ Line 43: / Line 51: @@
 * Prime Minister [[Jenny Shipley]] (1998, 1999)
 * Prime Minister [[Helen Clark]] (2001, 2005, 2008)
-* Prime Minister [[John Key]] (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012)
+* Prime Minister [[John Key]] (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015)
+* Prime Minister [[Bill English]] (2017)
+* Speaker of the House of Representatives [[Trevor Mallard]] (2018)
+* Governor-general [[Patsy Reddy]] (2019)
+* Prime Minister [[Jacinda Ardern]] (2019, 2022)
 |}
 ==Bilateral agreements==
-Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Provisional Arrangement concerning Commerce, Customs and Navigation (1929); Agreement on Commerce (1958); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (1963); Agreement concerning Reciprocal Waiving of Passport Visas and Passport Visa Fees (1970); Agreement on Fisheries (1978); Agreement on Air Services (1980) and an Agreement on [[Working holiday visa]] (1985).<ref name=Bilateral />
+Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Provisional Arrangement concerning Commerce, Customs and Navigation (1929); Agreement on Commerce (1958); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (1963); Agreement concerning Reciprocal Waiving of Passport Visas and Passport Visa Fees (1970); Agreement on Fisheries (1978); Agreement on Air Services (1980) and an Agreement on [[Working holiday visa|Working Holiday Visas]] (1985).<ref name=Bilateral />
-==Tourism and Transportation==
+==Tourism and transportation==
 In 2014, 81,000 Japanese citizens visited New Zealand for tourism. That same period, over 41,000 New Zealanders visited Japan for tourism.<ref name=Bilateral /> There are direct flights between Japan and New Zealand with [[Air New Zealand]].
 ==Trade==
-In 2016, trade between Japan and New Zealand totaled US$6.4 billion.<ref name=Trade>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/north-asia/japan/ MFAT: Japan]</ref> Japan's main exports to New Zealand include: motor vehicles and electronic goods. New Zealand's main exports to Japan include: aluminium, cheese, kiwifruit and beef.<ref name=Trade />
+In 2016, trade between Japan and New Zealand totalled US$6.4 billion.<ref name=Trade>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/north-asia/japan/ MFAT: Japan]</ref> Japan's main exports to New Zealand include motor vehicles and electronic goods. New Zealand's main exports to Japan include timber, aluminium, dairy (especially cheese), kiwifruit and beef.<ref name=Trade /> The timber trade between New Zealand and Japan is considered so important to the production of wood products in the latter that the timber export sheds at Wellington’s port were, for a long time, adorned with [[Ukiyo-e]] portraits of [[Kabuki]] actors.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taonga|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|title=Japan and New Zealand|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/international-economic-relations/page-7|access-date=2021-10-31|website=teara.govt.nz|language=en}}</ref>
 ==Resident diplomatic missions==
 * Japan has an embassy in [[Wellington]], a consulate-general in [[Auckland]] and a consular office in [[Christchurch]].<ref>[http://www.nz.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_en/index.html Embassy of Japan in Wellington]</ref>
-* New Zealand has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].<ref>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/north-asia/japan/new-zealand-embassy/ Embassy of New Zealand in Tokyo]</ref>
+* New Zealand has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].<ref>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/asia/japan/new-zealand-embassy/ Embassy of New Zealand in Tokyo]</ref>
 <gallery class="center">
@@ Line 72: / Line 84: @@
 == References ==
 {{reflist|30em}}
-==   further reading==
+==Further reading==
+* Asia New Zealand Foundation. ''New Zealanders' Perceptions of Asia and Asian Peoples: 1997-2011'' (Wellington: Asia New Zealand Foundation, 2013); annual survey.
-* Trotter, Ann. "Coming to Terms with Japan: New Zealand's Experience, 1945--63":  pp 125–142.
+* Brocklebank, Laurie W. Jayforce. ''New Zealand and the Military Occupation of Japan, 1945-48''. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1997).
+* Harris, Holly. "New Zealand's Identity and New Zealand-Japan Relations: 1945-2014." (Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2015) [http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/4370/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 online].
+* Iwami, Tadashi. "Strategic partnership between Japan and New Zealand: foundation, development and prospect." ''Pacific Review'' (2020): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2020.1769156
+* Kennaway, Richard. ''New Zealand foreign policy, 1951-1971'' (1972) [https://archive.org/details/newzealandforeig0000kenn online]
+* Kennedy, Ian. ''Japan and New Zealand: Adding Value'' (Wellington: Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies, 1992).
+* McGee, Alan, et al. "Japanese language education in New Zealand: An evaluative literature review of the decline in students since 2005." (2013). [https://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/14075/2013-JLE-Literature-Review.pdf?sequence=1 online]
+* McKinnon, Malcolm. ''Independence and foreign policy: New Zealand in the world since 1935'' (Auckland University Press, 2013).
+* McNeil, Ken. "New Zealand through a Japanese glass 1869–1944." ''Japan Forum'' (2006) 18#1 pp 23–43
+* Peren, Roger. ''Japan and New Zealand 150 Years'' (Tokyo: New Zealand Centre for Japanese Studies, 1999).
+* Ryan, Greg. "‘He is Our Opponent, Not Our Enemy’: Two Rugby Tours and Australasian Perceptions of Japan during the 1930s." ''International Journal of the History of Sport'' 36.12 (2019): 1076-1095.
+* Trotter, Ann. "Coming to Terms with Japan: New Zealand's Experience, 1945--63" in ''Conflict and Amity in East Asia: Essays in Honour of Ian Nish:'' ed by T.G. Fraser and Peter Lowe, (1992)  pp 125–142.
+* Trotter, Ann. ''New Zealand and Japan 1945-1952: the occupation and the peace treaty'' (A&C Black, 2013).
+* Wallace, Corey. "Dealing with a Proactive Japan: Reconsidering Japan’s Regional Role and Its Value for New Zealand’s Foreign Policy." in ''Small States and the Changing Global Order'' (Springer, Cham, 2019) pp. 193-211.
+* Wevers, Maarten. ''Japan, Its Future, and New Zealand'' (Wellington: Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies, 1988).
 {{Foreign_relations_of_Japan}}

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