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[[File:Lansdowne Terrace, London, Sep 2016 06.jpg|thumb|Plaque in [[Lansdowne Terrace, London|Lansdowne Terrace]]]]
[[File:Lansdowne Terrace, London, Sep 2016 06.jpg|thumb|Plaque in [[Lansdowne Terrace, London|Lansdowne Terrace]]]]


'''''Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art''''' was a literary magazine published in London, UK, between December 1939 and January 1950. Published every four weeks, it was edited by [[Cyril Connolly]], who made it into a platform for a wide range of distinguished and emerging writers. It had a print run of 120 issues<ref>"[http://www.bookride.com/2007/03/horizon-1940-1949-cyril-connolly.html]", Bookride: Horizon 1940-1949, Accessed July 13, 2016.</ref>{{r|fussell1989}} or 20 volumes.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?q=editions:UOM39015019084634 Editions/Volumes of ''Horizon'': A Review of Literature and Art.]", ''[[Google Books]]'', Accessed August 25, 2013.</ref>
'''''Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art''''' was a literary magazine published in London, UK, between December 1939 and January 1950. Published every four weeks, it was edited by [[Cyril Connolly]], who made it into a platform for a wide range of distinguished and emerging writers. It had a print run of 120 issues<ref>"[http://www.bookride.com/2007/03/horizon-1940-1949-cyril-connolly.html]", Bookride: Horizon 1940–1949, Accessed July 13, 2016.</ref>{{r|fussell1989}} or 20 volumes.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?q=editions:UOM39015019084634 Editions/Volumes of ''Horizon'': A Review of Literature and Art.]", ''[[Google Books]]'', Accessed August 25, 2013.</ref>


Connolly founded ''Horizon'' after [[T. S. Eliot]] ended ''[[The Criterion]]'' in January 1939, with [[Peter Watson (arts benefactor)|Peter Watson]] as its financial backer{{r|fussell1989}} and ''de facto'' art editor. Connolly was editor throughout its publication and [[Stephen Spender]] was an uncredited associate editor until early 1941.<ref>[[Michael Shelden]] (1989): ''Friends of Promise: Cyril Connolly and the World of "Horizon"'', Hamish Hamilton / Harper & Row, {{ISBN|0-06-016138-8}}.</ref> Connolly described the magazine's goal during [[World War II]] as{{r|fussell1989}}
Connolly founded ''Horizon'' after [[T. S. Eliot]] ended ''[[The Criterion]]'' in January 1939, with [[Peter Watson (arts benefactor)|Peter Watson]] as its financial backer{{r|fussell1989}} and ''de facto'' art editor. Connolly was editor throughout its publication and [[Stephen Spender]] was an uncredited associate editor until early 1941.<ref>[[Michael Shelden]] (1989): ''Friends of Promise: Cyril Connolly and the World of "Horizon"'', Hamish Hamilton / Harper & Row, {{ISBN|0-06-016138-8}}.</ref> Connolly described the magazine's goal during [[World War II]] as{{r|fussell1989}}


{{quote|encouraging the young writers-at-arms who seem to find the need to write more irresistible as the War progresses, keeping them in touch with their French and American contemporaries--in short, continuing our policy of publishing the best critical and creative writing we can find in wartime England and maintaining the continuity of the present with the past.}}
{{quote|encouraging the young writers-at-arms who seem to find the need to write more irresistible as the War progresses, keeping them in touch with their French and American contemporaries—in short, continuing our policy of publishing the best critical and creative writing we can find in wartime England and maintaining the continuity of the present with the past.}}


The magazine had a small circulation of around 9,500, but an impressive list of contributors, and it made a significant impact on the arts during and just after the war. Connolly issued an all-Irish number in 1941, an all-Swiss number in 1946 and a U. S. number in October 1947.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804353,00.html Land of the Middlebrow]", ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', October 20, 1947.</ref> There was also a French issue and one comprising ''The Loved One'', the novel by [[Evelyn Waugh]].
The magazine had a small circulation of around 9,500, but an impressive list of contributors, and it made a significant impact on the arts during and just after the war. Connolly issued an all-Irish number in 1941, an all-Swiss number in 1946 and a U. S. number in October 1947.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203130426/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804353,00.html Land of the Middlebrow]", ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', October 20, 1947.</ref> There was also a French issue and one comprising ''The Loved One'', the novel by [[Evelyn Waugh]].


[[Paul Fussell]] praised ''Horizon'' as "one of the most civilized and civilizing of periodicals ... with material of almost unbelievable excellence". He described it as "Around 10,000 pages of exquisite poetry and prose and art reproductions, produced and read in the midst of the most discouraging and terrible destruction ... one of the high moments in the long history of British eccentricity". Waugh was less positive, telling Connolly that he heard "an ugly accent—RAF pansy" from the magazine. He twice satirized Connolly and ''Horizon'', as Ambrose Silk and ''Ivory Tower'' in ''[[Put Out More Flags]]'', and Everard Spruce and ''Survival'' in ''[[Sword of Honour]]''.<ref name="fussell1989">{{Cite book |title=Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War |last=Fussell |first=Paul |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-19-503797-9 |pages=210-220 |lccn=89002875}}</ref> Spruce, like Connolly, was the editor of a literary review, liked good food and parties, and was surrounded by helpful young ladies. Two of the women at the magazine were [[Clarissa Eden]]<ref>"[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/12/20/bohas115.xml Clarissa Eden's road to Suez]", ''[[The Daily Telegraph|Telegraph]]'', 20 December 2007.</ref> and [[Sonia Brownell]], {{r|fussell1989}} and Brownell met author [[George Orwell]] (whose real name was Eric Blair) through ''Horizon'' and later married him.
[[Paul Fussell]] praised ''Horizon'' as "one of the most civilized and civilizing of periodicals ... with material of almost unbelievable excellence". He described it as "Around 10,000 pages of exquisite poetry and prose and art reproductions, produced and read in the midst of the most discouraging and terrible destruction ... one of the high moments in the long history of British eccentricity". Waugh was less positive, telling Connolly that he heard "an ugly accent—RAF pansy" from the magazine. He twice satirized Connolly and ''Horizon'', as Ambrose Silk and ''Ivory Tower'' in ''[[Put Out More Flags]]'', and Everard Spruce and ''Survival'' in ''[[Sword of Honour]]''.<ref name="fussell1989">{{Cite book |title=Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War |last=Fussell |first=Paul |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-19-503797-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/wartimeunderstan00paul/page/210 210-220] |lccn=89002875 |url=https://archive.org/details/wartimeunderstan00paul/page/210 }}</ref> Spruce, like Connolly, was the editor of a literary review, liked good food and parties, and was surrounded by helpful young ladies. Two of the women at the magazine were [[Clarissa Eden]]<ref>"[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/12/20/bohas115.xml Clarissa Eden's road to Suez]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}", ''[[The Daily Telegraph|Telegraph]]'', 20 December 2007.</ref> and [[Sonia Brownell]], {{r|fussell1989}} and Brownell met author [[George Orwell]] (whose real name was Eric Blair) through ''Horizon'' and later married him.


==Selected list of contributors==
==Selected list of contributors==
Contributors included:<ref>"[http://www.bookride.com/2007/03/horizon-1940-1949-cyril-connolly.html ''Horizon''. 1940 - 1949. Cyril Connolly]", ''Bookride''.</ref>{{r|fussell1989}}
Contributors included:<ref>"[http://www.bookride.com/2007/03/horizon-1940-1949-cyril-connolly.html ''Horizon''. 1940–1949. Cyril Connolly]", ''Bookride''.</ref>{{r|fussell1989}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Gerland Abraham]]
*[[Gerald Abraham]]
*[[Jankel Adler]]
*[[Jankel Adler]]
*[[Louis Aragon]]
*[[Louis Aragon]]
Line 23: Line 23:
*[[George Barker (poet)|George Barker]]
*[[George Barker (poet)|George Barker]]
*[[Arturo Barea]]
*[[Arturo Barea]]
*[[Bela Bartok]]
*[[Béla Bartók]]
*[[Cecil Beaton]]
*[[Cecil Beaton]]
*[[John Betjeman]]
*[[John Betjeman]]
Line 72: Line 72:
*[[Osbert Lancaster]]
*[[Osbert Lancaster]]
*[[Alun Lewis (poet)|Alun Lewis]]
*[[Alun Lewis (poet)|Alun Lewis]]
*[[James Lord (author)]]
*[[Rose Macaulay]]
*[[Rose Macaulay]]
*[[Cecily Mackworth]]
*[[Cecily Mackworth]]
Line 77: Line 78:
*[[Louis MacNeice]]
*[[Louis MacNeice]]
*[[Olivia Manning]]
*[[Olivia Manning]]
*[[Rosemary Manning]]
*[[André Masson]]
*[[André Masson]]
*[[Robert Melville (art critic)|Robert Melville]]
*[[Robert Melville (art critic)|Robert Melville]]
Line 90: Line 92:
*[[John Piper (artist)|John Piper]]
*[[John Piper (artist)|John Piper]]
*[[William Plomer]]
*[[William Plomer]]
*[[John Pope-Hennessey]]
*[[John Pope-Hennessy]]
*[[J. B. Priestley]]
*[[J. B. Priestley]]
*[[Peter Quennell]]
*[[Peter Quennell]]
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*[[Beryl de Zoete]]
*[[Beryl de Zoete]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}

==Availability==
102 of the magazine's 120-issue run are available for browsing on the UNZ archive website.<ref>"[http://www.unz.org/Pub/Horizon Issues of ''Horizon'' magazine]", ''[http://www.unz.org/Home/Introduction UNZ.org]'', Accessed August 25, 2013.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1940 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British monthly magazines]]
[[Category:Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Defunct British literary magazines]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1940]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1940]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1949]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1949]]
[[Category:Magazines published in London]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Works by Cyril Connolly]]
[[Category:Works by Cyril Connolly]]
[[Category:London magazines]]

Latest revision as of 15:13, 21 June 2024

For other periodic publications named Horizon, see Horizon (disambiguation) § Periodicals.
Plaque in Lansdowne Terrace

Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art was a literary magazine published in London, UK, between December 1939 and January 1950. Published every four weeks, it was edited by Cyril Connolly, who made it into a platform for a wide range of distinguished and emerging writers. It had a print run of 120 issues[1][2] or 20 volumes.[3]

Connolly founded Horizon after T. S. Eliot ended The Criterion in January 1939, with Peter Watson as its financial backer[2] and de facto art editor. Connolly was editor throughout its publication and Stephen Spender was an uncredited associate editor until early 1941.[4] Connolly described the magazine's goal during World War II as[2]

encouraging the young writers-at-arms who seem to find the need to write more irresistible as the War progresses, keeping them in touch with their French and American contemporaries—in short, continuing our policy of publishing the best critical and creative writing we can find in wartime England and maintaining the continuity of the present with the past.

The magazine had a small circulation of around 9,500, but an impressive list of contributors, and it made a significant impact on the arts during and just after the war. Connolly issued an all-Irish number in 1941, an all-Swiss number in 1946 and a U. S. number in October 1947.[5] There was also a French issue and one comprising The Loved One, the novel by Evelyn Waugh.

Paul Fussell praised Horizon as "one of the most civilized and civilizing of periodicals ... with material of almost unbelievable excellence". He described it as "Around 10,000 pages of exquisite poetry and prose and art reproductions, produced and read in the midst of the most discouraging and terrible destruction ... one of the high moments in the long history of British eccentricity". Waugh was less positive, telling Connolly that he heard "an ugly accent—RAF pansy" from the magazine. He twice satirized Connolly and Horizon, as Ambrose Silk and Ivory Tower in Put Out More Flags, and Everard Spruce and Survival in Sword of Honour.[2] Spruce, like Connolly, was the editor of a literary review, liked good food and parties, and was surrounded by helpful young ladies. Two of the women at the magazine were Clarissa Eden[6] and Sonia Brownell, [2] and Brownell met author George Orwell (whose real name was Eric Blair) through Horizon and later married him.

Selected list of contributors

[edit]

Contributors included:[7][2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "[1]", Bookride: Horizon 1940–1949, Accessed July 13, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Fussell, Paul (1989). Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War. Oxford University Press. pp. 210-220. ISBN 0-19-503797-9. LCCN 89002875.
  3. ^ "Editions/Volumes of Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art.", Google Books, Accessed August 25, 2013.
  4. ^ Michael Shelden (1989): Friends of Promise: Cyril Connolly and the World of "Horizon", Hamish Hamilton / Harper & Row, ISBN 0-06-016138-8.
  5. ^ "Land of the Middlebrow", Time, October 20, 1947.
  6. ^ "Clarissa Eden's road to Suez[dead link‍]", Telegraph, 20 December 2007.
  7. ^ "Horizon. 1940–1949. Cyril Connolly", Bookride.
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