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{{Short description|AMOS communications satellite}}
{{Redirect|Amos-1|the first chapter in the biblical Book of Amos|Amos 1}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Intelsat 24 (Amos-1)
| name = AMOS-1
| names_list = [[AMOS (satellite bus)|Affordable Modular Optimized Satellite-1]]<br />Intelsat 24<br/>IS-24
| image =
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =

| image_size = 300px
| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communication]]
| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communications]]
| operator = [[Spacecom]] (1996–2009)<br/>[[Intelsat]] (2009—)
| operator = [[Spacecom|Spacecom Satellite Communications]] (1996–2009)<br />[[Intelsat]] (2009–2012)
| website = [http://www.amos-spacecom.com/amos1/page.asp?cat=43&type=4&lang=1 Amos-1]
| COSPAR_ID = 1996-030B
| COSPAR_ID = 1996-030B
| SATCAT = 23865
| SATCAT = 23865
| website = https://www.amos-spacecom.com/satellites/
| mission_duration = 12 years (planned)<br/>14+ years (achieved)
| mission_duration = 12 years (planned)<br />16 years (achieved)

| spacecraft = AMOS-1
⚫
| spacecraft_bus =
| spacecraft_type =
| manufacturer =
⚫
| spacecraft_bus = [[AMOS (satellite bus)|AMOS Bus]]
| dry_mass =
| manufacturer = [[Israel Aerospace Industries]]
| launch_mass = {{convert|961|kg}}
| launch_mass = {{cvt|961|kg}}
| power =
| dry_mass = {{cvt|580|kg}}

| dimensions = {{cvt|2.33 x 2.39 x 2.07|m}}<br />Span: {{cvt|10.55|m}} on orbit
| launch_date = {{start-date|May 16, 1996, 01:56:29|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| power = 1380 [[watt]]s
⚫
| launch_rocket = [[Ariane 4|Ariane 44L]]
| launch_date = 16 May 1996, 01:56:29 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
⚫
| launch_site = [[Guiana Space Centre|Kourou]] [[ELA-2]]
⚫
| launch_rocket = [[Ariane 4|Ariane 44L H10-3]] (V86)
⚫
| launch_contractor = [[Arianespace]]
⚫
| launch_site = [[Guiana Space Centre|Centre Spatial Guyanais]], [[Kourou]], [[ELA-2]]
⚫
| entered_service =
⚫
| launch_contractor = [[Arianespace]]

⚫
| entered_service = 1 July 1996
| disposal_type =
| disposal_type = [[Graveyard orbit]]
| deactivated = <!-- {{end-date|[insert date here]}} -->
| deactivated = July 2012

| last_contact =
| orbit_epoch =
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]<br/>{{nowrap|Later [[Geosynchronous orbit|Geosynchronous]]}}
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit]]
| orbit_longitude = 4° West (1996–2008)<br />47.3° East (2009–2011)<br />31° East (2011–2012)
| orbit_periapsis =
⚫
| apsis = gee
| orbit_apoapsis =
| trans_band = 7 (+ 2 spares) [[Ku band|Ku-band]]
| orbit_inclination =
⚫
| trans_frequency =
| orbit_period =
| trans_bandwidth = 72 [[Hertz|MHz]]
| orbit_longitude = [[4th meridian west|4° West]] (1996-2009)<br/>47.3° East (2009-)
⚫
| trans_capacity =
⚫
| apsis = gee
| trans_coverage = Europe, [[Israel]], [[Middle East]]

| programme = [[AMOS (satellite)|AMOS Series]]
| trans_band =
| previous_mission =
⚫
| trans_frequency =
| next_mission = [[AMOS-2 (satellite)|AMOS-2]]
⚫
| trans_capacity =
| programme2 = [[Intelsat|Intelsat constellation]]
| trans_coverage =
| previous_mission2 = [[Intelsat 11]]
| trans_TWTA =
| next_mission2 = [[Intelsat 14]]
| trans_EIRP =
| trans_HPBW =
}}
}}
'''Intelsat 24''', previously '''Amos-1''', is a commercial communication satellite which is operated by [[Intelsat]]. It was previously operated by [[Spacecom]] as Amos-1, and formed part of the [[Amos (satellite)|AMOS series of satellites]]. It was the first [[Israel]]i communications satellite, and was initially positioned at [[4th meridian west|4° West]] longitude in [[geostationary orbit]]. It has since been moved to 47.3 degrees East.<ref name="tachy">{{cite web|url=http://www.tachyon.com/docs/Interview-GlobalMilitary.pdf|title=Tackling the Challenges of Communication|last=Jameson|first=Helen|publisher=Global Military Communications|accessdate=14 June 2012}}</ref>
'''AMOS-1''', then '''Intelsat 24''', was a commercial [[communications satellite]] which was operated by [[Spacecom]] as AMOS-1, for ''Affordable Modular Optimized Satellite'' and formed part of the [[AMOS (satellite)|AMOS series of satellites]]. It was the first [[Israel]]i civilian communications satellite, and was initially positioned at 4° West [[longitude]] in [[geostationary orbit]].<ref name="tachy">{{cite web|url=http://www.tachyon.com/docs/Interview-GlobalMilitary.pdf|title=Tackling the Challenges of Communication|last=Jameson |first=Helen|publisher=Global Military Communications|access-date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917013846/http://www.tachyon.com/docs/Interview-GlobalMilitary.pdf|archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> Then in September 2011, it was moved to 31° East.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web|url=http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/sat_amos_1.html|title=AMOS 1|publisher=The Satellite Encyclopedia|date=28 February 2021|access-date=6 May 2021}}</ref>

Its development was based on experience from [[Ofeq]] reconnaissance satellites in association with DASA and Alcatel Espace. It was launched at May 16, 1996 from [[Kourou]] in French Guiana, aboard an [[Ariane 4]] rocket flying in the 44L configuration. It was used for home TV services (DTH/DBS by "Yes" company in Israel and by HBO and others in Europe). [[Spacecom]] succeeded quickly to fill all transmission abilities of Amos-1 and accumulated additional requests. Therefore Spacecom decided to build [[AMOS 2]], which replaced AMOS-1 on orbit at 4 degrees West. AMOS-1 carries nine K<sub>u</sub> band transponders.


== Satellite description ==
Weighing 970&nbsp;kg at launch, Amos-1 incorporated a 400 [[Newton (unit)|Newton]] liquid apogee motor and fourteen reaction control thrusters, each delivering ten Newtons of thrust for raising the satellite's orbit from geostationary transfer orbit to its final geostationary orbit as well as for its attitude control. It carried 450&nbsp;kg of propellant ([[monomethyl hydrazine]] and [[Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen|MON-3]]).
Its development was based on experience from [[Ofeq]] [[reconnaissance satellite]]s in association with [[DASA]] and [[Thales Alenia Space|Alcatel Espace]]. It was used for home television services ([[Satellite television|DTH]]/[[Satellite television|DBS]] by "[[Yes (company)|Yes]]" company in [[Israel]] and by [[HBO]] and others in Europe). Spacecom succeeded quickly to fill all transmission abilities of AMOS-1 and accumulated additional requests. Therefore, Spacecom decided to build [[AMOS-2 (satellite)|AMOS-2]], which replaced AMOS-1 on orbit at 4° West. AMOS-1 carries nine [[Ku band|Ku-band]] [[Transponder (satellite communications)|transponders]].<ref name="SPACECOM">{{cite web|url=http://www.amos-spacecom.com/amos1/page.asp?cat=43&type=4&lang=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526160753/http://www.amos-spacecom.com/amos1/page.asp?cat=43&type=4&lang=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 May 2007|title=Amos-1|publisher=Spacecom|date=26 May 2007|access-date=6 May 2021}}</ref>


Weighing 970&nbsp;kg at launch, AMOS-1 incorporated a 400 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]] [[Liquid apogee engine|liquid apogee motor]] and fourteen [[Reaction control system|reaction control thrusters]], each delivering ten newtons of thrust for raising the satellite's orbit from [[geostationary transfer orbit]] (GTO) to its final [[geostationary orbit]] as well as for its [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]]. It carried 450&nbsp;kg of propellant ([[Monomethylhydrazine]] and [[Mixed oxides of nitrogen|MON-3]]). AMOS-1 measures 10.55 m in length in its final in-orbit configuration. It is [[Spacecraft attitude control#Types of stabilization|3-axis body stabilised]] using [[Sun]] and [[Earth]] [[sensor]]s, [[momentum]] and [[reaction wheel]]s. Its solar array generates 1380 [[watt]]s power, backed up by 24 [[Ampere-hour|A·h]] [[Nickel–cadmium battery|nickel–cadmium batteries]]. Cost: US$250 million. The Israeli government supports the program since 1991 with US$15 million per year.<ref name="TSE"/>
Amos-1 measures 11.5 m in length in its final in-orbit configuration. It is 3-axis body stabilised using Sun and Earth sensors, momentum and reaction wheels. Its solar array generates 1380 W power, backed up by 24 [[ampere hour|A·h]] Ni-Cd batteries. After its launch, it was raised to its final geostationary orbit by firing the apogee boost motor in phases. After it reached the geostationary orbit, its antennae and solar panels were deployed and the satellite was placed in its allocated slot at 4° West longitude. Amos 1 and Amos 2 were placed near each other to enable [[satellite]] users to aim once and reach either satellite from the same [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]].


== Launch ==
⚫
In 2009, Amos-1 was sold to Intelsat, and became Intelsat 24.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/amos-1.htm|title=Amos-1 -> Intelsat 24|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=9 May 2010}}</ref> Intelsat moved it over the Middle East, put it into an inclined orbit to conserve fuel, and rented its capacity to [[Tachyon Networks]] for US military communications.<ref name="tachy" />
It was launched on 16 May 1996 from [[Guiana Space Centre|Centre Spatial Guyanais]], [[Kourou]] in [[French Guiana]], aboard an [[Ariane 4]] [[launch vehicle]] flying in the 44L configuration, which launched together with [[Indonesia]]n [[Palapa-C2]] satellite using Ariane 4's SPELDA system that can launch two satellites stacked on top of another. After its launch, it was raised to its final geostationary orbit by firing the apogee boost motor in phases. After it reached the geostationary orbit, its antennae and [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] were deployed and the satellite was placed in its allocated slot at 4° West longitude. AMOS-1 and AMOS-2 were placed near each other to enable [[satellite]] users to aim once and reach either satellite from the same [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]].<ref name="IAI">{{cite web|url=http://www.iai.co.il/2013/35072-39210-en/SystemMissileandSpace_SpaceDivision_CommunicationSatellites_Amos1.aspx|title=AMOS-1 Communications Satellite|publisher=Israel Aerospace Industries|date=2015-10-12|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref> Launch was insured for over US$145 million. The satellite AMOS-1 was operational on 1 July 1996.<ref name="TSE"/>


==See also==
== Intelsat 24 ==
⚫
In 2009, AMOS-1 was sold to [[Intelsat]], and became Intelsat 24 (IS-24).<ref name="Gunter">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/amos-1.htm|title=Amos-1 -> Intelsat 24|last=Krebs|first=Gunter |publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=18 November 2019|access-date=6 May 2021}}</ref> Intelsat moved it over the [[Middle East]], put it into an inclined orbit to conserve fuel, and rented its capacity to [[Tachyon Networks]] for U.S. military communications.<ref name="tachy"/>
⚫
*[[List of Intelsat satellites]]
⚫
*[[List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit]]


==References==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
⚫
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* [[List of Intelsat satellites]]
⚫
* [[List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit]]


==External links==
== References ==
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}
*http://www.amos-spacecom.com/amos1/page.asp?cat=43&type=4&lang=1


{{Intelsat}}
{{Intelsat}}
Line 69: Line 72:


[[Category:Satellite television]]
[[Category:Satellite television]]
[[Category:Satellites using the AMOS bus|AMOS-1]]
[[Category:Communications satellites of Israel]]
[[Category:Communications satellites of Israel]]
[[Category:1996 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1996]]
[[Category:Intelsat satellites]]
[[Category:Intelsat satellites]]
[[Category:1996 in Israel]]

Latest revision as of 08:20, 22 June 2024

"Amos-1" redirects here. For the first chapter in the biblical Book of Amos, see Amos 1.

AMOS-1
NamesAffordable Modular Optimized Satellite-1
Intelsat 24
IS-24
Mission typeCommunications
OperatorSpacecom Satellite Communications (1996–2009)
Intelsat (2009–2012)
COSPAR ID1996-030B Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.23865
Websitehttps://www.amos-spacecom.com/satellites/
Mission duration12 years (planned)
16 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftAMOS-1
BusAMOS Bus
ManufacturerIsrael Aerospace Industries
Launch mass961 kg (2,119 lb)
Dry mass580 kg (1,280 lb)
Dimensions2.33 m × 2.39 m × 2.07 m (7 ft 8 in × 7 ft 10 in × 6 ft 9 in)
Span: 10.55 m (34.6 ft) on orbit
Power1380 watts
Start of mission
Launch date16 May 1996, 01:56:29 UTC
RocketAriane 44L H10-3 (V86)
Launch siteCentre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou, ELA-2
ContractorArianespace
Entered service1 July 1996
End of mission
DisposalGraveyard orbit
DeactivatedJuly 2012
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeGeostationary orbit
Longitude4° West (1996–2008)
47.3° East (2009–2011)
31° East (2011–2012)
Transponders
Band7 (+ 2 spares) Ku-band
Bandwidth72 MHz
Coverage areaEurope, Israel, Middle East
AMOS-2 →

AMOS-1, then Intelsat 24, was a commercial communications satellite which was operated by Spacecom as AMOS-1, for Affordable Modular Optimized Satellite and formed part of the AMOS series of satellites. It was the first Israeli civilian communications satellite, and was initially positioned at 4° West longitude in geostationary orbit.[1] Then in September 2011, it was moved to 31° East.[2]

Satellite description

[edit]

Its development was based on experience from Ofeq reconnaissance satellites in association with DASA and Alcatel Espace. It was used for home television services (DTH/DBS by "Yes" company in Israel and by HBO and others in Europe). Spacecom succeeded quickly to fill all transmission abilities of AMOS-1 and accumulated additional requests. Therefore, Spacecom decided to build AMOS-2, which replaced AMOS-1 on orbit at 4° West. AMOS-1 carries nine Ku-band transponders.[3]

Weighing 970 kg at launch, AMOS-1 incorporated a 400 newtons liquid apogee motor and fourteen reaction control thrusters, each delivering ten newtons of thrust for raising the satellite's orbit from geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) to its final geostationary orbit as well as for its attitude control. It carried 450 kg of propellant (Monomethylhydrazine and MON-3). AMOS-1 measures 10.55 m in length in its final in-orbit configuration. It is 3-axis body stabilised using Sun and Earth sensors, momentum and reaction wheels. Its solar array generates 1380 watts power, backed up by 24 A·h nickel–cadmium batteries. Cost: US$250 million. The Israeli government supports the program since 1991 with US$15 million per year.[2]

Launch

[edit]

It was launched on 16 May 1996 from Centre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou in French Guiana, aboard an Ariane 4 launch vehicle flying in the 44L configuration, which launched together with Indonesian Palapa-C2 satellite using Ariane 4's SPELDA system that can launch two satellites stacked on top of another. After its launch, it was raised to its final geostationary orbit by firing the apogee boost motor in phases. After it reached the geostationary orbit, its antennae and solar panels were deployed and the satellite was placed in its allocated slot at 4° West longitude. AMOS-1 and AMOS-2 were placed near each other to enable satellite users to aim once and reach either satellite from the same antenna.[4] Launch was insured for over US$145 million. The satellite AMOS-1 was operational on 1 July 1996.[2]

Intelsat 24

[edit]

In 2009, AMOS-1 was sold to Intelsat, and became Intelsat 24 (IS-24).[5] Intelsat moved it over the Middle East, put it into an inclined orbit to conserve fuel, and rented its capacity to Tachyon Networks for U.S. military communications.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Jameson, Helen. "Tackling the Challenges of Communication" (PDF). Global Military Communications. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  2. ^ a b c "AMOS 1". The Satellite Encyclopedia. 28 February 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  3. ^ "Amos-1". Spacecom. 26 May 2007. Archived from the original on 26 May 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  4. ^ "AMOS-1 Communications Satellite". Israel Aerospace Industries. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  5. ^ Krebs, Gunter (18 November 2019). "Amos-1 -> Intelsat 24". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
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