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{{Use Australian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
[[File:All Saints Chapel, known as the Bush Brotherhood of St Paul, Charleville, 1933.jpg|thumb|All Saints Chapel, known as the Bush Brotherhood of St Paul, Charleville, 1933]]
[[File:All Saints Chapel, known as the Bush Brotherhood of St Paul, Charleville, 1933.jpg|thumb|All Saints Chapel, known as the Bush Brotherhood of St Paul, Charleville, 1933]]
[[File:Reverend Harold Hodson, Church of England bush brother, stationed at Richmond North Queensland, circa 1915.jpg|thumb|upright|The Reverend Harold Victor Hodson, Bush Brother from England, stationed at [[Richmond, Queensland|Richmond]], Queensland, 1913—1916]]
[[File:Reverend Harold Hodson, Church of England bush brother, stationed at Richmond North Queensland, circa 1915.jpg|thumb|upright|The Reverend Harold Victor Hodson, Bush Brother from England, stationed at [[Richmond, Queensland]], 1913–1916]]
The '''Bush Brotherhood''' was a group of [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] religious orders providing itinerant priests to minister to sparsely-settled rural districts in Australia. They were described as a "band of men" who could "preach like Apostles" and "ride like cowboys".<ref name=cbh>{{cite web|title=Ministry in rural and outback communities|url=http://intranet.cbhslewisham.nsw.edu.au:82/sor/concepta.asp?resource=12&conid=35|accessdate=26 December 2014}}</ref>
The '''Bush Brotherhood''' was a group of [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] religious orders providing itinerant priests to minister to sparsely-settled rural districts in Australia. They were described as a "band of men" who could "preach like Apostles" and "ride like cowboys".<ref name=cbh>{{cite web|title=Ministry in rural and outback communities|url=http://intranet.cbhslewisham.nsw.edu.au:82/sor/concepta.asp?resource=12&conid=35|accessdate=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412154118/http://intranet.cbhslewisham.nsw.edu.au:82/sor/concepta.asp?resource=12&conid=35|archive-date=12 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The St Andrew's Bush Brotherhood was established in 1897 in [[Longreach]], [[Queensland]], by the [[Bishop of Stepney]], Canon Body and the [[Anglican Bishop of Rockhampton|Bishop of Rockhampton]], [[Nathaniel Dawes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139158461 |title=The Church. |newspaper=[[The Australasian |The Australasian (Melbourne, Vic. : 1864 - 1946)]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=6 April 1901 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76569947 |title=Work Without Pay. |newspaper=[[The_Western_Champion|The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts (Barcaldine, Qld. : 1892 - 1922)]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=18 November 1901 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=14 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52533136 |title=No title. |newspaper=[[The_Morning_Bulletin|Morning Bulletin (Rockhampton, Qld. : 1878 - 1954)]] |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=21 September 1897 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The first group of brothers was led by [[the Reverend]] [[George Halford]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30506583 |title=Religious News And Views. |newspaper=[[The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)|The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954)]] |location=Adelaide, SA |date=11 January 1947 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=12 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
The St Andrew's Bush Brotherhood was established in 1897 in [[Longreach]], [[Queensland]], by the [[Bishop of Stepney]], Canon Body and the [[Anglican Bishop of Rockhampton|Bishop of Rockhampton]], [[Nathaniel Dawes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139158461 |title=The Church. |newspaper=[[The Australasian]] |location=Melbourne |date=6 April 1901 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/139158461 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76569947 |title=Work Without Pay. |newspaper=[[The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=18 November 1901 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=14 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071748/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/76569947 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52533136 |title=Untitled |newspaper=[[The Morning Bulletin]] |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=21 September 1897 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071748/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/52533136 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first group of brothers was led by [[the Reverend]] [[George Halford (bishop)|George Halford]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30506583 |title=Religious News And Views. |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |location=Adelaide |date=11 January 1947 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071748/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/30506583 |url-status=live }}</ref>


The Brotherhood of St Barnabas was established in 1902 in [[Herberton, Queensland|Herberton]], Queensland by Aneirun Vaughan Williams and Joseph Braybarton. It was also known as the North Queensland Brotherhood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brotherhood of St Barnabas (BSB) |url=https://www.anglicanconsecratedlife.org/index.php/community-information/recognised-communities/9-brotherhood-of-st-barnabas |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=Anglican Consecrated Life |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006042738/https://anglicanconsecratedlife.org/index.php/community-information/recognised-communities/9-brotherhood-of-st-barnabas |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd was established about 1903 in [[Dubbo]], [[New South Wales]].<ref name=shepherd>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14541290 |title=Bush Mission Work. |newspaper=[[Sydney_morning_herald|The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954)]] |location=NSW |date=3 September 1903 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>


The Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd was established about 1903 in [[Dubbo]], [[New South Wales]].<ref name=shepherd>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14541290 |title=Bush Mission Work. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=3 September 1903 |accessdate=25 September 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071748/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14541290 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd published ''[[The Bush Brother (magazine)|The Bush Brother]]'' magazine from 1904 to 1980.<ref>{{Citation | author1=Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd (Dubbo, N.S.W.) | title=The Bush brother : a quarterly paper | date=1904 | publisher=Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/13163013 | accessdate=25 June 2018 | archive-date=30 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071748/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/13163013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
⚫
In 1922, [[Bryan Robin]] published a book ''"The Sundowner"'' about his experiences in the Bush Brotherhood of St Barnabas in North Queensland from 1914 to 1921. This book attracted other priests to join the brotherhood.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title = Robin, Bryan Percival (1887–1969)|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/robin-bryan-percival-11546|publisher = National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|location = Canberra|first = Robin|last = Radford}}</ref>


The Bush Brotherhood of St Boniface operated in the [[Anglican Diocese of Bunbury|Diocese of Bunbury]] in [[Western Australia]] from July 1911 to 1929.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26345335 |title=COUNTRY. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=13 July 1911 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071749/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/26345335 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article147413787 |title=Brotherhood of St Boniface. |newspaper=[[Great Southern Herald]] |location=Katanning, WA |date=11 September 1929 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/147413787 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Brotherhood of St John the Baptist was established in [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]], [[South Australia]].<ref name=":0" />


⚫
In 1922, [[Bryan Robin]] published a book ''"The Sundowner"'' about his experiences in the Bush Brotherhood of St Barnabas in North Queensland from 1914 to 1921. This book attracted other priests to join the brotherhood.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title = Robin, Bryan Percival (1887–1969)|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/robin-bryan-percival-11546|publisher = National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|location = Canberra|first = Robin|last = Radford|access-date = 2015-09-26|archive-date = 2015-09-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150926143001/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/robin-bryan-percival-11546|url-status = live}}</ref>
⚫
The Bush Brotherhood of St Paul operated in [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]] and [[Cunnamulla]] in Queensland.


The Bush Brotherhood of St Boniface operated in the [[Anglican Diocese of Bunbury|Diocese of Bunbury]] in [[Western Australia]].
The Brotherhood of St John the Baptist was established in [[Murray Bridge, South Australia]].<ref name=":0" />

⚫
The Bush Brotherhood of St Paul operated in [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]] and [[Cunnamulla]] in Queensland.


==Operation of the orders==
==Operation of the orders==
There were a number of different [[religious order|orders]] of Bush Brothers, but all operated on a similar basis of an almost monastic life, committed to:<ref name=cbh/>
There were a number of different [[religious order|orders]] of Bush Brothers, but all operated on a similar basis of an almost monastic life, committed to:<ref name=cbh/>
* temporary vows of poverty, chastity and obedience
* temporary vows of [[poverty, chastity and obedience]]
* periodic returns from the bush to a community house for spiritual replenishment
* periodic returns from the bush to a community house for spiritual replenishment
* obedience to a warden or principal (often a bishop)
* obedience to a warden or principal (often a bishop)
Line 25: Line 29:
* holding services
* holding services
* administering sacraments
* administering sacraments
The Bush Brothers were either single (or left their wives behind during their period of service). Many were recruited from [[England]] where life in the [[Outback]] had a romantic appeal. Australian brothers were less frequently recruited.<ref name=cbh/>
The Bush Brothers were either single (or left their wives behind during their period of service). Many were recruited from England where life in the [[Outback]] had a romantic appeal. Australian brothers were less frequently recruited.<ref name=cbh/>


Although the Bush Brothers originally rode horses, they drove vehicles in later years.
Although the Bush Brothers originally rode horses, they drove vehicles in later years.
Line 36: Line 40:
* [[John Feetham (bishop)|John Feetham]], Bishop of North Queensland
* [[John Feetham (bishop)|John Feetham]], Bishop of North Queensland
* [[Godfrey Fryar]], Bishop of Rockhampton
* [[Godfrey Fryar]], Bishop of Rockhampton
* [[George Halford]], Bishop of Rockhampton
* [[George Halford (bishop)|George Halford]], Bishop of Rockhampton
* [[Frederick Hulton-Sams]], known as the "fighting parson" for his boxing skills, he died in 1915 in [[World War 1]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79752496 |title=Rev. and Lieut. Frederick Hulton Sams, B.A. |newspaper=[[The_Western_Champion|The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts (Barcaldine, Qld. : 1892 - 1922)]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=14 August 1915 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79329435 |title=Frederick Hulton--Sams. |newspaper=[[The_Western_Champion|The Western Champion (Barcaldine, Qld. : 1922 - 1937)]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=18 July 1925 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite QHR|14797|St Peter's Anglican Church and Hall|600022|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref> His friends wrote a book about his experiences as a bush brother.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69374509 |title=THE LATE REV. F. HULTON SAMS. |newspaper=[[The_Capricornian|The Capricornian (Rockhampton, Qld. : 1875 - 1929)]] |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=15 April 1916 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=19 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
* [[Frederick Hulton-Sams]], known as the "fighting parson" for his boxing skills, he died in 1915 in World War I.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79752496 |title=Rev. and Lieut. Frederick Hulton Sams, B.A. |newspaper=[[The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=14 August 1915 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071749/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/79752496 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79329435 |title=Frederick Hulton-Sams. |newspaper=[[The Western Champion]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=18 July 1925 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071749/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/79329435 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=qhr>{{cite QHR|14797|St Peter's Anglican Church and Hall|600022|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article45332513 |title=FIGHTING PARSON KILLED. |newspaper=[[The Barrier Miner]] |location=Broken Hill, NSW |date=22 August 1915 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/45332513 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article179902839 |title=MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY. |newspaper=[[The Daily Standard (Brisbane)|Daily Standard]] |location=Brisbane |date=21 August 1915 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=12 Edition: SECOND EDITION |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071749/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/179902839 |url-status=live }}</ref> His friends wrote a book about his experiences as a bush brother.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69374509 |title=THE LATE REV. F. HULTON SAMS. |newspaper=[[The Capricornian]] |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=15 April 1916 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=19 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/69374509 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[John Hazlewood]], Bishop of Ballarat
* [[John Hazlewood]], Bishop of Ballarat
* [[Barry Hunter (bishop)|Barry Hunter]], Bishop of Riverina
* [[Barry Hunter (bishop)|Barry Hunter]], Bishop of Riverina
* [[Hamish Jamieson]], Bishop of Carpentaria and Bunbury
* [[Hamish Jamieson]], Bishop of Carpentaria and Bunbury
* [[Ken Mason (bishop)|Ken Mason]], Bishop of the Northern Territory, Chairman of the Australian Board of Missions
* [[Lionel Renfrey]], Dean of Adelaide
* [[Lionel Renfrey]], Dean of Adelaide, Assistant Bishop, Diocese of Adelaide
* [[Bryan Robin]], Bishop of Adelaide
* [[Bryan Robin]], Bishop of Adelaide
* [[Guy Roxby]], died from typhoid in 1913, the first Brother to die in service <ref name=qhr/><ref name="The Late Rev. G. J. Roxby">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79744749 |title=The Late Rev. G. J. Roxby. |newspaper=[[The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts]] |location=Barcaldine, Qld. |date=19 April 1913 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/79744749 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127847991 |title=NEWS OF THE CHURCHES. |newspaper=[[The Maitland Weekly Mercury]] |location=NSW |date=5 July 1913 |accessdate=26 September 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830071750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/127847991 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Richard Thomas (bishop)|Richard Thomas]], Bishop of Willochra
* [[Richard Thomas (bishop)|Richard Thomas]], Bishop of Willochra
* [[Graham Howard Walden]], [[Bishop of the Murray|Bishop of The Murray]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Years of faith for this bush brother|url=http://www.dailyliberal.com.au/story/869214/years-of-faith-for-this-bush-brother/|website=The Daily Liberal|accessdate=28 March 2016|archive-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410191724/http://www.dailyliberal.com.au/story/869214/years-of-faith-for-this-bush-brother/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Arnold Wylde]], Bishop of Bathurst


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
The narrator of [[Nevil Shute]]'s novel ''[[In the Wet]]'' is a member of the Bush Brotherhood and provides a (fictional) account of the life of one of these itinerant priests.
The narrator of [[Nevil Shute]]'s novel ''[[In the Wet]]'' is a member of the Bush Brotherhood and provides a (fictional) account of the life of one of these itinerant priests.

==See also==
* [[The Bush Brother]]


==References==
==References==
Line 52: Line 63:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{Citation | author1=Webb, Paul | title=Brothers in the sun : a history of the Bush Brotherhood Movement in the outback of Australia | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/39868918| publication-date=1978 | publisher=Rigby | isbn=978-0-7270-0623-3 }}
* {{Citation | author1=Webb, Paul | title=Brothers in the sun : a history of the Bush Brotherhood Movement in the outback of Australia | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/39868918| date=1978 | publisher=Rigby | isbn=978-0-7270-0623-3 }}
* {{Citation | author1=Robin, B. P. (Bryan Percival) | title=The Sundowner | publication-date=1922 | publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/22119414 }}
* {{Citation | author1=Robin, B. P. (Bryan Percival) | title=The Sundowner | date=1922 | publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/22119414 }}
* {{Citation | title=Frederick Hulton-Sams, the fighting parson : impressions of his five years' ministry in the Queensland bush, recorded by some who knew and loved him | publication-date=1915 | publisher=Theo. F. Barker | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/19305250 }} — available [http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-6424417 online]
* {{Citation | title=Frederick Hulton-Sams, the fighting parson: impressions of his five years' ministry in the Queensland bush, recorded by some who knew and loved him | date=1915 | publisher=Theo. F. Barker | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/19305250 }} — available [http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-6424417 online]


[[Category:Anglican Church in Australia]]
[[Category:Anglican Church of Australia]]
[[Category:Anglican orders and communities]]
[[Category:Anglican orders and communities]]

Latest revision as of 11:01, 22 June 2024

All Saints Chapel, known as the Bush Brotherhood of St Paul, Charleville, 1933
The Reverend Harold Victor Hodson, Bush Brother from England, stationed at Richmond, Queensland, 1913–1916

The Bush Brotherhood was a group of Anglican religious orders providing itinerant priests to minister to sparsely-settled rural districts in Australia. They were described as a "band of men" who could "preach like Apostles" and "ride like cowboys".[1]

History

[edit]

The St Andrew's Bush Brotherhood was established in 1897 in Longreach, Queensland, by the Bishop of Stepney, Canon Body and the Bishop of Rockhampton, Nathaniel Dawes.[2][3][4] The first group of brothers was led by the Reverend George Halford.[5]

The Brotherhood of St Barnabas was established in 1902 in Herberton, Queensland by Aneirun Vaughan Williams and Joseph Braybarton. It was also known as the North Queensland Brotherhood.[6]

The Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd was established about 1903 in Dubbo, New South Wales.[7] The Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd published The Bush Brother magazine from 1904 to 1980.[8]

The Bush Brotherhood of St Boniface operated in the Diocese of Bunbury in Western Australia from July 1911 to 1929.[9][10]

In 1922, Bryan Robin published a book "The Sundowner" about his experiences in the Bush Brotherhood of St Barnabas in North Queensland from 1914 to 1921. This book attracted other priests to join the brotherhood.[11]

The Brotherhood of St John the Baptist was established in Murray Bridge, South Australia.[5]

The Bush Brotherhood of St Paul operated in Charleville and Cunnamulla in Queensland.

Operation of the orders

[edit]

There were a number of different orders of Bush Brothers, but all operated on a similar basis of an almost monastic life, committed to:[1]

  • temporary vows of poverty, chastity and obedience
  • periodic returns from the bush to a community house for spiritual replenishment
  • obedience to a warden or principal (often a bishop)

Their duties included:[7]

  • giving religious instruction in schools
  • holding services
  • administering sacraments

The Bush Brothers were either single (or left their wives behind during their period of service). Many were recruited from England where life in the Outback had a romantic appeal. Australian brothers were less frequently recruited.[1]

Although the Bush Brothers originally rode horses, they drove vehicles in later years.

Notable members

[edit]
[edit]

The narrator of Nevil Shute's novel In the Wet is a member of the Bush Brotherhood and provides a (fictional) account of the life of one of these itinerant priests.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Ministry in rural and outback communities". Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  2. ^ "The Church". The Australasian. Melbourne. 6 April 1901. p. 5. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ "Work Without Pay". The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts. Barcaldine, Qld. 18 November 1901. p. 14. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "Untitled". The Morning Bulletin. Rockhampton, Qld. 21 September 1897. p. 5. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ a b "Religious News And Views". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 11 January 1947. p. 12. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "Brotherhood of St Barnabas (BSB)". Anglican Consecrated Life. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Bush Mission Work". The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 September 1903. p. 5. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd (Dubbo, N.S.W.) (1904), The Bush brother : a quarterly paper, Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd, archived from the original on 30 August 2022, retrieved 25 June 2018
  9. ^ "COUNTRY". The West Australian. Perth. 13 July 1911. p. 8. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "Brotherhood of St Boniface". Great Southern Herald. Katanning, WA. 11 September 1929. p. 6. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ Radford, Robin. Robin, Bryan Percival (1887–1969). Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  12. ^ "Rev. and Lieut. Frederick Hulton Sams, B.A." The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts. Barcaldine, Qld. 14 August 1915. p. 6. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "Frederick Hulton-Sams". The Western Champion. Barcaldine, Qld. 18 July 1925. p. 4. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ a b "St Peter's Anglican Church and Hall (entry 600022)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  15. ^ "FIGHTING PARSON KILLED". The Barrier Miner. Broken Hill, NSW. 22 August 1915. p. 3. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY". Daily Standard. Brisbane. 21 August 1915. p. 12 Edition: SECOND EDITION. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "THE LATE REV. F. HULTON SAMS". The Capricornian. Rockhampton, Qld. 15 April 1916. p. 19. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ "The Late Rev. G. J. Roxby". The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts. Barcaldine, Qld. 19 April 1913. p. 11. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "NEWS OF THE CHURCHES". The Maitland Weekly Mercury. NSW. 5 July 1913. p. 5. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. ^ "Years of faith for this bush brother". The Daily Liberal. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.

Further reading

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