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{{Short description|Family of folding trapdoor spiders}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
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| name = folding trapdoor spiders
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cretaceous|present}}
| name = Folding trapdoor spiders
| image = Antrodiaetus unicolor, female.jpg
| image = Antrodiaetus unicolor, female.jpg
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| image_caption = ''[[Antrodiaetus unicolor]]'', female
| image_width =
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| taxon = Antrodiaetidae
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| image_caption = ''Antrodiaetus unicolor'', female
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| authority = [[Willis J. Gertsch|Gertsch]], 1940
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Arachnid]]a
| ordo = [[Spider|Araneae]]
| subordo = [[Mygalomorphae]]
| superfamilia = [[Atypoidea]]
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| familia = '''Antrodiaetidae'''
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| familia_authority = [[Willis J. Gertsch|Gertsch]], 1940
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| diversity_link = List of Antrodiaetidae species
| diversity = 2 genera, 32 species
| range_map = Distribution.antrodiaetidae.1.png
| range_map = Distribution.antrodiaetidae.1.png
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| diversity = [[#Genera|2 genera]], [[List of Antrodiaetidae species|35 species]]
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = ''[[Aliatypus]]'' Smith, 1908<br>''[[Antrodiaetus]]'' Ausserer, 1871
| subdivision = [[#Genera|See text]].
}}
}}
'''Antrodiaetidae''', also known as '''folding trapdoor spiders''' or '''folding-door spiders''', is a small [[spider]] family related to [[Atypidae|atypical tarantulas]]. They are found almost exclusively in the western and midwestern United States, from [[California]] to [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] and east to the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name=NMBE /> Exceptions include ''[[Antrodiaetus roretzi]]'' and ''[[Antrodiaetus yesoensis]]'', which are endemic to [[Japan]] and are considered [[Relict (biology)|relict]] species. It is likely that two separate [[vicariance]] events led to the evolution of these two species.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Miller| first1=J.A| last2=Coyle| first2=F.A.| year=1996| title=Cladistic analysis of the ''Atypoides'' plus ''Antrodiaetus'' lineage of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae)| journal=Journal of Arachnology| volume=24| issue=3| pages=201–213| url=http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_V24_n3/JoA_v24_p201.pdf| access-date=2006-08-23| archive-date=2020-10-01| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001215903/http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_V24_n3/JoA_v24_p201.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''Antrodiaetidae''' is a small [[spider]] family, known as '''folding trapdoor spiders'''. There are about 30 species in two genera (''[[Aliatypus]]'' and ''[[Antrodiaetus]]''). They are related to the [[Atypidae]] (atypical tarantulas).


==Distribution==
==Genera==
{{As of|2020|07}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Antrodiaetidae Gertsch, 1940| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2020-07-24| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/7}}</ref>
Antrodiaetids are found almost exclusively in the United States, in the west ([[California]], [[Arizona]], [[Nevada]], [[Utah]], [[Oregon]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Idaho]]), the midwest ([[Missouri]], [[Kansas]], [[Arkansas]], [[Illinois]]), and the east (centered in the [[Appalachian mountains]]).
*''[[Aliatypus]]'' <small>Smith, 1908</small> — United States
*''[[Antrodiaetus]]'' <small>Ausserer, 1871</small> — United States, Japan
*''[[Atypoides]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1883</small> — United States
*''[[Hexura]]'' <small>Simon, 1884</small> — United States


==Name==
Two species (''Antrodiaetus roretzi'' and ''A. yesoensis'') are endemic to Japan. They are considered [[relict]] species; two separate [[vicariance]] events probably led to the evolution of these two species (Miller & Coyle, 1996).


The name “folding-door” describes how they open or close the entrance to their burrow; they unfold or fold the door.
The three species of the former genus ''Atypoides'' are now included in the genus ''Antrodiaetus'' (Hendrixson & Bond, 2007).


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of Antrodiaetidae species]]
* [[List of Antrodiaetidae species]]
* [[Spider families]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>
* {{aut|Miller, J.A & Coyle, F.A.}} (1996). Cladistic analysis of the ''Atypoides'' plus ''Antrodiaetus'' lineage of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae). ''Journal of Arachnology'' 24(3):201-213. [http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_V24_n3/JoA_v24_p201.pdf PDF] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060923171642/http://www.evergreen.edu/alumni/writersproject/jeremymiller.htm Abstract]
* Hendrixson, B.E. & Bond, J.E. (2005). Two sympatric species of ''Antrodiaetus'' from southwestern North Carolina (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae). ''Zootaxa'' 872:1-19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060919013059/http://core.ecu.edu/biol/bondja/publications/Hendrixson%20%26%20Bond%20%282005a%29%20Microunicolor.pdf PDF] (''A. unicolor'', ''A. microunicolor'')
*{{aut|Hendrixson, B.E. & Bond, J.E.}} (2005). Two sympatric species of ''Antrodiaetus'' from southwestern North Carolina (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae). ''Zootaxa'' 872:1-19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060919013059/http://core.ecu.edu/biol/bondja/publications/Hendrixson%20%26%20Bond%20%282005a%29%20Microunicolor.pdf PDF] (''A. unicolor'', ''A. microunicolor'')
* {{aut|Hendrixson, B.E. & Bond, J.E.}} (2007). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of an ancient Holarctic lineage of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae: ''Antrodiaetus''). ''Molec. Phylogen. Evol.'' '''42''': 738-755. {{DOI|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.09.010}}
* {{aut|Platnick, Norman I.}} (2008): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/ANTRODIAETIDAE.html The world spider catalog], version 8.5. ''American Museum of Natural History''.


==External links==
==External links==
{{wikispecies|Antrodiaetidae}}
{{Commons category|Antrodiaetidae}}
{{commons category|Antrodiaetidae}}
{{Wikispecies|Antrodiaetidae}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060623161807/http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Animals/Spiders/Folding_Door_Spider/Folding_Door_Spider.html Images of a folding trapdoor spider]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060623161807/http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Animals/Spiders/Folding_Door_Spider/Folding_Door_Spider.html Images of a folding trapdoor spider]
{{Araneae}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5874}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Mygalomorphae]]
[[Category:Antrodiaetidae| ]]
[[Category:Spider families]]
[[Category:Mygalomorphae families]]
[[Category:Spiders of the United States]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Willis J. Gertsch]]
[[Category:Spiders of Asia]]




{{Spider-stub}}
{{Antrodiaetidae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:56, 22 June 2024

Folding trapdoor spiders
Temporal range: Cretaceous–present
Antrodiaetus unicolor, female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Clade: Atypoidea
Family: Antrodiaetidae
Gertsch, 1940
Genera

See text.

Diversity
2 genera, 35 species

Antrodiaetidae, also known as folding trapdoor spiders or folding-door spiders, is a small spider family related to atypical tarantulas. They are found almost exclusively in the western and midwestern United States, from California to Washington and east to the Appalachian Mountains.[1] Exceptions include Antrodiaetus roretzi and Antrodiaetus yesoensis, which are endemic to Japan and are considered relict species. It is likely that two separate vicariance events led to the evolution of these two species.[2]

Genera

[edit]

As of July 2020, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera:[1]

  • Aliatypus Smith, 1908 — United States
  • Antrodiaetus Ausserer, 1871 — United States, Japan
  • Atypoides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1883 — United States
  • Hexura Simon, 1884 — United States

Name

[edit]

The name “folding-door” describes how they open or close the entrance to their burrow; they unfold or fold the door.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Family: Antrodiaetidae Gertsch, 1940". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  2. ^ Miller, J.A; Coyle, F.A. (1996). "Cladistic analysis of the Atypoides plus Antrodiaetus lineage of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 24 (3): 201–213. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
  • Hendrixson, B.E. & Bond, J.E. (2005). Two sympatric species of Antrodiaetus from southwestern North Carolina (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae). Zootaxa 872:1-19. PDF (A. unicolor, A. microunicolor)
[edit]
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