Bogan River: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|River in Australia}} |
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{{Other uses|Bogan (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Use Australian English|date=October 2012}} |
{{Use Australian English|date=October 2012}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} |
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{{Infobox river |
{{Infobox river |
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| name = Bogan River |
| name = Bogan River |
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| name_other = |
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| name_etymology = 1. [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]]: the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe;<ref name=gnb/><ref name="Australian Places"/> |
| name_etymology = 1. [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]]: the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe;<ref name=gnb/><ref name="Australian Places">{{cite book |title=Reader's Digest Guide to Australian Places |publisher=Reader's Digest (Australia) Pty. Limited |location=Sydney |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-86438-399-0 }}</ref> |
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<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> |
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| image = Bogan River-Nyngan.JPG |
| image = Bogan River-Nyngan.JPG |
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| river_system = [[Macquarie River|Macquarie]]–[[Barwon River (New South Wales)|Barwon]] sub-catchment,<br />[[Darling River]] catchment,<br />[[Murray-Darling basin]] |
| river_system = [[Macquarie River|Macquarie]]–[[Barwon River (New South Wales)|Barwon]] sub-catchment,<br />[[Darling River]] catchment,<br />[[Murray-Darling basin]] |
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| basin_size = {{convert|18000|km2|abbr=on}} |
| basin_size = {{convert|18000|km2|abbr=on}} |
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| tributaries_left = [[Genaren Creek]], [[Sandy Creek (Central West, New South Wales)|Sandy Creek]], Bulbodney Creek |
| tributaries_left = [[Genaren Creek]], [[Sandy Creek (Central West, New South Wales)|Sandy Creek]], Bulbodney Creek, Little Bogan River |
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| tributaries_right = Cookopie Creek, Burrill Creek, Gundong Creek, Tomingley Creek, Mulla Mulla Cowal, Moonagee Cowal, [[Gunningbar Creek]], Nyangi Bogan Cowal, Bywash Billabong, Kellys Cowal |
| tributaries_right = Cookopie Creek, Burrill Creek, Gundong Creek, Tomingley Creek, Mulla Mulla Cowal, Moonagee Cowal, [[Gunningbar Creek]], Nyangi Bogan Cowal, Duck Creek, Bywash Billabong, Kellys Cowal |
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'''Bogan River''', a [[Perennial stream|perennial river]] that is part of the [[Macquarie River|Macquarie]]–[[Barwon River (New South Wales)|Barwon]] catchment within the [[Murray–Darling basin]], is located in the [[Central West (New South Wales)|central west]] and [[Orana (New South Wales)|Orana]] regions of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]. |
'''Bogan River''', a [[Perennial stream|perennial river]] that is part of the [[Macquarie River|Macquarie]]–[[Barwon River (New South Wales)|Barwon]] catchment within the [[Murray–Darling basin]], is located in the [[Central West (New South Wales)|central west]] and [[Orana (New South Wales)|Orana]] regions of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]. |
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From its origin near [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]], the Bogan River flows for about {{convert|617|km}} in length and [[tributary|flows into]] the Little Bogan River<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=196975&cmd=sp |title=Map of Little Bogan River, NSW |publisher=Bonzle Digital Maps of Australia | |
From its origin near [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]], the Bogan River flows for about {{convert|617|km}} in length and [[tributary|flows into]] the Little Bogan River<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=196975&cmd=sp |title=Map of Little Bogan River, NSW |publisher=Bonzle Digital Maps of Australia |access-date=21 October 2012}}</ref> to form the [[Darling River]]{{fact|date=May 2023}}, near [[Bourke, New South Wales|Bourke]].<ref name="AE">{{cite book |editor=Chisholm, Alec H. |title=The Australian Encyclopaedia |volume=2 |page=46 |chapter=Bogan River |publisher=Halstead Press |location=Sydney |year=1963 }}</ref> |
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The name Bogan is supposedly an [[Indigenous Australians|Australian Aboriginal]] ([[Wiradjuri language|Wiradjuri]] or [[Ngiyambaa language|Ngiyambaa]]) term meaning 'the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe';<ref name=punch>{{cite news |url=http://www.thepunch.com.au/articles/on-the-origin-of-the-bogan-as-a-species/ |title=On the origins of the bogan as a species |author=Cobb, John |author-link=John Cobb (Australian politician) |date=3 June 2009 |work=The Punch | |
The name Bogan is supposedly an [[Indigenous Australians|Australian Aboriginal]] ([[Wiradjuri language|Wiradjuri]] or [[Ngiyambaa language|Ngiyambaa]]) term meaning 'the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe';<ref name=punch>{{cite news |url=http://www.thepunch.com.au/articles/on-the-origin-of-the-bogan-as-a-species/ |title=On the origins of the bogan as a species |author=Cobb, John |author-link=John Cobb (Australian politician) |date=3 June 2009 |work=The Punch |access-date=13 January 2013}}</ref> this may be in reference to the Wiradjuri people of the Bulgandramine [[List of Aboriginal missions in New South Wales|Aboriginal Mission]], whose word for "leader" is “Balgabalgar”. The word is also a [[Goidelic languages|Gaelic]] term meaning [[bog]].<ref name=gnb>{{NSW GNR|id=KWjLvqxO|title=Bogan River|date=10 November 1978|access-date=21 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Australian Places"/> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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From the foothills of the [[Herveys Range]], the Bogan River rises to the west of the headwaters of the Little River at Cooks Myalls,<ref name=Bonzle/> near Goonumbla, {{convert|19|km}} north-west of Parkes. The river flows in a generally north-north-westerly direction past [[Tottenham, New South Wales|Tottenham]], [[Peak Hill, New South Wales|Peak Hill]] and through [[Nyngan, New South Wales|Nyngan]]. East of Bourke, the Bogan River joins with the Little Bogan River to form the Darling River. The Bogan River has over twenty tributaries. The main tributaries to the west are Bullock, Bulbodney, Pangee and Whitbarrow Creeks. The eastern catchment between the Bogan and [[Macquarie River]]s is ill-defined and has only one major tributary, Mulla Cowal.<ref name=Green>{{cite book |type = PDF |author1=Green, D. |author2=Petrovic, J. |author3=Moss, P. |author4=Burrell, M. |title=Water resources and management overview: Macquarie-Bogan catchment |work=NSW Office of Water |publisher=Government of New South Wales |location=Sydney |date=March 2011 |isbn=978-1-74263-161-5 }}<!--| |
From the foothills of the [[Herveys Range]], the Bogan River rises to the west of the headwaters of the Little River at Cooks Myalls,<ref name=Bonzle/> near Goonumbla, {{convert|19|km}} north-west of Parkes. The river flows in a generally north-north-westerly direction past [[Tottenham, New South Wales|Tottenham]], [[Peak Hill, New South Wales|Peak Hill]] and through [[Nyngan, New South Wales|Nyngan]]. East of Bourke, the Bogan River joins with the Little Bogan River to form the Darling River. The Bogan River has over twenty tributaries. The main tributaries to the west are Bullock, Bulbodney, Pangee and Whitbarrow Creeks. The eastern catchment between the Bogan and [[Macquarie River]]s is ill-defined and has only one major tributary, Mulla Cowal.<ref name=Green>{{cite book |type = PDF |author1=Green, D. |author2=Petrovic, J. |author3=Moss, P. |author4=Burrell, M. |title=Water resources and management overview: Macquarie-Bogan catchment |work=NSW Office of Water |publisher=Government of New South Wales |location=Sydney |date=March 2011 |isbn=978-1-74263-161-5 }}<!--|access-date=21 October 2012 --></ref>{{rp|11}} Other sources have claimed that Bugwah Cowal, and Burrill, Duck and Gunningbar Creeks are important tributaries.<ref name=Bonzle>{{cite web |url=http://maps.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=210025&cmd=sp |title=Map of Bogan River, NSW |publisher=Bonzle Digital Maps of Australia |access-date=5 May 2010}}</ref> |
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Unlike the other main rivers of inland New South Wales, the Bogan does not rise in the well-watered highland areas, so its flow is low and erratic and not much use for [[irrigation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bogan.nsw.gov.au/tourism/attractions |title=Attractions: The Bogan River |publisher=Bogan Shire Council |year=2012 | |
Unlike the other main rivers of inland New South Wales, the Bogan does not rise in the well-watered highland areas, so its flow is low and erratic and not much use for [[irrigation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bogan.nsw.gov.au/tourism/attractions |title=Attractions: The Bogan River |publisher=Bogan Shire Council |year=2012 |access-date=21 October 2012}}</ref> |
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Major [[weir]]s along the watercourse are at Muddal Weir, located west of Peak Hill; the Nyngan Weir, located north of Nyngan; and [[Gongolgon, New South Wales|Gongolgon]] Weir,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ieo/MacquarieBogan/maplg.htm |title=Macquarie−Bogan River Catchment: Map |work=Office of Environment and Heritage |publisher=Government of New South Wales | |
Major [[weir]]s along the watercourse are at Muddal Weir, located west of Peak Hill; the Nyngan Weir, located north of Nyngan; and [[Gongolgon, New South Wales|Gongolgon]] Weir,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ieo/MacquarieBogan/maplg.htm |title=Macquarie−Bogan River Catchment: Map |work=Office of Environment and Heritage |publisher=Government of New South Wales |access-date=21 October 2012}}</ref> where the [[mean]] daily flow exceeds {{convert|700|ML}}.<ref name=Green/>{{rp|16}} |
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The [[Kamilaroi Highway]] crosses the Bogan River {{convert|43|km}} east of Bourke.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tenders.nsw.gov.au/rms/?event=public.rft.showArchived&RFTUUID=B78AF946-AF1D-BD1C-33D81E3A27226200 |title=Bogan River Bridge Replacement HW29 |year=2011 | |
The [[Kamilaroi Highway]] crosses the Bogan River {{convert|43|km}} east of Bourke.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tenders.nsw.gov.au/rms/?event=public.rft.showArchived&RFTUUID=B78AF946-AF1D-BD1C-33D81E3A27226200 |title=Bogan River Bridge Replacement HW29 |year=2011 |access-date=21 October 2012 |work=NSW eTendering |publisher=Government of New South Wales}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Aboriginal history=== |
===Aboriginal history=== |
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A number of Aboriginal peoples lived in the lands surrounding the Bogan River for many thousands of years. In the area surrounding Peak Hill, the indigenous inhabitants of the area were the [[Wiradjuri]] clan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=457 |title=Peak Hill |work=Historical Towns Directory |publisher=Heritage Australia Publishing |year=2013 | |
A number of Aboriginal peoples lived in the lands surrounding the Bogan River for many thousands of years. In the area surrounding Peak Hill, the indigenous inhabitants of the area were the [[Wiradjuri]] clan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=457 |title=Peak Hill |work=Historical Towns Directory |publisher=Heritage Australia Publishing |year=2013 |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304222855/http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=102&view=457 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the area surrounding Nyngan, the [[Ngiyambaa language|Ngiyambaa]] Aboriginal people were the principal custodians of the land.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=104&view=454 |title=Nyngan |work=Historical Towns Directory |publisher=Heritage Australia Publishing |year=2013 |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308013210/http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=NSW®ion=104&view=454 |archive-date=8 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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===Late modern history=== |
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The river was crossed by [[John Oxley]] in 1817, but was named by [[Charles Sturt]] in his 1828-9 expedition as New Years Creek on 1 January 1829. It was also called the Bogan River prior to [[Thomas Mitchell (explorer)|Major Sir Thomas Mitchell]] reaching here in [[1835 in Australia|1835]]. |
The river was crossed by [[John Oxley]] in 1817, but was named by [[Charles Sturt]] in his 1828-9 expedition as New Years Creek on 1 January 1829. It was also called the Bogan River prior to [[Thomas Mitchell (explorer)|Major Sir Thomas Mitchell]] reaching here in [[1835 in Australia|1835]]. |
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The Albert Priest Channel was built in 1941 and this assists the water supplies of Nyngan and Cobar with Macquarie River water. It is about |
The Albert Priest Channel was built in 1941 and this assists the water supplies of Nyngan and Cobar with Macquarie River water. It is about 60 km long, extending from Gunningbar Creek near Warren to the Bogan River upstream of Nyngan. A pipeline takes water from Nyngan to Cobar.<ref>Trangie Nevertire Irrigation Scheme webpage https://www.tnis.net.au/index.html</ref> |
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In April 1990, major flooding occurred along the river and in Nyngan, and despite a massive effort by local people to build levee walls using sandbags, 2,500 people had to be evacuated from the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/content.php/624.html |title=1990 Nyngan flood |work=News: [[Ministry for Police and Emergency Services (New South Wales)|Ministry for Police and Emergency Services]] |publisher=Government of New South Wales | |
In April 1990, major flooding occurred along the river and in Nyngan, and despite a massive effort by local people to build levee walls using sandbags, 2,500 people had to be evacuated from the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/content.php/624.html |title=1990 Nyngan flood |work=News: [[Ministry for Police and Emergency Services (New South Wales)|Ministry for Police and Emergency Services]] |publisher=Government of New South Wales |access-date=5 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003040032/http://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/content.php/624.html |archive-date=3 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The floods caused A$50 million damage. Other significant flooding of the Bogan River occurred in 1928, 1950, 1989 and other years. In 1989 the significant flooding was downstream of Nyngan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Flood in Bogan River |date=25 February 1928 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16444824 |access-date=21 October 2012 |publisher=Trove: [[National Library of Australia]]}}</ref> https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/63179773<ref>Townsville Daily Bulletin, 30 Nov 1950, p 2</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ieo/MacquarieBogan/index.htm Macquarie-Bogan River: NSW Water Quality and River Flow Objectives] at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. 2006. |
* [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ieo/MacquarieBogan/index.htm Macquarie-Bogan River: NSW Water Quality and River Flow Objectives] at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. 2006. |
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* [http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/simpleSearch.aspx?authority=place&ID=172242 Images of the Bogan River] at the [[State Library of New South Wales]]. |
* [http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/simpleSearch.aspx?authority=place&ID=172242 Images of the Bogan River] at the [[State Library of New South Wales]]. |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Muir, G. L |author2=Johnson, W. D |year=1978 |title=Chemistry of the Bogan River, New South Wales, with Special Reference to the Sources of Dissolved Material |journal=Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=399–407 |doi=10.1071/MF9780399 }} |
* {{cite journal |author1=Muir, G. L. |author2=Johnson, W. D. |year=1978 |title=Chemistry of the Bogan River, New South Wales, with Special Reference to the Sources of Dissolved Material |journal=Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=399–407 |doi=10.1071/MF9780399 }} |
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{{Rivers of New South Wales |state=autocollapse}} |
{{Rivers of New South Wales |state=autocollapse}} |
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{{Rivers of the Darling River catchment}} |
{{Rivers of the Darling River catchment}} |
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[[Category:Rivers of New South Wales]] |
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[[Category:Tributaries of the Darling River]] |
[[Category:Tributaries of the Darling River]] |
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[[Category:Murray-Darling basin]] |
Latest revision as of 19:35, 22 June 2024
Bogan River | |
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Location of the Bogan River mouth in New South Wales | |
Etymology | 1. Aboriginal: the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe;[1][2] |
Location | |
Country | Australia |
State | New South Wales |
Region | Central West, Orana |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Little River (Parkes) |
• location | Cooks Myalls, near Parkes |
• coordinates | 33°00′30″S 148°02′00″E / 33.00833°S 148.03333°E |
• elevation | 305 m (1,001 ft) |
Mouth | Darling River |
• location | Dry Bogan Weir, near Bourke |
• coordinates | 29°58′30″S 146°20′56″E / 29.97500°S 146.34889°E |
• elevation | 111 m (364 ft) |
Length | 617 km (383 mi) |
Basin size | 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq mi) |
Basin features | |
River system | Macquarie–Barwon sub-catchment, Darling River catchment, Murray-Darling basin |
Tributaries | |
• left | Genaren Creek, Sandy Creek, Bulbodney Creek, Little Bogan River |
• right | Cookopie Creek, Burrill Creek, Gundong Creek, Tomingley Creek, Mulla Mulla Cowal, Moonagee Cowal, Gunningbar Creek, Nyangi Bogan Cowal, Duck Creek, Bywash Billabong, Kellys Cowal |
Basin area is upstream of Nyngan only[3]: 11 |
Bogan River, a perennial river that is part of the Macquarie–Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central west and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia.
From its origin near Parkes, the Bogan River flows for about 617 kilometres (383 mi) in length and flows into the Little Bogan River[4] to form the Darling River[citation needed], near Bourke.[5]
The name Bogan is supposedly an Australian Aboriginal (Wiradjuri or Ngiyambaa) term meaning 'the birthplace of a notable headman of the local tribe';[6] this may be in reference to the Wiradjuri people of the Bulgandramine Aboriginal Mission, whose word for "leader" is “Balgabalgar”. The word is also a Gaelic term meaning bog.[1][2]
Geography
[edit]From the foothills of the Herveys Range, the Bogan River rises to the west of the headwaters of the Little River at Cooks Myalls,[7] near Goonumbla, 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Parkes. The river flows in a generally north-north-westerly direction past Tottenham, Peak Hill and through Nyngan. East of Bourke, the Bogan River joins with the Little Bogan River to form the Darling River. The Bogan River has over twenty tributaries. The main tributaries to the west are Bullock, Bulbodney, Pangee and Whitbarrow Creeks. The eastern catchment between the Bogan and Macquarie Rivers is ill-defined and has only one major tributary, Mulla Cowal.[3]: 11 Other sources have claimed that Bugwah Cowal, and Burrill, Duck and Gunningbar Creeks are important tributaries.[7]
Unlike the other main rivers of inland New South Wales, the Bogan does not rise in the well-watered highland areas, so its flow is low and erratic and not much use for irrigation.[8]
Major weirs along the watercourse are at Muddal Weir, located west of Peak Hill; the Nyngan Weir, located north of Nyngan; and Gongolgon Weir,[9] where the mean daily flow exceeds 700 megalitres (25×10 6 cu ft).[3]: 16
The Kamilaroi Highway crosses the Bogan River 43 kilometres (27 mi) east of Bourke.[10]
History
[edit]Aboriginal history
[edit]A number of Aboriginal peoples lived in the lands surrounding the Bogan River for many thousands of years. In the area surrounding Peak Hill, the indigenous inhabitants of the area were the Wiradjuri clan.[11] In the area surrounding Nyngan, the Ngiyambaa Aboriginal people were the principal custodians of the land.[12]
Late modern history
[edit]The river was crossed by John Oxley in 1817, but was named by Charles Sturt in his 1828-9 expedition as New Years Creek on 1 January 1829. It was also called the Bogan River prior to Major Sir Thomas Mitchell reaching here in 1835.
The Albert Priest Channel was built in 1941 and this assists the water supplies of Nyngan and Cobar with Macquarie River water. It is about 60 km long, extending from Gunningbar Creek near Warren to the Bogan River upstream of Nyngan. A pipeline takes water from Nyngan to Cobar.[13]
In April 1990, major flooding occurred along the river and in Nyngan, and despite a massive effort by local people to build levee walls using sandbags, 2,500 people had to be evacuated from the town.[14] The floods caused A$50 million damage. Other significant flooding of the Bogan River occurred in 1928, 1950, 1989 and other years. In 1989 the significant flooding was downstream of Nyngan.[15] https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/63179773[16]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Bogan River". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ a b Reader's Digest Guide to Australian Places. Sydney: Reader's Digest (Australia) Pty. Limited. 1993. ISBN 978-0-86438-399-0.
- ^ a b c Green, D.; Petrovic, J.; Moss, P.; Burrell, M. (March 2011). Water resources and management overview: Macquarie-Bogan catchment (PDF). Sydney: Government of New South Wales. ISBN 978-1-74263-161-5.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "Map of Little Bogan River, NSW". Bonzle Digital Maps of Australia. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ Chisholm, Alec H., ed. (1963). "Bogan River". The Australian Encyclopaedia. Vol. 2. Sydney: Halstead Press. p. 46.
- ^ Cobb, John (3 June 2009). "On the origins of the bogan as a species". The Punch. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ a b "Map of Bogan River, NSW". Bonzle Digital Maps of Australia. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ "Attractions: The Bogan River". Bogan Shire Council. 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ "Macquarie−Bogan River Catchment: Map". Office of Environment and Heritage. Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ "Bogan River Bridge Replacement HW29". NSW eTendering. Government of New South Wales. 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ "Peak Hill". Historical Towns Directory. Heritage Australia Publishing. 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ "Nyngan". Historical Towns Directory. Heritage Australia Publishing. 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ Trangie Nevertire Irrigation Scheme webpage https://www.tnis.net.au/index.html
- ^ "1990 Nyngan flood". News: Ministry for Police and Emergency Services. Government of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ "The Flood in Bogan River". The Sydney Morning Herald. Trove: National Library of Australia. 25 February 1928. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ Townsville Daily Bulletin, 30 Nov 1950, p 2
External links
[edit]- Macquarie-Bogan River: NSW Water Quality and River Flow Objectives at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. 2006.
- Images of the Bogan River at the State Library of New South Wales.
- Muir, G. L.; Johnson, W. D. (1978). "Chemistry of the Bogan River, New South Wales, with Special Reference to the Sources of Dissolved Material". Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 29 (4): 399–407. doi:10.1071/MF9780399.