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The '''lavender sculpin''' ('''''Leiocottus hirundo''''') is a species of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Cottidae]], the typical [[sculpin]]s. It is found in the eastern [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
The '''lavender sculpin''' ('''''Leiocottus hirundo''''') is a species of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Cottidae]], the typical [[sculpin]]s. It is found in the eastern [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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''Leiocottus hirundo'' is the only member of its [[genus]]. However, phylogenetically it falls within the diversity of the genus ''[[Clinocottus]]''. It is a sister taxon to ''[[Clinocottus analis]]''.<ref>Thaddaeus J. Busera, J. Andrés López (2015) [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790315000627 Molecular phylogenetics of sculpins of the subfamily Oligocottinae (Cottidae)]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 86, 64–74.</ref> |
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The lavender sculpin was first formally [[Species description|described]] by the French ichthyologist [[Charles Frédéric Girard]] in 1556 with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality[]] given as San Miguel Island near San Diego in California.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus|genus=Leiocottus|access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> ''Leiocottus hirundo'' is the only member of its [[genus]]. However, phylogenetically it falls within the diversity of the genus ''[[Clinocottus]]''. It is a sister taxon to ''[[Clinocottus analis]]''.<ref name = B&L2015>{{cite journal | author1 =Thaddaeus J. Buser | author2 = J. Andrés López | year = 2015 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790315000627 | title = Molecular phylogenetics of sculpins of the subfamily Oligocottinae (Cottidae)] | journal =Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 86 | pages =64–74| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.006 | pmid = 25791911 | bibcode = 2015MolPE..86...64B }}</ref> The 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' classifies the genus ''Leiocottus'' within the [[subfamily]] [[Cottinae]] of the family Cottidae,<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages= 467–495 |publisher=Wiley |isbn= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}</ref> however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily [[Psychrolutinae]] of the family [[Psychrolutidae]].<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof family|family=Psychrolutinae|access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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The lavender sculpin's genus name, ''Leiocottus'', is a combination of ''leios'' meaning "smooth" with ''[[Cottus (fish)|Cottus]]'', the [[type genus]] of the family Cottidae. This is a reference to the smooth skin of this fish with no prickles or scales. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''hirundo'' is Latin for a [[swallow]] and is a reference to the similarity to ''[[Chelidonichthys lucerna]]'' Girard perceived in this species.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite news | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes20/ | title = Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins) | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 22 October 2022 | access-date = 30 January 2023 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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The lavender sculpin has [[dorsal fin]]s which are supported by 9 or 10 spines and 16 or 17 soft rays while the [[anal fin]] has between 14 and 16 soft rays. The [[pelvic fin]]s each have a single spine and 3 rays. The color is olive-green, brown, orange-brown or lavender with four saddle-like blotches along the back of the rear of the body and there are four brown bars on the lips.<ref name = L&K>{{cite book | editor1 = Milton S Love | editor2 = Julianne Kalman Passarelli | name-list-style = and | year = 2020 | title = Miller and Lea's Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of California | edition = 2 | publisher = UCANR Publications | isbn = 978-1627111256}}</ref> This species grows to a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|25|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Leiocottus|hirundo|month=August|year=2022}}</ref> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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The lavender sculpin is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from southern [[California]], United States to northern [[Baja California]], Mexico. It lives from [[inshore]] waters to a depth of around {{convert|37|m|ft}}.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* {{FishBase |genus= Leiocottus|species= hirundo| month = December | year = 2012}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Cottinae]] |
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[[Category:Monotypic fish genera]] |
[[Category:Monotypic fish genera]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard]] |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1856]] |
[[Category:Fish described in 1856]] |
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{{Scorpaeniformes-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 05:05, 23 June 2024
| Lavender sculpin | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Cottidae |
| Subfamily: | Cottinae |
| Genus: | Leiocottus Girard, 1856 |
| Species: | L. hirundo
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| Binomial name | |
| Leiocottus hirundo Girard, 1856
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The lavender sculpin (Leiocottus hirundo) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]The lavender sculpin was first formally described by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard in 1556 with its type locality[ given as San Miguel Island near San Diego in California.[1] Leiocottus hirundo is the only member of its genus. However, phylogenetically it falls within the diversity of the genus Clinocottus. It is a sister taxon to Clinocottus analis.[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Leiocottus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae,[3] however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Psychrolutinae of the family Psychrolutidae.[4]
Etymology
[edit]The lavender sculpin's genus name, Leiocottus, is a combination of leios meaning "smooth" with Cottus, the type genus of the family Cottidae. This is a reference to the smooth skin of this fish with no prickles or scales. The specific name hirundo is Latin for a swallow and is a reference to the similarity to Chelidonichthys lucerna Girard perceived in this species.[5]
Description
[edit]The lavender sculpin has dorsal fins which are supported by 9 or 10 spines and 16 or 17 soft rays while the anal fin has between 14 and 16 soft rays. The pelvic fins each have a single spine and 3 rays. The color is olive-green, brown, orange-brown or lavender with four saddle-like blotches along the back of the rear of the body and there are four brown bars on the lips.[6] This species grows to a maximum published total length of 25 cm (9.8 in).[7]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The lavender sculpin is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California, United States to northern Baja California, Mexico. It lives from inshore waters to a depth of around 37 metres (121 ft).[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Leiocottus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ Thaddaeus J. Buser; J. Andrés López (2015). "Molecular phylogenetics of sculpins of the subfamily Oligocottinae (Cottidae)]". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 86: 64–74. Bibcode:2015MolPE..86...64B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.006. PMID 25791911.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Psychrolutinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ Milton S Love and Julianne Kalman Passarelli, eds. (2020). Miller and Lea's Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of California (2 ed.). UCANR Publications. ISBN 978-1627111256.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Leiocottus hirundo". FishBase. August 2022 version.