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{{Short description|Officer in the Norwegian resistance against the Nazi invasion of Norway}}
[[File:30855 Klingenberg kino Kampen om tungtvannet.jpg|thumbnail|Soldiers in uniform, from the left: Knut Haukelid, [[Joachim Rønneberg]], [[Jens Anton Poulsson]] shaking hands with king [[Haakon VII]], [[Kasper Idland]].]]
[[File:30855 Klingenberg kino Kampen om tungtvannet.jpg|thumbnail|250 px|Soldiers in uniform, from the left: Knut Haukelid, [[Joachim Rønneberg]], [[Jens Anton Poulsson]] shaking hands with King [[Haakon VII]], [[Kasper Idland]]
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'''Knut Haukelid'''{{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%||DSO|MC}} (born May 17, 1911, in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]; died March 8, 1994, in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]) was a [[Norwegian resistance movement]] soldier during [[World War II]], most notable for participating in the [[Norwegian heavy water sabotage]].<ref>''Knut Haukelid, 82; 1 of 9 known as WWII, Heroes of Telemark''(The Boston Globe (Boston, MA) March 11, 1994)</ref><ref>[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9743671 ''Knut Haukelid, Memorial# 9743671''] (Find A Grave )</ref>
]]

⚫
'''Knut Haukelid''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%||DSO|MC}} (May 17, 1911 - March 8, 1994) was a Norwegian military officer. He was a [[Norwegian resistance movement]] soldier during [[World War II]], most notable for participating in the [[Norwegian heavy water sabotage]].<ref>''Knut Haukelid, 82; 1 of 9 known as WWII, Heroes of Telemark''(The Boston Globe (Boston, MA) March 11, 1994)</ref><ref>[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9743671 ''Knut Haukelid, Memorial# 9743671''] (Find A Grave )</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[File:Sigrid Gurie in Algiers (1938).jpg|thumb|150px|right|Sigrid Gurie in ''Algiers'' (1938)]]
⚫
Knut Anders Haukelid’s parents were Bjørgulv and Sigrid Haukelid, a couple from Norway who were living in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], while Bjørgulv, a civil engineer, worked for the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]], a now-defunct operator of part of the [[New York City Subway]] (1902–1912). He was the twin brother of actress [[Sigrid Gurie]]. Since Haukelid and his sister were born in America, the twins held dual [[Norwegian-American]] citizenship. In 1914, the family returned to Norway. Haukelid subsequently grew up in [[Oslo]], where his father worked as an engineer helping to lay out the [[Oslo Metro]]. In 1929, Haukelid came back to America to attend [[University of Massachusetts Amherst|Massachusetts State College]]. He returned to Norway and later completed his education at the [[Dresden University of Technology|Dresden School of Technology]] and the [[University of Berlin]]. Returning to Norway, he worked for his father's engineering firm, Haukelid og Five.<ref>''[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/11/obituaries/knut-haukelid-82-fighter-in-resistance-to-nazis-in-norway.html Knut Haukelid, 82, Fighter in Resistance To Nazis in Norway]'' (New York Times. March 11, 1994)</ref>
Knut Anders Haukelid was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]].
His parents were Bjørulf Knutson Haukelid (1878–1944) and Sigrid Johanne Christophersen (1877–1969), a couple from Norway who were living in [[Brooklyn]] at that time. His father was civil engineer working for the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]], a now-defunct operator of part of the [[New York City Subway]] (1902–1912). Knut Haukelid was the twin brother of Norwegian American motion picture actress [[Sigrid Gurie]] (1911–1969). Since Haukelid and his twin sister were born in America, the twins held dual [[Norwegian-American]] citizenship. <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.snl.no/Sigrid_Gurie |title=Sigrid Gurie|website= Store norske leksikon|access-date=October 1, 2020}} </ref>

⚫
In 1914, the family returned to Norway. Haukelid subsequently grew up in [[Oslo]], where his father worked as an engineer helping to lay out the [[Oslo Metro]]. In 1929, Haukelid came back to America to attend [[University of Massachusetts Amherst|Massachusetts State College]]. He returned to Norway and later completed his education at the [[Dresden University of Technology|Dresden School of Technology]] and the [[University of Berlin]] (1937–38). Returning to Norway, he worked for his father's engineering firm, Haukelid og Five.<ref>''[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/11/obituaries/knut-haukelid-82-fighter-in-resistance-to-nazis-in-norway.html Knut Haukelid, 82, Fighter in Resistance To Nazis in Norway]'' (New York Times. March 11, 1994)</ref>


==World War II==
==World War II==

He joined the [[Norwegian Independent Company 1]] (Norwegian: [[Kompani Linge]]) in 1941. During [[World War II]] Knut Haukelid and the Kompani Linge group, sabotaged the [[Nazi Germany]] controlled [[heavy water]] [[Vemork]] plant in [[Rjukan]] in a long-range raid which began at an airfield in England. On February 28, 1943, the demolition team entered the [[Norsk Hydro]] plant and set explosive charges. The heavy water produced at a facility in occupied Norway was vital for the [[Third Reich]]'s participation in the [[nuclear bomb]] race. The British [[War Cabinet]] also ordered Haukelid to sink the Norwegian ferry [[SF Hydro|SF ''Hydro'']] carrying the containers of [[heavy water]] across [[Lake Tinn]]. The ferry was sunk with hidden explosives on February 19, 1944, killing 4 Germans and 14 Norwegian civilians.
Following the [[German occupation of Norway]] during [[World War II]], he joined the [[Norwegian Independent Company 1]] (''[[Kompani Linge]]'') in 1941. After extensive special training in [[Great Britain]], he was selected as deputy commander of the Gunnerside group and sent back to Norway in 1943. Knut Haukelid and members of the Kompani Linge sabotaged the [[Nazi Germany]]-controlled [[heavy water]] [[Vemork]] plant in [[Rjukan]] in a long-range raid which began at an airfield in England. On February 28, 1943, the demolition team entered the [[Norsk Hydro]] plant and set explosive charges. The heavy water produced at a facility in occupied Norway was vital for the [[Third Reich]]'s participation in the [[nuclear bomb]] race. The British [[War Cabinet]] subsequently ordered Haukelid to sink the Norwegian ferry [[SF Hydro|SF ''Hydro'']] as she transported containers of [[heavy water]] across [[Lake Tinn]]. The ferry was sunk with hidden explosives on February 20, 1944, killing 4 Germans and 14 Norwegian civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.snl.no/Kompani_Linge |title=Kompani Linge|website= Store norske leksikon|access-date=October 1, 2020}}
<ref>[http://www.hydro.com/en/About-Hydro/Our-history/1929---1945/1943-The-Heroes-of-Telemark/ ''The Heroes of Telemark''] (Norsk Hydro ASA. Oslo, Norway 2009)</ref>
</ref><ref>[http://www.hydro.com/en/About-Hydro/Our-history/1929---1945/1943-The-Heroes-of-Telemark/ ''The Heroes of Telemark''] (Norsk Hydro ASA. Oslo, Norway 2009)</ref>


==Post-war life==
==Post-war life==
For his participation in these raids, Knut Haukelid received multiple awards including Norway's highest decoration for military gallantry, the [[War Cross (Norway)|War Cross]] with sword. He was awarded this decoration twice, in 1944 and 1947: the War Cross with two swords. In addition, Haukelid was decorated by the British with the [[Distinguished Service Order]] and later with the Military Cross.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://snl.no/Knut_Haukelid
For his participation in these raids, Knut Haukelid received multiple awards including Norway's highest decoration for military gallantry, the [[War Cross (Norway)|War Cross]] with sword. He was awarded this decoration twice, in 1944 and 1947: the War Cross with two swords. In addition, Haukelid was decorated by the British with the [[Distinguished Service Order]] and later with the Military Cross.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://snl.no/Knut_Haukelid
|title= Knut Haukelid|publisher= Store norske leksikon |accessdate= June 15, 2016}}</ref>
|title= Knut Haukelid|publisher= Store norske leksikon |access-date= June 15, 2016}}</ref>


Haukelid graduated from the [[Norwegian Military Academy]] in 1948. He served as major in the [[Telemark]] Infantry Regiment, and was later appointed Lieutenant General{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} and head of the Home guard of Greater Oslo. Haukelid became a lieutenant colonel in the Army Infantry in 1959 and served as colonel and head of Greater Oslo Homeguard from 1966 until his retirement in 1974. At the time of his retirement, Haukelid was an active Lieutenant General (2 stars).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://nbl.snl.no/Knut_Haukelid|title= Knut Haukelid, Offiser, Motstandsmann|publisher= Norsk biografisk leksikon |author= Ivar Kraglund|accessdate= June 15, 2016}}</ref>
Haukelid graduated from the [[Norwegian Military Academy]] in 1948. He served as major in the [[Telemark]] Infantry Regiment, and was later appointed head of the Home guard of Greater Oslo. Haukelid became a lieutenant colonel in the Army Infantry in 1959 and served as colonel and district commander of Greater Oslo Homeguard from 1966 until his retirement. He retired as a lieutenant colonel in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nbl.snl.no/Knut_Haukelid |title=Knut Haukelid, Offiser, Motstandsmann |publisher=Norsk biografisk leksikon |author= Ivar Kraglund|access-date= June 15, 2016}}</ref>


⚫
In the spring of 1984, on the 40th anniversary of the sabotage action against the heavy water plant at [[Vemork]], the survivors of the Kompani Linge group who participated in the action were honored at a reception at the residence [[Mark Evans Austad]], American Ambassador in Oslo. <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/nomination-mark-evans-austad-be-united-states-ambassador-norway|title=Mark Evans Austad, United States Ambassador to Norway|website= The American Presidency Project|access-date=October 1, 2020}} </ref>
⚫
Haukelid wrote his autobiography, ''Det demrer en dag'' in 1947 (revised edition 1953 under the name ''Kampen om tungtvannet''). Other books such as Knut Haukelid's ''Skis Against the Atom'' and Thomas Gallagher's ''Assault in Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program'' provide accounts of the Norway raid and Haukelid's participation.

On October 18, 1985, Knut Haukelid was honored at the Second Annual [[Scandinavian-American]] Hall of Fame Banquet in [[Minot, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://hostfest.com/sahf/sahf-inductees/knut-haukelid/|title=SAHF Inductees - Knut Haukelid |publisher= Norsk Hostfest |access-date= June 15, 2016}}</ref>

Knut Haukelid died at the age of 83 on March 8, 1994 at Det Norsk Diakonhjemmet in [[Oslo]].
He was buried at [[Vår Frelsers gravlund]].
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diakonhjemmet.no/stiftelse/
|title=Om Diakonhjemmet|website=Stiftelsen Diakonhjemmet|access-date=October 1, 2020}} </ref>


==Cultural references==
==Cultural references==
*Knut Haukelid wrote his autobiography, {{lang|nn|Det demrer en dag}} in 1947 (revised edition 1953 under the name ''Kampen om tungtvannet'').
⚫
The sabotage action against the [[Vemork]] plant was portrayed in the classic Norwegian 1948 film ''Kampen om tungtvannet''. Haukelid played himself, as did the rest of the sabotage group, in the film released internationally as ''[[Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water]]''. A largely fictional account of the sabotage, ''[[The Heroes of Telemark]]'' (1965), starred [[Richard Harris (actor)|Richard Harris]] as Knut ''Straud''.<ref>[http://www.filmfront.no/releasefull/3339/Kampen+om+tungtvannet ''Kampen om tungtvannet'']</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0059263/ ''The Heroes of Telemark'']</ref>


*Knut Haukelid's ''Skis Against the Atom'' (1953) told of the successful sabotaging of the Nazis' supply of heavy water.
⚫
In the spring of 1984, on the 40th anniversary of the sabotage action against the heavy water plant at [[Vemork]], the survivors of the Kompani Linge group who participated in the action were honored at a reception at the residence of the American Ambassador in Oslo. On October 18, 1985, Knut Haukelid was honored at the Second Annual [[Scandinavian-American]] Hall of Fame Banquet in [[Minot, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://hostfest.com/sahf/sahf-inductees/knut-haukelid/|title= SAHF Inductees - Knut Haukelid |publisher= Norsk Hostfest |accessdate= June 15, 2016}}</ref>


⚫
*Thomas Gallagher's ''Assault in Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program'' provide accounts of the Norway raid and Haukelid's participation.
⚫
The 2015 TV mini-series ''[[The Heavy Water War]]'' produced by the [[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] also portrays Haukelid's role in the heavy water operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cineuropa.org/nw.aspx?t=newsdetail&l=en&did=281095 |title=NRK ready to declare €8.7 million ''Heavy Water War'' |author=Jorn Rossing Jensen |work=Cineuropa |date=21 November 2014 |accessdate= June 15, 2016}}</ref>

*The sabotage action against the [[Vemork]] plant was portrayed in the classic Norwegian 1948 film ''Kampen om tungtvannet''. Haukelid played himself, as did most of the sabotage group. The film was released internationally as ''[[Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water]]''. <ref>{{cite web
|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040504/|title=Kampen om tungtvannet (1948)|website= IMDb.com, Inc. |access-date=October 1, 2020}} </ref>

⚫
*''[[The Heroes of Telemark]]'' (1965) was a largely fictional account of the sabotage, starred [[Richard Harris (actor)|Richard Harris]] as Knut ''Straud''.<ref>[http://www.filmfront.no/releasefull/3339/Kampen+om+tungtvannet ''Kampen om tungtvannet'' (1948)] filmfront.no</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0059263/ ''The Heroes of Telemark'' (1965)] IMDb.com, Inc.</ref>

⚫
*In the 2015 TV mini-series ''[[The Heavy Water War]]'' produced by the [[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]], Norwegian theatre and film actor [[Frank Kjosås]] portrays Haukelid's role in the heavy water operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cineuropa.org/nw.aspx?t=newsdetail&l=en&did=281095 |title=NRK ready to declare €8.7 million ''Heavy Water War'' |author=Jorn Rossing Jensen |work=Cineuropa |date=21 November 2014 |access-date= June 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Frank_Kjos%C3%A5s |title=Frank Kjosås|website= Store norske leksikon|access-date=October 1, 2020}} </ref>


==Honors==
==Honors==
Line 31: Line 53:
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - [[Distinguished Service Order]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - [[Distinguished Service Order]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - [[Military Cross]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - [[Military Cross]]
*{{flag|USA}} - [[Medal of Freedom|Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm]]
*{{flag|USA}} - [[Medal of Freedom (1945)|Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm]]
*{{flag|France}} - [[Legion of Honor]]
*{{flag|France}} - [[Legion of Honor]]
*{{flag|France}} - [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|Croix de Guerre]] with Palm and Star
*{{flag|France}} - [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|Croix de Guerre]] with Palm and Star
*{{flag|Sweden}} - Commander of [[Order of the Sword]]
*{{flag|Sweden}} - Commander of [[Order of the Sword]]


⚫
==See also==
⚫
*[[German nuclear energy project]]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==Additional sources==
==Additional sources==
* Haukelid, Knut. ''Skis Against the Atom: The Exciting, First Hand Account of Heroism and Daring Sabotage During the Nazi Occupation of Norway'' (North American Heritage Press. [[Minot, North Dakota]]. August 1, 1989, {{ISBN|0-942323-07-6}})
* Haukelid, Knut (1989) ''Skis Against the Atom: The Exciting, First Hand Account of Heroism and Daring Sabotage During the Nazi Occupation of Norway'' (North American Heritage Press. [[Minot, North Dakota]]) {{ISBN|0-942323-07-6}}
⚫
*Gallagher, Thomas. ''Assault In Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program'' (The Lyons Press; [[Globe Pequot Press]], 2002, {{ISBN|1585747505}})
*{{Cite book |title=Det demrer en dag |first=Knut |last=Haukelid |year=1947 |publisher=Nasjonalforlaget |location=Oslo |language=Norwegian}}
*{{Cite book |title=Det demrer en dag |first=Knut |last=Haukelid |year=1947 |publisher=Nasjonalforlaget |location=Oslo |language=Norwegian}}
*{{Cite book |title=Tungtvannssabotasjen |first=Jens-Anton |last=Poulsson |authorlink=Jens-Anton Poulsson |year=2006 |publisher=Orion |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo |isbn=82-458-0803-2}}
*{{Cite book |title=Tungtvannssabotasjen |first=Jens-Anton |last=Poulsson |author-link=Jens-Anton Poulsson |year=2006 |publisher=Orion |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo |isbn=82-458-0803-2}}


==Related reading==
*Dahl, Per F. (1999) ''Heavy water and the wartime race for nuclear energy'' (Institute of Physics Publishing) {{ISBN|0-585-25449-4}}
⚫
*Gallagher, Thomas (2002) ''Assault In Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program'' (The Lyons Press; [[Globe Pequot Press]]) {{ISBN|1585747505}})
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.lawzone.com/half-nor/haukelid.htm Norwegian American Hall of Fame]
*[http://www.lawzone.com/half-nor/haukelid.htm Norwegian American Hall of Fame]
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0369386/bio Biography for Knut Haukelid]
*[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0369386/bio Biography for Knut Haukelid]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027150559/http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~lynda_abbott/knutbio.html Real Heroes of Telemark]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027150559/http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~lynda_abbott/knutbio.html Real Heroes of Telemark]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080605192240/http://www.hostfest.com/halloffame/view.asp?ID=11 Norsk Høstfest Gallery]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080605192240/http://www.hostfest.com/halloffame/view.asp?ID=11 Norsk Høstfest Gallery]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726113815/http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage Norwegian Heavy Water Sabotage]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726113815/http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage Norwegian Heavy Water Sabotage]



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==See also==
⚫
*[[German nuclear energy project]]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Twin people from Norway]]
[[Category:Norwegian twins]]
[[Category:American people of Norwegian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Norwegian descent]]
[[Category:Norwegian resistance members]]
[[Category:Norwegian resistance members]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of Freedom]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of Freedom]]
[[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian writers]]
[[Category:Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Norway]]

Latest revision as of 19:28, 23 June 2024

Soldiers in uniform, from the left: Knut Haukelid, Joachim Rønneberg, Jens Anton Poulsson shaking hands with King Haakon VII, Kasper Idland

Knut Haukelid DSO MC (May 17, 1911 - March 8, 1994) was a Norwegian military officer. He was a Norwegian resistance movement soldier during World War II, most notable for participating in the Norwegian heavy water sabotage.[1][2]

Early life

[edit]
Sigrid Gurie in Algiers (1938)

Knut Anders Haukelid was born in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Bjørulf Knutson Haukelid (1878–1944) and Sigrid Johanne Christophersen (1877–1969), a couple from Norway who were living in Brooklyn at that time. His father was civil engineer working for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, a now-defunct operator of part of the New York City Subway (1902–1912). Knut Haukelid was the twin brother of Norwegian American motion picture actress Sigrid Gurie (1911–1969). Since Haukelid and his twin sister were born in America, the twins held dual Norwegian-American citizenship. [3]

In 1914, the family returned to Norway. Haukelid subsequently grew up in Oslo, where his father worked as an engineer helping to lay out the Oslo Metro. In 1929, Haukelid came back to America to attend Massachusetts State College. He returned to Norway and later completed his education at the Dresden School of Technology and the University of Berlin (1937–38). Returning to Norway, he worked for his father's engineering firm, Haukelid og Five.[4]

World War II

[edit]

Following the German occupation of Norway during World War II, he joined the Norwegian Independent Company 1 (Kompani Linge) in 1941. After extensive special training in Great Britain, he was selected as deputy commander of the Gunnerside group and sent back to Norway in 1943. Knut Haukelid and members of the Kompani Linge sabotaged the Nazi Germany-controlled heavy water Vemork plant in Rjukan in a long-range raid which began at an airfield in England. On February 28, 1943, the demolition team entered the Norsk Hydro plant and set explosive charges. The heavy water produced at a facility in occupied Norway was vital for the Third Reich's participation in the nuclear bomb race. The British War Cabinet subsequently ordered Haukelid to sink the Norwegian ferry SF Hydro as she transported containers of heavy water across Lake Tinn. The ferry was sunk with hidden explosives on February 20, 1944, killing 4 Germans and 14 Norwegian civilians.[5][6]

Post-war life

[edit]

For his participation in these raids, Knut Haukelid received multiple awards including Norway's highest decoration for military gallantry, the War Cross with sword. He was awarded this decoration twice, in 1944 and 1947: the War Cross with two swords. In addition, Haukelid was decorated by the British with the Distinguished Service Order and later with the Military Cross.[7]

Haukelid graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1948. He served as major in the Telemark Infantry Regiment, and was later appointed head of the Home guard of Greater Oslo. Haukelid became a lieutenant colonel in the Army Infantry in 1959 and served as colonel and district commander of Greater Oslo Homeguard from 1966 until his retirement. He retired as a lieutenant colonel in 1974.[8]

In the spring of 1984, on the 40th anniversary of the sabotage action against the heavy water plant at Vemork, the survivors of the Kompani Linge group who participated in the action were honored at a reception at the residence Mark Evans Austad, American Ambassador in Oslo. [9]

On October 18, 1985, Knut Haukelid was honored at the Second Annual Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame Banquet in Minot, North Dakota.[10]

Knut Haukelid died at the age of 83 on March 8, 1994 at Det Norsk Diakonhjemmet in Oslo. He was buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund. [11]

Cultural references

[edit]
  • Knut Haukelid wrote his autobiography, Det demrer en dag in 1947 (revised edition 1953 under the name Kampen om tungtvannet).
  • Knut Haukelid's Skis Against the Atom (1953) told of the successful sabotaging of the Nazis' supply of heavy water.
  • Thomas Gallagher's Assault in Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program provide accounts of the Norway raid and Haukelid's participation.

Honors

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Knut Haukelid, 82; 1 of 9 known as WWII, Heroes of Telemark(The Boston Globe (Boston, MA) March 11, 1994)
  2. ^ Knut Haukelid, Memorial# 9743671 (Find A Grave )
  3. ^ "Sigrid Gurie". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  4. ^ Knut Haukelid, 82, Fighter in Resistance To Nazis in Norway (New York Times. March 11, 1994)
  5. ^ "Kompani Linge". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  6. ^ The Heroes of Telemark (Norsk Hydro ASA. Oslo, Norway 2009)
  7. ^ "Knut Haukelid". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  8. ^ Ivar Kraglund. "Knut Haukelid, Offiser, Motstandsmann". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  9. ^ "Mark Evans Austad, United States Ambassador to Norway". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  10. ^ "SAHF Inductees - Knut Haukelid". Norsk Hostfest. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  11. ^ "Om Diakonhjemmet". Stiftelsen Diakonhjemmet. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  12. ^ "Kampen om tungtvannet (1948)". IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  13. ^ Kampen om tungtvannet (1948) filmfront.no
  14. ^ The Heroes of Telemark (1965) IMDb.com, Inc.
  15. ^ Jorn Rossing Jensen (21 November 2014). "NRK ready to declare €8.7 million Heavy Water War". Cineuropa. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  16. ^ "Frank Kjosås". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved October 1, 2020.

Additional sources

[edit]
  • Haukelid, Knut (1989) Skis Against the Atom: The Exciting, First Hand Account of Heroism and Daring Sabotage During the Nazi Occupation of Norway (North American Heritage Press. Minot, North Dakota) ISBN 0-942323-07-6
  • Haukelid, Knut (1947). Det demrer en dag (in Norwegian). Oslo: Nasjonalforlaget.
  • Poulsson, Jens-Anton (2006). Tungtvannssabotasjen (in Norwegian). Oslo: Orion. ISBN 82-458-0803-2.
[edit]
  • Dahl, Per F. (1999) Heavy water and the wartime race for nuclear energy (Institute of Physics Publishing) ISBN 0-585-25449-4
  • Gallagher, Thomas (2002) Assault In Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program (The Lyons Press; Globe Pequot Press) ISBN 1585747505)
[edit]


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