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{{Infobox Bilateral|Italy – Holy See|Italy|Holy See}}
{{Infobox bilateral relations|Italy – Holy See|Italy|Holy See}}


'''Holy See–Italy relations''' refers to the [[special relationship (international relations)|special relationship]] between the [[Holy See]], which is sovereign over the [[Vatican City]], and the [[Italy|Italian Republic]].
'''Holy See–Italy relations''' are the [[special relationship (international relations)|special relations]] between the [[Holy See]], which is sovereign over the [[Vatican City]], and the [[Italy|Italian Republic]].


== History ==
== History ==
Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of [[Pius IX]] and [[Leo XIII]], who had to endure the status of [[prisoner of the Vatican]] after the [[capture of Rome]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/prisoner-of-the-vatican-a-popes-last-stand-and-the-birth-of-the-new-italy/ |title=“Prisoner of the Vatican”: A pope’s last stand and the birth of the new Italy |last=Updike |first=Robin |date=2005-01-09 |website=seattletimes.com |publisher=The Seattle Times |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref> refusing to recognize the [[Law of Guarantees]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07048a.htm |title=Law of Guarantees|website=newadvent.org |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref> Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by [[Freemasonry|freemasons]].{{Citation needed|reason=I'm sure this is true, but I'd like there to be a source on it|date=November 2021}}
Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of [[Pius IX]] and [[Leo XIII]], who had to endure the status of [[prisoner of the Vatican]] after the [[capture of Rome]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/prisoner-of-the-vatican-a-popes-last-stand-and-the-birth-of-the-new-italy/ |title="Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope’s last stand and the birth of the new Italy |last=Updike |first=Robin |date=2005-01-09 |website=seattletimes.com |publisher=The Seattle Times |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref> refusing to recognize the [[Law of Guarantees]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07048a.htm |title=Law of Guarantees|website=newadvent.org |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref> Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by [[Freemasonry|freemasons]].{{Citation needed|reason=I'm sure this is true, but I'd like there to be a source on it|date=November 2021}}


It was only under [[Pius XI]] that the [[Lateran Treaty]] was signed, establishing the [[Vatican City|State of Vatican City]], allowing for greater papal autonomy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vatican.com/The-Lateran-Treaty/ |title=The Lateran Treaty |date=2018-05-17 |website=Vatican.com |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>
It was only under [[Pius XI]] that the [[Lateran Treaty]] was signed, establishing the [[Vatican City|State of Vatican City]], allowing for greater papal autonomy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vatican.com/The-Lateran-Treaty/ |title=The Lateran Treaty |date=2018-05-17 |website=Vatican.com |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>


The new Italian Republic established in 1946 recognized freedom of religion. However, under [[Pius XII]] and [[Paul VI]], the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrats]] thrived and had great influence on Italian politics, in order to stop the [[Italian Communist Party]] from gaining power.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://historyofyesterday.com/when-the-pope-excommunicated-the-communists-2f6c95c8d4e7 |title=When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists |last=Caimmi |first=Michele |date=2020-07-25 |website=historyofyesterday.com |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>
The new [[Secular state|secular]] Italian Republic established in 1946 recognized freedom of religion. However, under [[Pius XII]] and [[Paul VI]], the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrats]] thrived and had great influence on Italian politics, in order to stop the [[Italian Communist Party]] from gaining power.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://historyofyesterday.com/when-the-pope-excommunicated-the-communists-2f6c95c8d4e7 |title=When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists |last=Caimmi |first=Michele |date=2020-07-25 |website=historyofyesterday.com |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>


== Diplomatic Legations to the Vatican in Italy ==
== Diplomatic Legations to the Vatican in Italy ==
Due to the size of the [[Vatican City]] State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based in Italy. Embassy officials of other countries also stay in Italy. Treaties signed between [[Italy]] and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.
Due to the size of the [[Vatican City]] State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based in Italy. Embassy officials of other countries also stay in Italy. Treaties signed between [[Italy]] and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.


The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the [[European Union]], and the [[Order of Malta]]; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in [[Rome]], though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.
The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the [[European Union]], and the [[Order of Malta]]; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in [[Rome]], though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.


This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the [[Republic of China]] (which controls Taiwan) and as such, the [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See|ROC Embassy to the Holy See]] is also in Rome.
This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the [[Republic of China]] (ROC, which controls Taiwan) and as such, the [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See|ROC Embassy to the Holy See]] is also in Rome.


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[Index of Vatican City-related articles]]
*[[Index of Vatican City-related articles]]
*[[Holy See–European Union relations]]
*[[Holy See–European Union relations]]
*[[Public funding of the Catholic Church in Italy]]


==References==
==Notes and references==
<!-- this 'empty' section displays references defined elsewhere -->
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Foreign relations of the Holy See}}
{{Foreign relations of the Holy See}}
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{{Holy See}}
{{Foreign relations of Italy}}
{{Foreign relations of Italy}}
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{{Holy See}}
{{Foreign relations of San Marino}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Holy See-Italy relations}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holy See-Italy relations}}
[[Category:Holy See–Italy relations| ]]
[[Category:Holy See–Italy relations| ]]
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[[Category:Bilateral relations of Italy]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the Holy See|Italy]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the Holy See|Italy]]
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[[Category:Bilateral relations of Italy]]

Latest revision as of 17:07, 24 June 2024

Italy – Holy See relations
Map indicating locations of Italy and Holy See

Italy
Holy See

Holy See–Italy relations are the special relations between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and the Italian Republic.

History

[edit]

Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of Pius IX and Leo XIII, who had to endure the status of prisoner of the Vatican after the capture of Rome,[1] refusing to recognize the Law of Guarantees.[2] Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by freemasons.[citation needed]

It was only under Pius XI that the Lateran Treaty was signed, establishing the State of Vatican City, allowing for greater papal autonomy.[3]

The new secular Italian Republic established in 1946 recognized freedom of religion. However, under Pius XII and Paul VI, the Christian Democrats thrived and had great influence on Italian politics, in order to stop the Italian Communist Party from gaining power.[4]

Diplomatic Legations to the Vatican in Italy

[edit]

Due to the size of the Vatican City State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based in Italy. Embassy officials of other countries also stay in Italy. Treaties signed between Italy and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.

The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the European Union, and the Order of Malta; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in Rome, though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.

This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the Republic of China (ROC, which controls Taiwan) and as such, the ROC Embassy to the Holy See is also in Rome.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Updike, Robin (2005-01-09). ""Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope's last stand and the birth of the new Italy". seattletimes.com. The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  2. ^ "Law of Guarantees". newadvent.org. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  3. ^ "The Lateran Treaty". Vatican.com. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  4. ^ Caimmi, Michele (2020-07-25). "When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists". historyofyesterday.com. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
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