Holy See–Italy relations: Difference between revisions

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Holy See–Italy relations are the special relations between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and the Italian Republic.

History

Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of Pius IX and Leo XIII, who had to endure the status of prisoner of the Vatican after the capture of Rome,^[1] refusing to recognize the Law of Guarantees.^[2] Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by freemasons.^{[citation needed]}

It was only under Pius XI that the Lateran Treaty was signed, establishing the State of Vatican City, allowing for greater papal autonomy.^[3]

The new secular Italian Republic established in 1946 recognized freedom of religion. However, under Pius XII and Paul VI, the Christian Democrats thrived and had great influence on Italian politics, in order to stop the Italian Communist Party from gaining power.^[4]

Diplomatic Legations to the Vatican in Italy

Due to the size of the Vatican City State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based in Italy. Embassy officials of other countries also stay in Italy. Treaties signed between Italy and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.

The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the European Union, and the Order of Malta; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in Rome, though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.

This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the Republic of China (ROC, which controls Taiwan) and as such, the ROC Embassy to the Holy See is also in Rome.

References

^ Updike, Robin (2005-01-09). ""Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope's last stand and the birth of the new Italy". seattletimes.com. The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ "Law of Guarantees". newadvent.org. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ "The Lateran Treaty". Vatican.com. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ Caimmi, Michele (2020-07-25). "When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists". historyofyesterday.com. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[1] Updike, Robin (2005-01-09). ""Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope's last stand and the birth of the new Italy". seattletimes.com. The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[2] "Law of Guarantees". newadvent.org. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[3] "The Lateran Treaty". Vatican.com. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[4] Caimmi, Michele (2020-07-25). "When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists". historyofyesterday.com. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox Bilateral|Italy – Holy See|Italy|Holy See}}
+{{Infobox bilateral relations|Italy – Holy See|Italy|Holy See}}
-'''Holy See–Italy relations''' refers to the [[diplomatic relations]] between the [[Holy See]], which is sovereign over the [[Vatican City]], and the [[Italy|Italian Republic]].
+'''Holy See–Italy relations''' are the [[special relationship (international relations)|special relations]] between the [[Holy See]], which is sovereign over the [[Vatican City]], and the [[Italy|Italian Republic]].
 == History ==
-Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of [[Pius IX]] and [[Leo XIII]], who had to endure the status of [[prisoner of the Vatican]] after the [[capture of Rome]]. Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by [[freemasonry|freemasons]].
+Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of [[Pius IX]] and [[Leo XIII]], who had to endure the status of [[prisoner of the Vatican]] after the [[capture of Rome]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/prisoner-of-the-vatican-a-popes-last-stand-and-the-birth-of-the-new-italy/ |title="Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope’s last stand and the birth of the new Italy |last=Updike |first=Robin |date=2005-01-09 |website=seattletimes.com |publisher=The Seattle Times |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref> refusing to recognize the [[Law of Guarantees]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07048a.htm |title=Law of Guarantees|website=newadvent.org |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref> Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by [[Freemasonry|freemasons]].{{Citation needed|reason=I'm sure this is true, but I'd like there to be a source on it|date=November 2021}}
-It was only under [[Pius XI]] that the [[Lateran Treaty]] was signed, establishing the [[Vatican City|State of Vatican City]], allowing for greater papal autonomy. Under [[Pius XII]] and [[Paul VI]], [[Christian Democracy]] parties thrived and had great influence on Italian politics. The pope is recognized as a ''kingmaker'' in Italian politics, as demonstrated with the papal influence in the rivalry between Silvio Berlusconi and Romano Prodi.{{Fact|date=June 2009}}
+It was only under [[Pius XI]] that the [[Lateran Treaty]] was signed, establishing the [[Vatican City|State of Vatican City]], allowing for greater papal autonomy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vatican.com/The-Lateran-Treaty/ |title=The Lateran Treaty |date=2018-05-17 |website=Vatican.com |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>
+The new [[Secular state|secular]] Italian Republic established in 1946 recognized freedom of religion. However, under [[Pius XII]] and [[Paul VI]], the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrats]] thrived and had great influence on Italian politics, in order to stop the [[Italian Communist Party]] from gaining power.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://historyofyesterday.com/when-the-pope-excommunicated-the-communists-2f6c95c8d4e7 |title=When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists |last=Caimmi |first=Michele |date=2020-07-25 |website=historyofyesterday.com |access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>
 == Diplomatic Legations to the Vatican in Italy ==
+Due to the size of the [[Vatican City]] State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based in Italy. Embassy officials of other countries also stay in Italy. Treaties signed between [[Italy]] and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.
+The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the [[European Union]], and the [[Order of Malta]]; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in [[Rome]], though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.
-Due to the size of the [[Vatican City]] State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based on Italian territory. Treaties signed between [[Italy]] and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.
+This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the [[Republic of China]] (ROC, which controls Taiwan) and as such, the [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See|ROC Embassy to the Holy See]] is also in Rome.
-The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the [[European Union]], and the [[Order of Malta]]; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in [[Rome]], though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.
-This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the [[People's Republic of China]], and as such, the PRC Embassy to Italy is in Rome.  However, the Vatican City State recognizes the [[Republic of China]] (commonly known as "Taiwan"), and as such, the ROC Embassy to the Holy See is also in Rome. As Italy was the first country to recognize the Holy See as a sovereign nation, their embassy was the first one established.
-==Apostolic Nuncios to Italy and San Marino==
-The nunciature to Italy is currently held by Archbishop Adriano Bernardini. Past nuncios since 1929 were:
-*[[Francesco Borgongini Duca]] (30 June 1929 - 12 January 1953)
-*[[Giuseppe Fietta]] (26 January 1953 - 15 December 1958)
-*[[Carlo Grano]] (15 December 1958 - 26 June 1967)
-*[[Egano Righi-Lambertini]] (8 July 1967 - 23 April 1969)
-*[[Romolo Carboni]] (26 April 1969 - 19 April 1986)
-*[[Luigi Poggi]] (19 April 1986 - 9 April 1992)
-*[[Carlo Furno]] (15 April 1992 - 26 November 1994)
-*[[Francesco Colasuonno]] (12 November 1994 - 21 February 1998)
-*[[Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo]] (7 March 1998 - 17 April 2001 )
-*[[Paolo Romeo]] (17 April 2001 - 19 December 2006)
-*[[Giuseppe Bertello]] (11 January 2007 - 1 October 2011)
-*[[Adriano Bernardini]] (15 November 2011 - )
 ==See also==
+*[[Apostolic Nunciature to Italy]]
 *[[Lateran Treaty]]
-*[[Diplomatic missions of Italy]]
 *[[List of diplomatic missions in Italy]]
+*[[List of diplomatic missions of Italy]]
+*[[Index of Vatican City-related articles]]
+*[[Holy See–European Union relations]]
+*[[Public funding of the Catholic Church in Italy]]
+==References==
-==Notes and references==
-<!-- this 'empty' section displays references defined elsewhere -->
-{{unreferenced|date=May 2008}}
 {{Reflist}}
 {{Foreign relations of the Holy See}}
 {{Foreign relations of Italy}}
+{{Holy See}}
-[[Category:Holy See–Italy relations| ]]
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Holy See-Italy relations}}
-[[it:Relazioni bilaterali tra Italia e Santa Sede]]
+[[Category:Holy See–Italy relations| ]]
-[[ru:Апостольский нунций в Италии]]
+[[Category:Bilateral relations of the Holy See|Italy]]
-[[sl:Apostolska nunciatura v Italiji]]
+[[Category:Bilateral relations of Italy]]

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