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{{Short description|Combination of substances that do not mix}}
{{wikify|date=November 2011}}
{{Unreferenced|date=September 2022}}
A dispersed medium consists of two media that do not mix. More specifically, it contains discrete elements of one medium which are dispersed in a continuous second medium. The two media can be of very different nature. In particular, they can be a [[gas]], a [[liquid]] or a [[solid]].
A [[Dispersion (chemistry)|dispersed medium]] consists of two media that do not mix. More specifically, it contains discrete elements of one medium which are dispersed in a continuous second medium. The two media can be of very different nature. In particular, they can be a [[gas]], a [[liquid]] or a [[solid]].


Many materials which we encounter during the day are dispersed media. For example, [[milk]] consists of [[oil]] drops dispersed in water, [[fog]] contains tiny water drops dispersed in air, [[shaving cream]] contains bubbles dispersed in water, sand consists of solid grains in air and a kitchen sponge of bubbles dispersed in a solid.
Many materials which we encounter during the day are dispersed media. For example, [[milk]] consists of [[oil]] drops dispersed in water, [[fog]] contains tiny water drops dispersed in air, [[shaving cream]] contains bubbles dispersed in a liquid, sand consists of solid grains in air and a kitchen sponge of bubbles dispersed in a solid.


Dispersed media are commonly classified according to the nature of the two media and the volume fraction of the dispersed medium.
Dispersed media are commonly classified according to the nature of the two media and the volume fraction of the dispersed medium. At very low volume fraction the dispersed objects are not in contact with each other. At intermediate volume fraction they start to be in contact (they [[jamming (physics)|jam]]). And at even higher volume fraction, the dispersed objects deform in a tight packing.


Another classification takes into account the typical size of the dispersed objects. When the objects are very small (typically < 1 micrometer), for example, one speaks of [[colloids]].
The following table provides an overview of the main types of dispersed media.


The following table provides an overview of the main types of dispersed media.
Missing: Jamming transition
{| class="wikitable"
Missing: Comments on size (Colloids etc.) and polydispersity
|-

! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Medium

! colspan="3" | Dispersed medium
<table class="wikitable">
|-
<tr>
| style="text-align:center" | '''''Gas'''''
<th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Medium&nbsp</th>
| style="text-align:center" | '''''Liquid'''''
<th colspan="3">'''Dispersed phase'''</th>
| style="text-align:center" | '''''Solid'''''
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! rowspan="3" | '''Continuous<br />medium'''
<td><center>'''''Gas'''''</center></td>
<td><center>'''''Liquid'''''</center></td>
| '''''Gas'''''
| style="text-align:center" | '''NONE'''<br />(All gases are mutually [[Miscibility|miscible]])
<td><center>'''''Solid'''''</center></td>
| style="text-align:center" | '''---'''<br />
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="3">'''Continuous medium'''</th>
<td>'''''Gas'''''</td>
<td><center>'''NONE'''<br />(All gases are mutually [[Miscibility|miscible]])</center></td>
</td>
<td><center>'''---'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Liqingas1.jpg|center]] {{center| [[Aerosol]] <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Liqingas2.jpg|center|]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Liqingas3.jpg|center|]] {{center| ??? <br /> &nbsp;}}
| [[Aerosol]] || - || [[???]]
|}
|}
| style="text-align:center" | '''GASEOUS SUSPENSION'''<br />
</td>

</td>
<td><center>'''---'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Solingas1.jpg|center]] {{center| [[Dust|Dust aerosol]] <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Solingas2.jpg|center]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Solingas3.jpg|center]] {{center| [[Granular material]]<br /> &nbsp;}}
| [[Dust]] || - || [[Granular material]]
|}
|}
|-
</td>
| '''''Liquid'''''

| style="text-align:center" | '''AERATED LIQUID'''<br />
</tr>
<tr>
<td>'''''Liquid'''''</td>
<td><center>'''AERATED LIQUID'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Gasliquid1.jpg|thumb|right|100px|]] Bubbly liquid <br />|| - || [[Foam]]
| [[File:Gasliquid1-2.jpg|center]] {{center| Bubbly liquid <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Gasliquid2-2.jpg|center|]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Gasliquid3-2.jpg|center|]] {{center| [[Foam]] <br /> &nbsp;}}
|}
|}
| style="text-align:center" | '''[[Emulsion|EMULSION]]'''<br />

</td>
<td><center>'''[[Emulsion|EMULSION]]'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| Emulsion || - || High internal phase emulsion (HIPE)
| [[File:Liqinliq1.jpg|center]] {{center|Emulsion <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Liqinliq2.jpg|center|]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Liqinliq3.jpg|center|]] {{center| High internal phase<br />emulsion (HIPE)}}
|}
|}
| style="text-align:center" | '''LIQUID SUSPENSION'''<br />
</td>

</td>
<td><center>'''---'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Solinliq1.jpg|center]] {{center|[[Suspension (chemistry)|Liquid suspension]] <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Solinliq2.jpg|center|]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Solinliq3.jpg|center|]] {{center| ??? <br /> &nbsp;}}
| ??? || Example || ???
|}
|}
|-
</td>
| '''''Solid'''''

| style="text-align:center" | '''AERATED SOLIDS'''<br />
<tr>
<td>'''''Solid'''''</td>
</td>
<td><center>'''AERATED SOLIDS'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Gasinsol.jpg|center]] {{center| Solid with<br/>enclosed bubbles}} || [[File:Gasinsol2.jpg|center]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Gasinsol3.jpg|center]] {{center| Solid [[foam]]<br />[[Sponge (material)|sponge]] <br />}}
| ??? || - || Solid [[foam]]/[[sponge]]
|}
|}
| style="text-align:center" | '''[[Gel | GEL]]'''<br />
</td>
</td>
<td><center>'''---'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Liqinsol1.jpg|center]] {{center| ??? <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Liqinsol2.jpg|center]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Liqinsol3.jpg|center]] {{center| ??? <br /> &nbsp;}}
| ??? || - || ???
|}
|}
| style="text-align:center" | '''IMPURE SUBSTANCE'''<br />
</td>

</td>
<td><center>'''---'''<br />
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[File:Solidsolid1.jpg|center|]] {{center| [[Dopant|Doped material]] <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Solidsolid2.jpg|center|]] {{center| . . . <br /> &nbsp;}} || [[File:Solidsolid3.jpg|center|]] {{center| [[Alloy]] <br /> &nbsp;}}
| ??? || - || ???
|}
|}
|}
</td>


See also: [[Dispersion_(chemistry) | Dispersion]]



[[Category:Chemical mixtures]]
</tr>
</table>

Latest revision as of 01:37, 26 June 2024

A dispersed medium consists of two media that do not mix. More specifically, it contains discrete elements of one medium which are dispersed in a continuous second medium. The two media can be of very different nature. In particular, they can be a gas, a liquid or a solid.

Many materials which we encounter during the day are dispersed media. For example, milk consists of oil drops dispersed in water, fog contains tiny water drops dispersed in air, shaving cream contains bubbles dispersed in a liquid, sand consists of solid grains in air and a kitchen sponge of bubbles dispersed in a solid.

Dispersed media are commonly classified according to the nature of the two media and the volume fraction of the dispersed medium. At very low volume fraction the dispersed objects are not in contact with each other. At intermediate volume fraction they start to be in contact (they jam). And at even higher volume fraction, the dispersed objects deform in a tight packing.

Another classification takes into account the typical size of the dispersed objects. When the objects are very small (typically < 1 micrometer), for example, one speaks of colloids.

The following table provides an overview of the main types of dispersed media.

Medium Dispersed medium
Gas Liquid Solid
Continuous
medium 		Gas NONE
(All gases are mutually miscible) 		---
Aerosol
 
. . .
 
 ???
 
 GASEOUS SUSPENSION
Dust aerosol
 
. . .
 
Granular material
 
Liquid AERATED LIQUID
Bubbly liquid
 
. . .
 
Foam
 
 EMULSION
Emulsion
 
. . .
 
High internal phase
emulsion (HIPE)
 LIQUID SUSPENSION
Liquid suspension
 
. . .
 
 ???
 
Solid AERATED SOLIDS
Solid with
enclosed bubbles
. . .
 
Solid foam
sponge
GEL
 ???
 
. . .
 
 ???
 
 IMPURE SUBSTANCE
Doped material
 
. . .
 
Alloy
 


See also: Dispersion

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