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{{Short description|Brazilian media conglomerate}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Gráficos Bloch S.A.
| name = Gráficos Bloch S.A.
| logo =
| logo =
| trading_name = Grupo Bloch
| trade_name = Grupo Bloch
| type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Sociedade anônima]]
| type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Sociedade anônima]]
| industry = Mass media
| industry = Mass media
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| founded = {{Start date and age|1922}} in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| founded = {{Start date and age|1922}} in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| founder = Adolpho Bloch
| founder = Adolpho Bloch
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = {{End date and age|2000}}
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_country =
| hq_location_country =
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}}
}}


'''Grupo Bloch''', also known as '''Empresas Bloch''', is a Brazilian [[media conglomerate]], founded by Ukrainian businessman Adolpho Bloch's family after their arrival in [[Rio de Janeiro]] in 1922, when they created '''Joseph Bloch & Filhos''' company.<ref name="renan-vieira">{{cite web |url=http://www.bocc.ubi.pt/pag/vieira-renan-rede-manchete-um-estudo-de-caso.pdf |title=Rede Manchete: um estudo de caso |access-date=December 19, 2015 |author=Renan Milanez Vieira |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="folha-sp1">{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrada/66124-memorias-de-um-sobrevivente.shtml |title=Memórias de um sobrevivente |author=Carlos Heitor Cony |date=September 14, 2012 |work=Ilustrada |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The company, which published pamphlets and other printed material, also started to print magazines.<ref name="renan-vieira"/> Thus, in 1953, the company launched ''[[Manchete (magazine)|Manchete]]'' magazine.<ref name="renan-vieira"/><ref name="folha-sp2">{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/opiniao/fz3107200809.htm |title=Uma tragédia sem manchete |author=Roberto Muggiati |date=July 31, 2008 |work=Opinião |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> With its successful launch, the publishing division of Bloch Editores was established.<ref name="renan-vieira"/>
'''Grupo Bloch''', also known as '''Empresas Bloch''', was a Brazilian [[media conglomerate]], founded by Ukrainian businessman Adolpho Bloch's family after their arrival in [[Rio de Janeiro]] in 1922, when they created '''Joseph Bloch & Filhos''' company.<ref name="renan-vieira">{{cite web |url=http://www.bocc.ubi.pt/pag/vieira-renan-rede-manchete-um-estudo-de-caso.pdf |title=Rede Manchete: um estudo de caso |access-date=December 19, 2015 |author=Renan Milanez Vieira |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="folha-sp1">{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrada/66124-memorias-de-um-sobrevivente.shtml |title=Memórias de um sobrevivente |author=Carlos Heitor Cony |date=September 14, 2012 |work=Ilustrada |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The company, which published pamphlets and other printed material, also started to print magazines.<ref name="renan-vieira"/> Thus, in 1953, the company launched ''[[Manchete (magazine)|Manchete]]'' magazine.<ref name="renan-vieira"/><ref name="folha-sp2">{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/opiniao/fz3107200809.htm |title=Uma tragédia sem manchete |author=Roberto Muggiati |date=July 31, 2008 |work=Opinião |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> With its successful launch, the publishing division of Bloch Editores was established.<ref name="renan-vieira"/>


The group owned various Brazilian communication companies. At the end of the 1970s, the company funded the Rádio Manchete, a [[medium wave]] ([[AM broadcasting|AM]]) radio station as well as Manchete FM radio network.<ref name="renan-vieira"/> With the success of the radio stations, at the beginning of the 1980s the group entered the Brazilian government's competition to be one of the dealers of two television networks formed from the hunting concessions of the networks [[Rede Tupi|Tupi]] and [[Rede Excelsior|Excelsior]].<ref name="folha-sp3">{{cite web |url=http://almanaque.folha.uol.com.br/brasil_20mar1981.htm |title=Escolhidas grupos das novas TVs |date=March 20, 1981 |work=Banco de Dados Folha |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="pro-tv1">{{cite web |url=http://www.museudatv.com.br/inicio/?page_id=1483 |title=TV Manchete |author=Ricardo Xavier |publisher=Pró TV |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Grupo Bloch was one of the bid winners, along with [[Grupo Silvio Santos]], and immediately launched the [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão]] (SBT).<ref name="folha-sp3"/> The [[Rede Manchete]], owned by Grupo Bloch, had already been launched in 1983.<ref name="renan-vieira"/><ref name="folha-sp2"/><ref name="pro-tv1"/>
The group owned various Brazilian communication companies. At the end of the 1970s, the company funded the Rádio Manchete, a [[medium wave]] ([[AM broadcasting|AM]]) radio station as well as Manchete FM radio network.<ref name="renan-vieira"/> With the success of the radio stations, at the beginning of the 1980s the group entered the Brazilian government's competition to be one of the dealers of two television networks formed from the hunting concessions of the networks [[Rede Tupi|Tupi]] and [[Rede Excelsior|Excelsior]].<ref name="folha-sp3">{{cite web |url=http://almanaque.folha.uol.com.br/brasil_20mar1981.htm |title=Escolhidas grupos das novas TVs |date=March 20, 1981 |work=Banco de Dados Folha |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="pro-tv1">{{cite web |url=http://www.museudatv.com.br/inicio/?page_id=1483 |title=TV Manchete |author=Ricardo Xavier |publisher=Pró TV |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Grupo Bloch was one of the bid winners, along with [[Grupo Silvio Santos]], and immediately launched the [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão]] (SBT).<ref name="folha-sp3"/> The [[Rede Manchete]], owned by Grupo Bloch, had already been launched in 1983.<ref name="renan-vieira"/><ref name="folha-sp2"/><ref name="pro-tv1"/>


With millions in debt, the company had to sell Rede Manchete in 1992, but after the new owner, Hamilton Lucas de Oliveira, did not comply with the contract of sale, Grupo Bloch regained ownership of the network.<ref name="renan-vieira"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/1995/4/18/brasil/4.html |title=Auditoria mostra que banco favoreceu o grupo Bloch |date=April 18, 1995 |work=Brasil |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="noticias-da-tv1">{{cite web |url=http://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/em-1993-greve-tirou-manchete-do-ar-em-sp-e-virou-noticia-na-globo-6370 |title=Em 1993, greve tirou Manchete do ar em SP e virou notícia na Globo |author=Thell de Castro |date=January 25, 2015 |work=Notícias da TV |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Still accumulating debts, the company had to get rid of the television business in 1999, selling concessions for five owned-and-operated stations of Manchete to the Grupo TeleTV owners, Amilcare Dallevo Jr. and Marcelo de Carvalho, who launched a new network called [[RedeTV!]] to replace Rede Manchete.<ref name="noticias-da-tv1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq22059905.htm |title=Nova TV Manchete estréia em agosto com outro nome |author=Aline Sordili |date=May 22, 1999 |work=Ilustrada |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="istoe-gente1">{{cite web |url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/01/reportagens/dallevo.htm |title=O dono da Rede TV! |author=Erica Benute |date=August 9, 1999 |work=ISTOÉ Gente |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="revista-exame1">{{cite web |url=http://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/edicoes/689/noticias/aconteceu-virou-manchete-m0053683 |title=Aconteceu, virou Manchete |author=José Roberto Caetano |date=June 2, 1999 |work=Exame |publisher=[[Abril.com]] |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="folha-da-regiao1">{{cite web |url=http://www.folhadaregiao.com.br/jornal/1999/11/14/teve.php |title=Rede TV! estréia programação |author=Carla França |date=November 14, 1999 |publisher=Folha da Região |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="diario-do-grande-abc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dgabc.com.br/Noticia/404547/teletv-compra-rede-manchete-por-uss-608-milhoes |title=TeleTV compra Rede Manchete por US$608 milhoes |date=May 9, 1999 |publisher=Diário do Grande ABC |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref>
With millions in debt, the company had to sell Rede Manchete in 1992, but after the new owner, Hamilton Lucas de Oliveira, did not comply with the contract of sale, Grupo Bloch regained ownership of the network.<ref name="renan-vieira"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/1995/4/18/brasil/4.html |title=Auditoria mostra que banco favoreceu o grupo Bloch |date=April 18, 1995 |work=Brasil |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="noticias-da-tv1">{{cite web |url=http://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/em-1993-greve-tirou-manchete-do-ar-em-sp-e-virou-noticia-na-globo-6370 |title=Em 1993, greve tirou Manchete do ar em SP e virou notícia na Globo |author=Thell de Castro |date=January 25, 2015 |work=Notícias da TV |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Still accumulating debts, the company had to get rid of the television business in 1999, selling concessions for five owned-and-operated stations of Manchete to the Grupo TeleTV owners, Amilcare Dallevo Jr. and Marcelo de Carvalho, who launched a new network called [[RedeTV!]] to replace Rede Manchete.<ref name="noticias-da-tv1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq22059905.htm |title=Nova TV Manchete estréia em agosto com outro nome |author=Aline Sordili |date=May 22, 1999 |work=Ilustrada |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="istoe-gente1">{{cite web |url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/01/reportagens/dallevo.htm |title=O dono da Rede TV! |author=Erica Benute |date=August 9, 1999 |work=ISTOÉ Gente |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese |archive-date=August 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820043328/http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/01/reportagens/dallevo.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="revista-exame1">{{cite web |url=http://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/edicoes/689/noticias/aconteceu-virou-manchete-m0053683 |title=Aconteceu, virou Manchete |author=José Roberto Caetano |date=June 2, 1999 |work=Exame |publisher=[[Abril.com]] |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053237/http://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/edicoes/689/noticias/aconteceu-virou-manchete-m0053683 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="folha-da-regiao1">{{cite web |url=http://www.folhadaregiao.com.br/jornal/1999/11/14/teve.php |title=Rede TV! estréia programação |author=Carla França |date=November 14, 1999 |publisher=Folha da Região |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222173202/http://www.folhadaregiao.com.br/jornal/1999/11/14/teve.php |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="diario-do-grande-abc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dgabc.com.br/Noticia/404547/teletv-compra-rede-manchete-por-uss-608-milhoes |title=TeleTV compra Rede Manchete por US$608 milhoes |date=May 9, 1999 |publisher=Diário do Grande ABC |access-date=December 16, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref>


Bloch Editores filed for bankruptcy in 1999, and was closed in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/dinheiro/fi27079912.htm |title=Bloch Editores pede concordata no Rio |date=July 27, 1999 |work=Mercado |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/dinheiro/fi09099921.htm |title=Justiça do Rio aceita pedido de concordata da Bloch Editores |date=September 9, 1999 |work=Mercado |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/dinheiro/fi0208200013.htm |title=Bloch Editores pede a autofalência para evitar fechamento |date=August 2, 2000 |work=Mercado |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq2003200122.htm |title=Justiça do Rio confisca obras da Bloch Editores |author= Cristian Klein |date=March 20, 2001 |work=Ilustrada |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |quote=[...] Eles pertencem à Bloch Editores, empresa cuja falência foi decretada em 1º de agosto do ano passado. [...] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The company portfolio of magazines was sold to Manchete Editora, founded in 2002 by Mark Dvoskin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portaldacomunicacao.uol.com.br/graficas-livros/noticias/artigo194851-1.asp |title=De volta às bancas |author=Leandro Rodrigues |work=Portal da Comunicação |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paisefilhos.com.br/quem-somos/ |title=Quem somos |access-date=December 19, 2015 |publisher=Pais&Filhos |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The radio stations of the Manchete FM network were sold to Grupo Sol Panamby, to politician [[Orestes Quércia]], who turned it into Nova Brasil FM network owned-and-operated stations, with the exception of the station in Rio de Janeiro, which transmits the radio network Feliz FM.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/12547-exclusivo-feliz-fm-vai-substituir-a-radio-globo-em-895-fm-no-rio-de-janeiro |title=Exclusivo: Feliz FM vai substituir a Rádio Globo em 89.5 FM no Rio de Janeiro |author=Daniel Starck |date=January 27, 2015 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=February 2, 2016 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/12561-panorama-feliz-fm-de-sao-paulo-anuncia-emissora-no-rio-de-janeiro-e-estreia-deve-movimentar-o-fm-carioca |title=Panorama: Feliz FM de São Paulo anuncia emissora no Rio de Janeiro e estréia deve movimentar o FM carioca |author=Daniel Starck |date=January 29, 2015 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=February 2, 2016 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The [[São Paulo]] station was later sold to the [[Grupo RBS]], which soon after sold it to Paulo Henrique Cardosothe, son of former president of the republic [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]]. Since 2010 it has broadcast the programming of [[Radio Disney Brazil|Rádio Disney]] on the old Manchete FM frequency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ninive.selfip.com:8080/quercia/handle/123456789/1682 |title=RBS compra rádio FM em São Paulo |author=Alisson Avila |date=June 7, 2007 |publisher=Acervo Orestes Quércia |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folhateen/831540-radio-disney-estreia-no-brasil-e-investe-na-interacao-com-o-publico-jovem.shtml |title=Rádio Disney estreia no Brasil e investe na interação com o público jovem |author=Mayra Maldjian |date=November 16, 2010 |work=Folhateen |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/177909_O+ESQUEMA+SUSPEITO+DE+PHC+DISNEY |title=O esquema suspeito de PHC & Disney |access-date=December 19, 2015 |author=Pedro Marcondes de Moura |date=November 18, 2011 |work=[[ISTOÉ]] |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,ministerio-investiga-radio-disney-de-filho-de-fhc-imp-,798646 |title=Ministério investiga rádio Disney, de filho de FHC |date=November 15, 2011 |work=Política |publisher=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/6509-radio-disney-comemora-seu-primeiro-ano-na-capital-paulista |title=Rádio Disney comemora seu primeiro ano na capital paulista |author=Carlos Massaro |date=December 3, 2011 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The only remaining media group company, Rádio Manchete, ended its activities at the end of 2015, remaining on the air over the Internet through [[streaming media]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/14264-radio-manchete-deixa-o-am-do-rio-de-janeiro |title=Rádio Manchete deixa o AM do Rio de Janeiro |author=Carlos Massaro |date=November 13, 2015 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The archives of magazines and television, as well as group-owned properties, were sold to pay the debts of their companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/tvfolha/tv0408200205.htm |title=Acervo da Manchete está se perdendo |author=Marcelo Bortoloti |date=August 4, 2002 |work=TV Folha |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,acervo-da-bloch-editores-sera-leiloado-no-rj,433787 |title=Acervo da Bloch Editores será leiloado no RJ |author=[[Agência Estado]] |date=September 12, 2009 |work=Geral |publisher=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://economia.terra.com.br/rio-tj-confirma-leilao-do-predio-da-manchete-de-r-417-mi,099117a7adc4b310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html |title=Rio: TJ confirma leilão do prédio da Manchete, de R$ 41,7 mi |date=May 11, 2009 |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref>
Bloch Editores filed for bankruptcy in 1999, and was closed in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/dinheiro/fi27079912.htm |title=Bloch Editores pede concordata no Rio |date=July 27, 1999 |work=Mercado |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/dinheiro/fi09099921.htm |title=Justiça do Rio aceita pedido de concordata da Bloch Editores |date=September 9, 1999 |work=Mercado |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/dinheiro/fi0208200013.htm |title=Bloch Editores pede a autofalência para evitar fechamento |date=August 2, 2000 |work=Mercado |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq2003200122.htm |title=Justiça do Rio confisca obras da Bloch Editores |author= Cristian Klein |date=March 20, 2001 |work=Ilustrada |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |quote=[...] Eles pertencem à Bloch Editores, empresa cuja falência foi decretada em 1º de agosto do ano passado. [...] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The company portfolio of magazines was sold to Manchete Editora, founded in 2002 by Mark Dvoskin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portaldacomunicacao.uol.com.br/graficas-livros/noticias/artigo194851-1.asp |title=De volta às bancas |author=Leandro Rodrigues |work=Portal da Comunicação |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222150055/http://portaldacomunicacao.uol.com.br/graficas-livros/noticias/artigo194851-1.asp |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paisefilhos.com.br/quem-somos/ |title=Quem somos |access-date=December 19, 2015 |publisher=Pais&Filhos |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The radio stations of the Manchete FM network were sold to Grupo Sol Panamby, to politician [[Orestes Quércia]], who turned it into Nova Brasil FM network owned-and-operated stations, with the exception of the station in Rio de Janeiro, which transmits the radio network Feliz FM.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/12547-exclusivo-feliz-fm-vai-substituir-a-radio-globo-em-895-fm-no-rio-de-janeiro |title=Exclusivo: Feliz FM vai substituir a Rádio Globo em 89.5 FM no Rio de Janeiro |author=Daniel Starck |date=January 27, 2015 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=February 2, 2016 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/12561-panorama-feliz-fm-de-sao-paulo-anuncia-emissora-no-rio-de-janeiro-e-estreia-deve-movimentar-o-fm-carioca |title=Panorama: Feliz FM de São Paulo anuncia emissora no Rio de Janeiro e estréia deve movimentar o FM carioca |author=Daniel Starck |date=January 29, 2015 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=February 2, 2016 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The [[São Paulo]] station was later sold to the [[Grupo RBS]], which soon after sold it to Paulo Henrique Cardoso, the son of former president of the republic [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]]. Since 2010 it has broadcast the programming of [[Radio Disney Brazil|Rádio Disney]] on the old Manchete FM frequency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ninive.selfip.com:8080/quercia/handle/123456789/1682 |title=RBS compra rádio FM em São Paulo |author=Alisson Avila |date=June 7, 2007 |publisher=Acervo Orestes Quércia |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222201852/http://ninive.selfip.com:8080/quercia/handle/123456789/1682 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folhateen/831540-radio-disney-estreia-no-brasil-e-investe-na-interacao-com-o-publico-jovem.shtml |title=Rádio Disney estreia no Brasil e investe na interação com o público jovem |author=Mayra Maldjian |date=November 16, 2010 |work=Folhateen |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/177909_O+ESQUEMA+SUSPEITO+DE+PHC+DISNEY |title=O esquema suspeito de PHC & Disney |access-date=December 19, 2015 |author=Pedro Marcondes de Moura |date=November 18, 2011 |work=[[ISTOÉ]] |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,ministerio-investiga-radio-disney-de-filho-de-fhc-imp-,798646 |title=Ministério investiga rádio Disney, de filho de FHC |date=November 15, 2011 |work=Política |publisher=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/6509-radio-disney-comemora-seu-primeiro-ano-na-capital-paulista |title=Rádio Disney comemora seu primeiro ano na capital paulista |author=Carlos Massaro |date=December 3, 2011 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The only remaining media group company, Rádio Manchete, ended its activities at the end of 2015, remaining on the air over the Internet through [[streaming media]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tudoradio.com/noticias/ver/14264-radio-manchete-deixa-o-am-do-rio-de-janeiro |title=Rádio Manchete deixa o AM do Rio de Janeiro |author=Carlos Massaro |date=November 13, 2015 |publisher=Tudo Rádio |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> The archives of magazines and television, as well as group-owned properties, were sold to pay the debts of their companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/tvfolha/tv0408200205.htm |title=Acervo da Manchete está se perdendo |author=Marcelo Bortoloti |date=August 4, 2002 |work=TV Folha |publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,acervo-da-bloch-editores-sera-leiloado-no-rj,433787 |title=Acervo da Bloch Editores será leiloado no RJ |author=Agência Estado |author-link=Agência Estado |date=September 12, 2009 |work=Geral |publisher=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://economia.terra.com.br/rio-tj-confirma-leilao-do-predio-da-manchete-de-r-417-mi,099117a7adc4b310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html |title=Rio: TJ confirma leilão do prédio da Manchete, de R$ 41,7 mi |date=May 11, 2009 |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref>


Bloch Som e Imagem, a company created to produce programs for Rede Manchete, the bankrupt estate of TV Manchete Ltda., legal name of Rede Manchete, and the concession of Radio Manchete, granted for the Rádio Federal Ltda. EPP, are still owned by the Grupo Bloch, managed by Pedro Jack Kapeller, the nephew of Adolpho Bloch and heir to his uncle's companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dgabc.com.br/Noticia/153163/bloch-pode-voltar-a-produzir-programas-mesmo-sem-emissora |title=Bloch pode voltar a produzir programas mesmo sem emissora |date=May 20, 1999 |publisher=Diário do Grande ABC |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://convergecom.com.br/telaviva/paytv/10/05/1999/conheca-melhor-o-grupo-que-comprou-a-manchete/ |title=Conheça melhor o grupo que comprou a Manchete |date=May 10, 1999 |publisher=Tela Viva |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/decleg/2015/decretolegislativo-23-7-janeiro-2015-779958-publicacaooriginal-145860-pl.html |title=Decreto legislativo Nº 23, de 2015 |publisher=[[Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meioemensagem.com.br/home/midia/noticias/2012/01/30/RedeTV-se-isenta-de-dividas-da-Manchete.html |title=RedeTV se isenta de dívidas da Manchete |date=January 30, 2012 |publisher=Meio&Mensagem |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref>
Bloch Som e Imagem, a company created to produce programs for Rede Manchete, the bankrupt estate of TV Manchete Ltda., legal name of Rede Manchete, and the concession of Radio Manchete, granted for the Rádio Federal Ltda. EPP, are still owned by the Grupo Bloch, managed by Pedro Jack Kapeller, the nephew of Adolpho Bloch and heir to his uncle's companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dgabc.com.br/Noticia/153163/bloch-pode-voltar-a-produzir-programas-mesmo-sem-emissora |title=Bloch pode voltar a produzir programas mesmo sem emissora |date=May 20, 1999 |publisher=Diário do Grande ABC |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://convergecom.com.br/telaviva/paytv/10/05/1999/conheca-melhor-o-grupo-que-comprou-a-manchete/ |title=Conheça melhor o grupo que comprou a Manchete |date=May 10, 1999 |publisher=Tela Viva |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222133443/http://convergecom.com.br/telaviva/paytv/10/05/1999/conheca-melhor-o-grupo-que-comprou-a-manchete/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/decleg/2015/decretolegislativo-23-7-janeiro-2015-779958-publicacaooriginal-145860-pl.html |title=Decreto legislativo Nº 23, de 2015 |publisher=[[Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil]] |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meioemensagem.com.br/home/midia/noticias/2012/01/30/RedeTV-se-isenta-de-dividas-da-Manchete.html |title=RedeTV se isenta de dívidas da Manchete |date=January 30, 2012 |publisher=Meio&Mensagem |access-date=December 19, 2015 |language=Portuguese}}</ref>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Line 44: Line 45:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{Reflist|3}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000622041603/http://www.bloch.com.br/ |date=June 22, 2000 |title=Official website }}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000622041603/http://www.bloch.com.br/|date=June 22, 2000|title=Official website}}


[[Category:Media companies established in 1922]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1922]]
[[Category:Media companies of Brazil]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of Brazil]]
[[Category:Media companies disestablished in 2000]]
[[Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 2000]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:2000 disestablishments in Brazil]]

Latest revision as of 10:15, 26 June 2024

Gráficos Bloch S.A.
Grupo Bloch
Company typeSociedade anônima
IndustryMass media
Founded1922; 102 years ago (1922) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
FounderAdolpho Bloch
Defunct2000; 24 years ago (2000)
OwnerPedro Jack Kapeller
Subsidiaries
  • Bloch Som e Imagem
  • Rádio Manchete

Grupo Bloch, also known as Empresas Bloch, was a Brazilian media conglomerate, founded by Ukrainian businessman Adolpho Bloch's family after their arrival in Rio de Janeiro in 1922, when they created Joseph Bloch & Filhos company.[1][2] The company, which published pamphlets and other printed material, also started to print magazines.[1] Thus, in 1953, the company launched Manchete magazine.[1][3] With its successful launch, the publishing division of Bloch Editores was established.[1]

The group owned various Brazilian communication companies. At the end of the 1970s, the company funded the Rádio Manchete, a medium wave (AM) radio station as well as Manchete FM radio network.[1] With the success of the radio stations, at the beginning of the 1980s the group entered the Brazilian government's competition to be one of the dealers of two television networks formed from the hunting concessions of the networks Tupi and Excelsior.[4][5] Grupo Bloch was one of the bid winners, along with Grupo Silvio Santos, and immediately launched the Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT).[4] The Rede Manchete, owned by Grupo Bloch, had already been launched in 1983.[1][3][5]

With millions in debt, the company had to sell Rede Manchete in 1992, but after the new owner, Hamilton Lucas de Oliveira, did not comply with the contract of sale, Grupo Bloch regained ownership of the network.[1][6][7] Still accumulating debts, the company had to get rid of the television business in 1999, selling concessions for five owned-and-operated stations of Manchete to the Grupo TeleTV owners, Amilcare Dallevo Jr. and Marcelo de Carvalho, who launched a new network called RedeTV! to replace Rede Manchete.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

Bloch Editores filed for bankruptcy in 1999, and was closed in 2000.[13][14][15][16] The company portfolio of magazines was sold to Manchete Editora, founded in 2002 by Mark Dvoskin.[17][18] The radio stations of the Manchete FM network were sold to Grupo Sol Panamby, to politician Orestes Quércia, who turned it into Nova Brasil FM network owned-and-operated stations, with the exception of the station in Rio de Janeiro, which transmits the radio network Feliz FM.[19][20] The São Paulo station was later sold to the Grupo RBS, which soon after sold it to Paulo Henrique Cardoso, the son of former president of the republic Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Since 2010 it has broadcast the programming of Rádio Disney on the old Manchete FM frequency.[21][22][23][24][25] The only remaining media group company, Rádio Manchete, ended its activities at the end of 2015, remaining on the air over the Internet through streaming media.[26] The archives of magazines and television, as well as group-owned properties, were sold to pay the debts of their companies.[27][28][29]

Bloch Som e Imagem, a company created to produce programs for Rede Manchete, the bankrupt estate of TV Manchete Ltda., legal name of Rede Manchete, and the concession of Radio Manchete, granted for the Rádio Federal Ltda. EPP, are still owned by the Grupo Bloch, managed by Pedro Jack Kapeller, the nephew of Adolpho Bloch and heir to his uncle's companies.[30][31][32][33]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Aconteceu na Manchete: Histórias que Ninguém Contou (in Portuguese). Desiderata. 2008. p. 432. ISBN 9788599070703.
  • Bloch, Arnaldo (2008). Os Irmãos Karamabloch: Acensão e Queda de um Império Familiar (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 339. ISBN 9788535913323.
  • Francfort, Elmo (2008). Rede Manchete: Aconteceu Virou História (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Imprensa Oficial do Estado de São Paulo. p. 424. ISBN 9788570605894.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Renan Milanez Vieira. "Rede Manchete: um estudo de caso" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  2. ^ Carlos Heitor Cony (September 14, 2012). "Memórias de um sobrevivente". Ilustrada (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  3. ^ a b Roberto Muggiati (July 31, 2008). "Uma tragédia sem manchete". Opinião (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Escolhidas grupos das novas TVs". Banco de Dados Folha (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. March 20, 1981. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  5. ^ a b Ricardo Xavier. "TV Manchete" (in Portuguese). Pró TV. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  6. ^ "Auditoria mostra que banco favoreceu o grupo Bloch". Brasil (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. April 18, 1995. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  7. ^ a b Thell de Castro (January 25, 2015). "Em 1993, greve tirou Manchete do ar em SP e virou notícia na Globo". Notícias da TV (in Portuguese). UOL. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  8. ^ Aline Sordili (May 22, 1999). "Nova TV Manchete estréia em agosto com outro nome". Ilustrada (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  9. ^ Erica Benute (August 9, 1999). "O dono da Rede TV!". ISTOÉ Gente (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  10. ^ José Roberto Caetano (June 2, 1999). "Aconteceu, virou Manchete". Exame (in Portuguese). Abril.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  11. ^ Carla França (November 14, 1999). "Rede TV! estréia programação" (in Portuguese). Folha da Região. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  12. ^ "TeleTV compra Rede Manchete por US$608 milhoes" (in Portuguese). Diário do Grande ABC. May 9, 1999. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  13. ^ "Bloch Editores pede concordata no Rio". Mercado (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. July 27, 1999. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  14. ^ "Justiça do Rio aceita pedido de concordata da Bloch Editores". Mercado (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. September 9, 1999. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  15. ^ "Bloch Editores pede a autofalência para evitar fechamento". Mercado (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. August 2, 2000. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  16. ^ Cristian Klein (March 20, 2001). "Justiça do Rio confisca obras da Bloch Editores". Ilustrada (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved December 19, 2015. [...] Eles pertencem à Bloch Editores, empresa cuja falência foi decretada em 1º de agosto do ano passado. [...]
  17. ^ Leandro Rodrigues. "De volta às bancas". Portal da Comunicação (in Portuguese). UOL. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  18. ^ "Quem somos" (in Portuguese). Pais&Filhos. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  19. ^ Daniel Starck (January 27, 2015). "Exclusivo: Feliz FM vai substituir a Rádio Globo em 89.5 FM no Rio de Janeiro" (in Portuguese). Tudo Rádio. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  20. ^ Daniel Starck (January 29, 2015). "Panorama: Feliz FM de São Paulo anuncia emissora no Rio de Janeiro e estréia deve movimentar o FM carioca" (in Portuguese). Tudo Rádio. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  21. ^ Alisson Avila (June 7, 2007). "RBS compra rádio FM em São Paulo" (in Portuguese). Acervo Orestes Quércia. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  22. ^ Mayra Maldjian (November 16, 2010). "Rádio Disney estreia no Brasil e investe na interação com o público jovem". Folhateen (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  23. ^ Pedro Marcondes de Moura (November 18, 2011). "O esquema suspeito de PHC & Disney". ISTOÉ (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  24. ^ "Ministério investiga rádio Disney, de filho de FHC". Política (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. November 15, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  25. ^ Carlos Massaro (December 3, 2011). "Rádio Disney comemora seu primeiro ano na capital paulista" (in Portuguese). Tudo Rádio. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  26. ^ Carlos Massaro (November 13, 2015). "Rádio Manchete deixa o AM do Rio de Janeiro" (in Portuguese). Tudo Rádio. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  27. ^ Marcelo Bortoloti (August 4, 2002). "Acervo da Manchete está se perdendo". TV Folha (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  28. ^ Agência Estado (September 12, 2009). "Acervo da Bloch Editores será leiloado no RJ". Geral (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  29. ^ "Rio: TJ confirma leilão do prédio da Manchete, de R$ 41,7 mi" (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. May 11, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  30. ^ "Bloch pode voltar a produzir programas mesmo sem emissora" (in Portuguese). Diário do Grande ABC. May 20, 1999. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  31. ^ "Conheça melhor o grupo que comprou a Manchete" (in Portuguese). Tela Viva. May 10, 1999. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  32. ^ "Decreto legislativo Nº 23, de 2015" (in Portuguese). Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  33. ^ "RedeTV se isenta de dívidas da Manchete" (in Portuguese). Meio&Mensagem. January 30, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
[edit]
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