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{{Use British English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2018}}
'''Augustine Steward''' (1491 – 1571), of [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]], was an English politician.
'''Augustine Steward''' (1491 – 1571), of [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]], was an English politician.

==Family==
⚫
Augustine Steward was born and baptised in the parish of St. George’s Tombland, Norwich, the son of Jeffrey Steward (d.1504), an Alderman of Norwich and his wife Cecily, daughter of Augustine Boys, an [[armiger]]. This family can be traced back to the Stewards (Stewarts) of Scotland. Augustine married twice: (1) before 1548, Alice, daughter of Henry Repps, Esq., of [[Heveningham]], by who he had three daughters. He married (2) Elizabeth, daughter of William Rede, Esq., of Beccles Manor, Suffolk (he died 1552), by whom he had six daughters and two sons, all of whom appear to have married well.<ref>Lauder-Frost, Gregory, F.S.A.Scot., "East Anglian Stewarts" in The Scottish Genealogist, Dec.2004, vol.LI, no.4., pps:151-161. ISSN 0330-337X</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Steward was a [[Mercer (occupation)|mercer]] and an [[armiger]].<ref>''The Visitation of Norfolk 1563'' by William Hervey, Clarenceux King of Arms, edited by the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, F.S.A., Norfolk, 1878, p.19.</ref> He was admitted a Freeman of the City of Norwich on 12 March, 1516 and after serving for some years on the common council was elected an alderman in 1526, a position he was to retain until his death. He became the government’s leading supporter in Norwich, and his "good services" to the King earned him the praise of the Duke of Norfolk and of Sir Roger Townshend who commended him to [[Richard Cromwell]]. Steward’s standing with these magnates made him a valuable agent in the city’s efforts to benefit from the Reformation. He was Mayor of Norwich in 1534-35, 1546-47 and 1556-57. It was during his first mayoralty that negotiations were begun between the corporation and the cathedral authorities for a revision of Wolsey’s settlement of a longstanding dispute between them. Steward continued to pursue the matter, approaching Cromwell in May 1537 for his favour and later asking the minister to reverse Wolsey’s judgment placing the cathedral outside the city’s jurisdiction. Early in 1539 he was one of the attorneys appointed to argue the case before the King, and on 6 April [[Letters Patent]] were granted in the city’s favour. In the meantime he had also become the moving spirit in the attempt to anticipate the dissolution of the house of the [[Black Friars]] by acquiring it for the city. In 1538 he and his kinsman Edward Rede, after consultation with the Duke, asked Cromwell for his assistance to this end, and when the house was suppressed it was granted to the city on 1 June 1540, Steward himself paying the £81 required. During [[Kett's Rebellion|Kett's rebellion]] Steward was made acting Mayor after the insurgents had taken the Mayor prisoner. As one of the richest citizens he had much at stake and it must have been with relief that on the [[Marquess of Northampton]]’s arrival he presented the city’s sword and entertained the Marquess to dinner. But Northampton quickly withdrew, and when the rebels entered Norwich they forced their way into his house, ‘took him, plucked his gown beside his back, called him a traitor and threatened to kill him’, and then ransacked the house. On the approach of the [[Earl of Warwick]] the rebels sent Steward and Robert Rugge to negotiate on their behalf, but on being taken to Warwick the two revealed to him how his troops could retake the city. Despite his harrowing experience and a rebuke from Warwick for pusillanimity, Steward retained his standing in Norwich and was regularly in office for a further 15 years.He attended his last meeting of the Norwich assembly early in 1571, but he was replaced as one of the aldermen in April of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/steward-augustine-1491-1571|title=STEWARD, Augustine (1491-1571), of Norwich, Norf. &#124; History of Parliament Online}}</ref>
Steward was a [[Mercer (occupation)|mercer]] and an [[armiger]].<ref>''The Visitation of Norfolk 1563'' by William Hervey, Clarenceux King of Arms, edited by the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, F.S.A., Norfolk, 1878, p.19.</ref> He was admitted a Freeman of the City of Norwich on 12 March, 1516 and after serving for some years on the common council was elected an alderman in 1526, a position he was to retain until his death. He became the government’s leading supporter in Norwich, and his "good services" to the King earned him the praise of the Duke of Norfolk and of Sir Roger Townshend who commended him to [[Thomas Cromwell]]. Steward’s standing with these magnates made him a valuable agent in the city’s efforts to benefit from the Reformation.
He was Mayor of Norwich in 1534-35, 1546-47 and 1556-57. It was during his first mayoralty that negotiations were begun between the corporation and the cathedral authorities for a revision of Wolsey’s settlement of a longstanding dispute between them. Steward continued to pursue the matter, approaching Cromwell in May 1537 for his favour and later asking the minister to reverse Wolsey’s judgment placing the cathedral outside the city’s jurisdiction. Early in 1539 he was one of the attorneys appointed to argue the case before the King, and on 6 April [[Letters Patent]] were granted in the city’s favour. In the meantime he had also become the moving spirit in the attempt to anticipate the dissolution of the house of the [[Black Friars]] by acquiring it for the city. In 1538 he and his kinsman Edward Rede, after consultation with the Duke, asked Cromwell for his assistance to this end, and when the house was suppressed it was granted to the city on 1 June 1540, Steward himself paying the £81 required.
During [[Kett's Rebellion|Kett's rebellion]] Steward was made acting Mayor after the insurgents had taken the Mayor prisoner. As one of the richest citizens he had much at stake and it must have been with relief that on the [[Marquess of Northampton]]’s arrival he presented the city’s sword and entertained the Marquess to dinner. But Northampton quickly withdrew, and when the rebels entered Norwich they forced their way into his house, ‘took him, plucked his gown beside his back, called him a traitor and threatened to kill him’, and then ransacked the house. On the approach of the [[Earl of Warwick]] the rebels sent Steward and Robert Rugge to negotiate on their behalf, but on being taken to Warwick the two revealed to him how his troops could retake the city. Despite his harrowing experience and a rebuke from Warwick for pusillanimity, Steward retained his standing in Norwich and was regularly in office for a further 15 years. He attended his last meeting of the Norwich assembly early in 1571, but he was replaced as one of the aldermen in April of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/steward-augustine-1491-1571|title=STEWARD, Augustine (1491-1571), of Norwich, Norf. &#124; History of Parliament Online}}</ref>


Steward was a [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] in 1539 and 1547.
Steward was a [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] in 1539 and 1547.
Line 21: Line 22:
Augustine Steward died in 1571 and was buried with his two wives within St. Peter's Church, Hungate, Norwich. His Will was proved in November.<ref>Lauder-Frost, 2004, p.159.</ref>
Augustine Steward died in 1571 and was buried with his two wives within St. Peter's Church, Hungate, Norwich. His Will was proved in November.<ref>Lauder-Frost, 2004, p.159.</ref>


==Children==
==Family==
Augustine Steward was born and baptised in the parish of St. George’s Tombland, Norwich, the son of Jeffrey Steward (d.1504), an Alderman of Norwich and his wife Cecily, daughter of Augustine Boys, an [[armiger]].


Augustine married twice:
⚫
Augustine Steward had one son and two daughters by Alice Repps, his first wife, the widow of John Everard of Newton, Edward Steward, Faythe Steward and Elizabeth Steward.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Rye|first1=Walter|url=https://archive.org/details/visitacionievisi32ryew/page/230/mode/2up|title=The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made|last2=Hervey|first2=William|last3=Cooke|first3=Clarenceux|last4=Raven|first4=John|others=Family History Library}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Rye|first1=Walter|url=https://archive.org/details/visitacionievisi32ryew/page/268/mode/2up|title=The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made|last2=Hervey|first2=William|last3=Cooke|first3=Clarenceux|last4=Raven|first4=John|others=Family History Library}}</ref>
*(1) before 1548, Alice, daughter of Henry Repps, Esq., of [[Heveningham]], by who he had three daughters.
⚫
*(2) Elizabeth, daughter of William Rede, Esq., of Beccles Manor, Suffolk (he died 1552), by whom he had six daughters and two sons, all of whom appear to have married well.<ref>Lauder-Frost, Gregory, F.S.A.Scot., "East Anglian Stewarts" in The Scottish Genealogist, Dec.2004, vol.LI, no.4., pps:151-161. ISSN 0300-337X</ref>


⚫
Augustine Steward had one son and two daughters by Alice Repps, his first wife, the widow of John Everard of Newton.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Rye|first1=Walter|url=https://archive.org/details/visitacionievisi32ryew/page/230/mode/2up|title=The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made|last2=Hervey|first2=William|last3=Cooke|first3=Clarenceux|last4=Raven|first4=John|others=Family History Library}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Rye|first1=Walter|url=https://archive.org/details/visitacionievisi32ryew/page/268/mode/2up|title=The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made|last2=Hervey|first2=William|last3=Cooke|first3=Clarenceux|last4=Raven|first4=John|others=Family History Library}}</ref>
*Edward Steward
*Faythe Steward
*Elizabeth Steward


Children of Augustine Steward and Elizabeth Rede, his second wife:<ref name=":1" />
Children of Augustine Steward and Elizabeth Rede, his second wife:<ref name=":1" />
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[[Category:1491 births]]
[[Category:1491 births]]
[[Category:1571 deaths]]
[[Category:1571 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Norwich]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of England for Norwich]]
[[Category:Mayors of Norwich]]
[[Category:Mayors of Norwich]]
[[Category:English MPs 1539–1540]]
[[Category:English MPs 1539–1540]]

Revision as of 15:45, 26 June 2024

Augustine Steward (1491 – 1571), of Norwich, Norfolk, was an English politician.

Career

Steward was a mercer and an armiger.[1] He was admitted a Freeman of the City of Norwich on 12 March, 1516 and after serving for some years on the common council was elected an alderman in 1526, a position he was to retain until his death. He became the government’s leading supporter in Norwich, and his "good services" to the King earned him the praise of the Duke of Norfolk and of Sir Roger Townshend who commended him to Thomas Cromwell. Steward’s standing with these magnates made him a valuable agent in the city’s efforts to benefit from the Reformation.

He was Mayor of Norwich in 1534-35, 1546-47 and 1556-57. It was during his first mayoralty that negotiations were begun between the corporation and the cathedral authorities for a revision of Wolsey’s settlement of a longstanding dispute between them. Steward continued to pursue the matter, approaching Cromwell in May 1537 for his favour and later asking the minister to reverse Wolsey’s judgment placing the cathedral outside the city’s jurisdiction. Early in 1539 he was one of the attorneys appointed to argue the case before the King, and on 6 April Letters Patent were granted in the city’s favour. In the meantime he had also become the moving spirit in the attempt to anticipate the dissolution of the house of the Black Friars by acquiring it for the city. In 1538 he and his kinsman Edward Rede, after consultation with the Duke, asked Cromwell for his assistance to this end, and when the house was suppressed it was granted to the city on 1 June 1540, Steward himself paying the £81 required.

During Kett's rebellion Steward was made acting Mayor after the insurgents had taken the Mayor prisoner. As one of the richest citizens he had much at stake and it must have been with relief that on the Marquess of Northampton’s arrival he presented the city’s sword and entertained the Marquess to dinner. But Northampton quickly withdrew, and when the rebels entered Norwich they forced their way into his house, ‘took him, plucked his gown beside his back, called him a traitor and threatened to kill him’, and then ransacked the house. On the approach of the Earl of Warwick the rebels sent Steward and Robert Rugge to negotiate on their behalf, but on being taken to Warwick the two revealed to him how his troops could retake the city. Despite his harrowing experience and a rebuke from Warwick for pusillanimity, Steward retained his standing in Norwich and was regularly in office for a further 15 years. He attended his last meeting of the Norwich assembly early in 1571, but he was replaced as one of the aldermen in April of that year.[2]

Steward was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich in 1539 and 1547. Little has come to light about the commercial activity which yielded Steward his considerable wealth, but there is a reference to a venture of about 1530 in which, with his father-in-law Reginald Lytilprowe and others, he had a factor at Danzig to freight a ship to a value of 800 marks for a voyage to Great Yarmouth. Part of his profits went into Norfolk land: in 1530 he bought the manor of Welborne, and in 1548 the manor of Barton Buryhall, which 12 years later he settled on his son-in-law Robert Wood. [3]

House

Steward lived in a house on Tombland, opposite Norwich Cathedral.[4]

Death

Augustine Steward died in 1571 and was buried with his two wives within St. Peter's Church, Hungate, Norwich. His Will was proved in November.[5]

Family

Augustine Steward was born and baptised in the parish of St. George’s Tombland, Norwich, the son of Jeffrey Steward (d.1504), an Alderman of Norwich and his wife Cecily, daughter of Augustine Boys, an armiger.

Augustine married twice:

  • (1) before 1548, Alice, daughter of Henry Repps, Esq., of Heveningham, by who he had three daughters.
  • (2) Elizabeth, daughter of William Rede, Esq., of Beccles Manor, Suffolk (he died 1552), by whom he had six daughters and two sons, all of whom appear to have married well.[6]

Augustine Steward had one son and two daughters by Alice Repps, his first wife, the widow of John Everard of Newton.[7][8]

  • Edward Steward
  • Faythe Steward
  • Elizabeth Steward

Children of Augustine Steward and Elizabeth Rede, his second wife:[8]

  • William Steward of Goldthorpe in Swardeston, Norfolk m. 1) Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Jenny of Cressingham, Norfolk, knight; 2) Grissell, daughter of Thomas Edon of Sudbury[8]
    • Children of William Steward and Elizabeth Jenny, first marriage:[8]
      • Augustine Steward[8]
      • Elizabeth,[8] m. Richard Aldrich of Mangreene and had Thomas, Augustine Aldrich, Mercer of London, Richard, Christian, Anne and Mary[9]
    • Children of William Steward and Grissell Edon, second marriage:[8]
      • Thomas Steward of Swardeston in Norfolk who m. Mary, daughter of Henry, Lord Grey of Groby, Leicester, and had Henry, Mary, Anne and Elizabeth[8]
      • Henry, ob. s.p.[8]
      • Edward, who m. Anne, daughter of Gilbert Havers of Norfolk, and had William, Thomas, Edward, Francis, Charles, Gilbert, George who died s.p., and Augustin[8]
      • Anne, wife of John Buxston of Dickleborough[8]
      • Mary[8]
  • Thomas Steward[8]
  • Elizabeth Steward, who m. Thomas Sotherton (by 1525 – 1583) of Norwich, gentleman, son of Nicholas Sotherton (d.1540) in Suffolk,[8] and had four sons and four daughters.[10]
  • Cycelle Steward, who m. John Pickerell and had John Pickerell and Susan[11]
  • Anne Steward, who m. Sir Robert Wood, Mayor of Norwich, gentleman, and had Edmond Wood, Robert Wood and Elizabeth[12][11]
  • Mary Steward, who m. John Sotherton of Norwich, gentleman, the son of Nicholas Sotherton (d.1540), grocer, alderman and Mayor of Norwich, and had Mary Sotherton, John Sotherton, Thomas Sotherton and Anne Sotherton.[10][8] Her sister Elizabeth was married to his brother Thomas, a double marriage between the families.
  • Barbara Steward, who m. Christopher Layer of Norwich, gentleman, and had Augustine Layer, Elizabeth Layer,[11] and Christopher Layer, who married Elizabeth, daughter of William Rugge (d.1616) of Felmingham in Norfolk, of the same Rugge family as the Bishop, and had William, Francis, Christopher who ob. s.p., Anne and Elizabeth[13]
  • Katherine Steward[11]


References

  1. ^ The Visitation of Norfolk 1563 by William Hervey, Clarenceux King of Arms, edited by the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, F.S.A., Norfolk, 1878, p.19.
  2. ^ "STEWARD, Augustine (1491-1571), of Norwich, Norf. | History of Parliament Online".
  3. ^ "STEWARD, Augustine (1491-1571), of Norwich, Norf. - History of Parliament Online". Historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  4. ^ "Augustine Steward". Heritagecity.org. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  5. ^ Lauder-Frost, 2004, p.159.
  6. ^ Lauder-Frost, Gregory, F.S.A.Scot., "East Anglian Stewarts" in The Scottish Genealogist, Dec.2004, vol.LI, no.4., pps:151-161. ISSN 0300-337X
  7. ^ Rye, Walter; Hervey, William; Cooke, Clarenceux; Raven, John. The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made. Family History Library.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Rye, Walter; Hervey, William; Cooke, Clarenceux; Raven, John. The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made. Family History Library.
  9. ^ Rye, Walter; Hervey, William; Cooke, Clarenceux; Raven, John. The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made. Family History Library.
  10. ^ a b "SOTHERTON, Thomas (by 1525-83), of Norwich, Norf. - History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.
  11. ^ a b c d Rye, Walter; Hervey, William; Cooke, Clarenceux; Raven, John. The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made. Family History Library.
  12. ^ "Hundred of Humble-Yard: Braconash | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  13. ^ Rye, Walter; Hervey, William; Cooke, Clarenceux; Raven, John. The visitacion [i.e., visitation] of Norfolk, made and taken by William Hervey, Clarencieux King of Arms, anno 1563, enlarged with another visitacion [sic] made by Clarenceux Cook : with many other descents, and also the vissitation [sic] made. Family History Library.
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