1949 in poetry: Difference between revisions

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Links to nations or nationalities point to articles with information on that nation's poetry or literature. For example, United Kingdom links to English poetry and Indian links to Indian poetry.

Events

January 19 - Starting this year, and continuing to at least 2009, an anonymous black-clad person, who enters popular lore as the Poe Toaster, appears in Baltimore at the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground tomb of American poet Edgar Allan Poe early on the morning of Poe's birthday. The man toasts Poe with Cognac and leaves three red roses at the grave (along with the remainder of the Cognac).^[1]
February 19 - American poet Ezra Pound, at this time incarcerated in a psychiatric institution, is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University provoking a storm of criticism because of his pro-Fascist activities before and during World War II.^[2]
March - Pablo Neruda flees Chile over the Lilpela Pass through the Andes to Argentina on horseback carrying a manuscript of his Canto General.
April 14 - Roy Campbell punches Stephen Spender on the nose at a poetry reading in London.^[3]
October - Publication begins in Italy of L'inferno di Topolino, a graphic parody of Dante's Inferno featuring Mickey Mouse with text and verse by Guido Martina.^[4]
Indonesian poet Chairil Anwar writes his last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Trees Are Sown Off Into the Distance"), prior to his death aged 26 on April 28.^[5]
Greek Communist poet Yannis Ritsos, incarcerated during the Communist–centrist/rightist struggle in the Greek Civil War, writes poems which will ultimately see publication twenty-six years later, in the 1975 book, Petrinos khronos.
George Hill Dillon, editor of the journal Poetry since 1937, relinquishes his post.
First issue of Caribbean Quarterly, the flagship journal on culture edited at the University of the West Indies, spotlights Caribbean poetry.^[6]

Works published in English

Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:

Canada

Raymond Knister, Collected Poems ed. Dorothy Livesay.^[7]
James Reaney, The Red Heart.^[7] Governor General's Award 1949.

India, in English

Sri Aurobindo, Chitrangada ( Poetry in English ), Bombay: Sri Aurobindo Circle,^[8]

New Zealand

Allen Curnow:
- The Axe, a verse play with a Pacific setting (Caxton)^[9]
- At Dead Low Water and Sonnets (Caxton)^[9]
Basil Dowling, Canterbury^[10]

United Kingdom

Dannie Abse, After Every Green Thing^[11]
Edward Andrade, Poems and Songs
Edmund Blunden, After the Bombing, and Other Short Poems
Roy Campbell, Collected Poems, Volume 1 (Volume 2 1957, Volume 3 (consisting of translations) 1960)^[11]
C. Day-Lewis, Collected Poems, published in March, although the book states "1948" (see also Collected Poems 1954)^[11]
William Empson, Collected Poems of William Empson^[12]
Roy Fuller, Epitaphs and Occasions^[11]
Robert Garioch Sutherland, writing under the name "Robert Garioch", Chuckles on the Cairn^[11]
W. S. Graham, The White Threshold
Geoffrey Grigson, editor, Poetry of the Present, anthology^[11]
Christopher Hassall, The Slow Night, and Other Poems 1940–8^[11]
James Kirkup, editor, Leeds University Poetry, including work by Kirkup, Wilfred Rowland Childe, Derrick Metcalfe, and Kenneth Muir (Hull: Lotus Press)^[13]
Louis MacNeice, Collected Poems 1925–48^[11]
Edwin Muir, The Labyrinth^[11]
Kathleen Raine, The Pythoness, and Other Poems^[11]
James Reeves, The Imprisoned Sea^[11]
Edith Sitwell, The Canticle of the Rose: Poems 1917–1949^[12]
Stephen Spender, The Edge of Being^[11]
W. B. Yeats (d. 1939), Poems, "The Definitive Edition", Irish poet published in the United Kingdom^[11]

United States

Conrad Aiken:
- The Divine Pilgrim^[14]
- Skylight One^[14]
Joseph Payne Brennan, Heart of Earth (Decker Press)
Gwendolyn Brooks, Annie Allen^[14]
John Ciardi, Live Another Day^[14]
Hilda Doolittle, writing under the pen name "H.D.", By Avon River^[14]
Kenneth Fearing, Stranger at Coney Island^[14]
Robert Frost, Complete Poems^[14]
Langston Hughes, One-Way Ticket^[14]
Kenneth Patchen:
- Red Wine & Yellow Hair^[14]
- To Say If You Love Someone^[14]
Ezra Pound, Selected Poems^[14]
Kenneth Rexroth:
- The Signature of All Things^[14]
- The Art of Worldly Wisdom", Prairie City, Illinois: Decker Press
Louis Simpson, The Arrivistes^[14]
Donald A. Stauffer, The Golden Nightingale: Essays on Some Principles of Poetry in the Lyrics of William Butler Yeats, New York: Macmillan, United States criticism^[15]
Peter Viereck, The Poet in the Machine Age
William Carlos Williams:
- Paterson, Book III^[14]
- Selected Poems^[14]

Other in English

Judith Wright, Woman to Man, Australian
W. B. Yeats (d. 1939), Poems, "The Definitive Edition", Irish poet published in the United Kingdom^[11]

Works published in other languages

France

Aimé Césaire, Corps perdu^[16]
Paul Éluard, pen name of Paul-Eugène Grindel, ''Une leçon de morale^[17]
Eugene Guilleveic, Gagner^[18]
Pierre Jean Jouve, Diadème^[18]
Henri Michaux, Poesie pour pouvoir, Paris: Drouin^[19]
Pierre Reverdy, Main d'oeuvre: 1913–1949^[18]
Claude Roy, Le Poète mineur^[17]
Jules Supervielle, Oublieuse Mémoire^[18]
Tristan Tzara, pen name of Sami Rosenstock, Phases^[18]

India

In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:

Marathi

C. V. Karandikar, also known as Vinda Karandikar, Svedaganga, India, Marathi-language^[20]
Manmohan, Yugayugance Sahapravasi, Indian, Marathi-language (later translated into Hindi under the title Marsal ki Salami)^[20]
K. B. Nikumb, Ujjvala, Indian, Marathi-language^[20]
Sarachchandra Muktibodh, Navi Malavat Indian, Marathi-language^[20]
Shrikrishna Powale, Jala Mati, Indian, Marathi-language^[20]

Other languages of the Indian subcontinent

Chittadhar Hridaya, Sugata Saurabha, a Buddhist epic, written in Nepal Bhasa, mostly in prison 1941-46, published in India
Masood Husain, Urdu zaban aur adab, a history, written in Urdu of that language and its literature^[20]
Nilakantha Shastri, translator, Sri Rama Carita, translation into Sanskrit of the Tamil-language Kamba Ramayana^[20]
Pritam Singh Safir, Rakt Bundam, Indian, Punjabi-language^[20]
S. Lalita, translator, Valarmati, translation into Tamil from the Indian poetry in English of Rabindranath Tagore's The Crescent Moon^[20]
Sitaramaiah Kuruganti, Navyandhra Sahitya Vidhulu, a four-volume history in Telugu of that language's literature^[20]
Umar Alisha, translator, Umar Khayyam, translation into Telugu from the Persian of Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyats^[20]

Other languages

Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:

Alfonso Calderón, Primer Consejo a los Arcangeles del Viento ("First Advice to the Archangels of the Wind"), Spanish-language, Chile^[21]
Haim Gouri, Pirhei Esh ("Flowers of Fire, Years of Fire"), Israeli writing in Hebrew^[22]
Eric Knudsen, Blomsten og sværdet ("The Flower and the Sword"), Denmark^[23]
Alexander Mezhirov, Новые встречи ("New Encounters"), including "Communists, Ahead!", Russia^[24]
Máirtín Ó Direáin, Rogha Dánta, Irish poet writing in Irish
Carlos de Oliveira, Descida aos Infernos
Nizar Qabbani, Samba, Syrian poet writing in Arabic

Awards and honors

Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called "Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress"): Elizabeth Bishop appointed this year.
Pulitzer Prize for poetry: Peter Viereck, Terror and Decorum
Bollingen Prize: Ezra Pound
Canada: Governor General's Award, poetry or drama: The Red Heart, James Reaney^[25]

Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

January 2 – Jean Krier (died 2013), Luxembourger poet
January 6 – Carolyn D. Wright (died 2016), writing as C. D. Wright, American poet
January 25 – Tom Paulin, Northern Irish poet and critic of film, music and literature
January 27 – Bruce Weigl, American poet and academic
February – Agha Shahid Ali (died 2001), Indian-born English-language poet
February 6
- Victor Hernández Cruz, Puerto Rico-born American poet
- Eliot Weinberger, American essayist and principal translator of Octavio Paz into English
March 14 – Lynn Emanuel, American poet
April 1 – Gil Scott-Heron (died 2011), African-American poet, jazz/soul musician and author
April 13 – Marilyn Bowering, Canadian poet and novelist
April 25 – James Fenton, English journalist, poet, critic and academic
May 6 – Olga Broumas, Greek-born English-language poet in the United States
May 13 – Christopher Reid, Hong Kong-born English poet, essayist, cartoonist, writer and exponent of Martian poetry
May 15 – Alice Major, Scottish-born Canadian poet
June 21:
- John Agard, playwright, poet and children's writer from Guyana, who moves to England in 1977
- Jane Urquhart, Canadian poet and author
July 1 – Denis Johnson (died 2017), American writer
July 5 – Pier Giorgio di Cicco (died 2019), Italian-Canadian poet
July 24 – David St. John, American poet and academic
July 31 – Mark O'Brien (died 1999), American poet
August 1 – Jim Carroll (died 2009), American poet, author and punk musician^[26]
August 2 – Bei Dao (北島, literally "Northern Island"), pseudonym of Zhao Zhenkai, Chinese poet, the most notable representative of the Misty Poets, a group of Chinese poets who react against the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution
August 6 – Mary di Michele, Italian-born Canadian poet and writer
August 14 – Jaroslav Erik Frič (died 2019), Czech poet, musician, publisher and underground culture figure
September 11 – David Bottoms, American poet
September 29 – Gabriel Rosenstock, Irish poet.
November 21 – Liam Rector (died 2007), American poet, essayist and academic
December 9 – Eileen Myles, American poet
Also:
- Cathy Smith Bowers, American poet and teacher, North Carolina Poet Laureate, 2010–2012
- Barbara Ras, American poet

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

March 2 – Sarojini Naidu (born 1879), Indian writing Indian poetry in English and political activist
April 27 – Evan Morgan, 2nd Viscount Tredegar (born 1893), Welsh poet and occultist
April 28 – Chairil Anwar (born 1922), Indonesian poet
May 5 – Hideo Nagata 長田秀雄 (born 1885), Shōwa period Japanese poet, playwright and screenwriter (surname: Nagata)
May 6 – Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian poet, playwright and Nobel Laureate
June 15 – Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer, also known simply as "Ulloor" (born 1877), Indian, Malayalam-language poet, scholar and government official who published a five-volume history of Malayalam literature^[27]
July 18 – Alice Corbin Henderson (born 1881), American poet
July 25 – Lilian Bowes Lyon (born 1895), English poet
September 9 – Fredegond Shove (born 1889), English poet
December 28 – Hervey Allen (born 1889), American novelist and poet
Joseph Lee (born 1876), Scottish war poet, artist and journalist

Notes

^ Kennedy, Randy, "Edgar 'Poe Toaster' Is a No-Show", January 19, 2010, "Arts Beat" column, p C2, The New York Times, retrieved same day.
^ Ackroyd, Peter (1980). "Chronology". Ezra Pound. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. p. 118.
^ Sutherland, John; Fender, Stephen (2010). "14 April". Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature (2011 ed.). London: Icon Books. ISBN 978-184831-247-0.
^ Brambilla, Alberto (2013-10-30). "Le origini de "L'Inferno di Topolino"? In un diario scolastico". Fumetto Logica. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
^ Balfas, Muhammad (1976). "Modern Indonesian Literature in Brief". In Brakel, L. F. (ed.). Handbuch der Orientalistik [Handbook of Orientalistics]. Vol. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. p. 79. ISBN 978-90-04-04331-2.
^ "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry" in Williams, Emily Allen, Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography, page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 978-0-313-31747-7, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009
^ ^a ^b Gustafson, Ralph, The Penguin Book of Canadian Verse, revised edition, 1967, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books
^ Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 313, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), ISBN 81-260-1196-3, retrieved August 6, 2010
^ ^a ^b Allen Curnow Web page at the New Zealand Book Council website, accessed April 21, 2008
^ Web page titled "Ursula Bethall" in An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 website, accessed April 21, 2008
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
^ ^a ^b Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, editors, The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, W. W. Norton & Company, 1973, ISBN 0-393-09357-3
^ "James Kirkup" Archived March 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Leeds University Library website, retrieved November 30, 2008
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." — from the Preface, p vi)
^ Untitled review by A. Norman Jeffares, of book in The Review of English Studies, New Series, Vol. 2, No. 7 (Jul., 1951), pp. 291-293
^ Rees, William, The Penguin book of French poetry: 1820-1950, p 810, Penguin, 1992, ISBN 978-0-14-042385-3
^ ^a ^b Bree, Germaine, Twentieth-Century French Literature, translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Auster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 ISBN 0-394-52197-8
^ Rigaud-Drayton, Margaret, Henri Michaux: Poetry, Painting and the Universal Sign, Bibliography, p 165, Oxford University Press, 2005, retrieved via Google Books on August 10, 2009
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008
^ "Chile National Literature Prize Winner Alfonso Calderon Dies", obituary, August 8, 2009, Latin American Herald Tribune, retrieved September 4, 2009. Archived 2009-09-06.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-10-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Web page titled "Haim Gouri" at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature Web site, accessed October 6, 2007
^ "Danish Poetry" article, pp 273, in Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993. New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications
^ Shrayer, Maxim, "Aleksandr Mezhirov", p 879, An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry, publisher: M.E. Sharpe, 2007, ISBN 0-7656-0521-X, ISBN 978-0-7656-0521-4, retrieved via Google Books on May 27, 2009
^ "Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011. http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf
^ Grimes, William (13 September 2009). "Jim Carroll, Poet and Punk Rocker, Is Dead at 60". The New York Times.
^ Paniker, Ayyappa, "Modern Malayalam Literature" chapter in George, K. M., editor, ' 'Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology' ', pp 231–255, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, retrieved January 10, 2009.

[1] Kennedy, Randy, "Edgar 'Poe Toaster' Is a No-Show", January 19, 2010, "Arts Beat" column, p C2, The New York Times, retrieved same day.

[2] Ackroyd, Peter (1980). "Chronology". Ezra Pound. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. p. 118.

[3] Sutherland, John; Fender, Stephen (2010). "14 April". Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature (2011 ed.). London: Icon Books. ISBN 978-184831-247-0.

[4] Brambilla, Alberto (2013-10-30). "Le origini de "L'Inferno di Topolino"? In un diario scolastico". Fumetto Logica. Retrieved 2021-10-15.

[5] Balfas, Muhammad (1976). "Modern Indonesian Literature in Brief". In Brakel, L. F. (ed.). Handbuch der Orientalistik [Handbook of Orientalistics]. Vol. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. p. 79. ISBN 978-90-04-04331-2.

[6] "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry" in Williams, Emily Allen, Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography, page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 978-0-313-31747-7, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009

[rgpbcv-7] Gustafson, Ralph, The Penguin Book of Canadian Verse, revised edition, 1967, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books

[8] Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 313, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), ISBN 81-260-1196-3, retrieved August 6, 2010

[nzbc-9] Allen Curnow Web page at the New Zealand Book Council website, accessed April 21, 2008

[10] Web page titled "Ursula Bethall" in An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 website, accessed April 21, 2008

[cocel-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.

[renamp73-12] Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, editors, The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, W. W. Norton & Company, 1973, ISBN 0-393-09357-3

[13] "James Kirkup" Archived March 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Leeds University Library website, retrieved November 30, 2008

[rmlaal-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." — from the Preface, p vi)

[15] Untitled review by A. Norman Jeffares, of book in The Review of English Studies, New Series, Vol. 2, No. 7 (Jul., 1951), pp. 291-293

[16] Rees, William, The Penguin book of French poetry: 1820-1950, p 810, Penguin, 1992, ISBN 978-0-14-042385-3

[gbtcfl-17] Bree, Germaine, Twentieth-Century French Literature, translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983

[pa20cfv-18] Auster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 ISBN 0-394-52197-8

[19] Rigaud-Drayton, Margaret, Henri Michaux: Poetry, Painting and the Universal Sign, Bibliography, p 165, Oxford University Press, 2005, retrieved via Google Books on August 10, 2009

[skdhil-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008

[21] "Chile National Literature Prize Winner Alfonso Calderon Dies", obituary, August 8, 2009, Latin American Herald Tribune, retrieved September 4, 2009. Archived 2009-09-06.

[22] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-10-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Web page titled "Haim Gouri" at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature Web site, accessed October 6, 2007

[apnpe-23] "Danish Poetry" article, pp 273, in Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993. New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications

[msajrl-24] Shrayer, Maxim, "Aleksandr Mezhirov", p 879, An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry, publisher: M.E. Sharpe, 2007, ISBN 0-7656-0521-X, ISBN 978-0-7656-0521-4, retrieved via Google Books on May 27, 2009

[25] "Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011. http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf

[26] Grimes, William (13 September 2009). "Jim Carroll, Poet and Punk Rocker, Is Dead at 60". The New York Times.

[apmila-27] Paniker, Ayyappa, "Modern Malayalam Literature" chapter in George, K. M., editor, ' 'Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology' ', pp 231–255, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, retrieved January 10, 2009.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Overview of the events of 1949 in poetry}}
+{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
 {{Year nav topic5|1949|poetry|literature}}
 Links to nations or nationalities point to articles with information on that nation's poetry or literature.  For example, [[English poetry|United Kingdom]] links to [[English poetry]] and [[Indian poetry|Indian]] links to [[Indian poetry]].
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==Events==
 * January 19 - Starting this year, and continuing to at least [[2009 in poetry|2009]], an anonymous black-clad person, who enters popular lore as the [[Poe Toaster]], appears in [[Baltimore]] at the [[Westminster Hall and Burying Ground]] tomb of [[American poetry|American]] poet [[Edgar Allan Poe]] early on the morning of Poe's birthday.  The man toasts Poe with Cognac and leaves three red roses at the grave (along with the remainder of the Cognac).<ref>Kennedy, Randy, [http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/19/poe-toaster-is-a-no-show/#more-68805 "Edgar 'Poe Toaster' Is a No-Show"], January 19, 2010, "Arts Beat" column, p C2, ''The New York Times'', retrieved same day.</ref>
-* February 19 - [[Ezra Pound]] is awarded the first [[Bollingen Prize|Bollingen Prize in poetry]] by the [[Bollingen Foundation]] and [[Yale University]] provoking a storm of criticism because of his pro-[[Fascism|Fascist]] activities before and during World War II.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Peter Ackroyd|last=Ackroyd|first=Peter|title=Ezra Pound|publisher=Thames and Hudson Ltd|location=London|year=1980|chapter=Chronology|page=118}}</ref>
+* February 19 - [[American poetry|American]] poet [[Ezra Pound]], at this time incarcerated in a psychiatric institution, is awarded the first [[Bollingen Prize|Bollingen Prize in poetry]] by the [[Bollingen Foundation]] and [[Yale University]] provoking a storm of criticism because of his pro-[[Fascism|Fascist]] activities before and during World War II.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Peter Ackroyd|last=Ackroyd|first=Peter|title=Ezra Pound|publisher=Thames and Hudson Ltd|location=London|year=1980|chapter=Chronology|page=118}}</ref>
 * March - [[Pablo Neruda]] flees [[Chile]] over the [[Lilpela Pass]] through the [[Andes]] to [[Argentina]] on horseback carrying a manuscript of his ''[[Canto General]]''.
 * April 14 - [[Roy Campbell (poet)|Roy Campbell]] punches [[Stephen Spender]] on the nose at a poetry reading in London.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=14 April|first1=John|last1=Sutherland|authorlink1=John Sutherland (author)|first2=Stephen|last2=Fender|title=Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature|location=London|publisher=Icon Books|year=2010|edition=2011|isbn=978-184831-247-0}}</ref>
-* October - Publication begins in [[Italian poetry|Italy]] of ''[[:it:L'inferno di Topolino|L'inferno di Topolino]]'', a graphic parody of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s ''[[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]]'' featuring [[Mickey Mouse]] with text and verse by [[Guido Martina]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Le origini de “L’Inferno di Topolino”? In un diario scolastico|first=Alberto|last=Brambilla|date=2013-10-30|accessdate=2021-10-15|url=http://www.fumettologica.it/2013/10/le-origini-de-linferno-di-topolino-in-un-diario-scolastico/|work=Fumetto Logica}}</ref>
+* October - Publication begins in [[Italian poetry|Italy]] of ''[[:it:L'inferno di Topolino|L'inferno di Topolino]]'', a graphic parody of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s ''[[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]]'' featuring [[Mickey Mouse]] with text and verse by [[Guido Martina]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Le origini de "L'Inferno di Topolino"? In un diario scolastico|first=Alberto|last=Brambilla|date=2013-10-30|accessdate=2021-10-15|url=http://www.fumettologica.it/2013/10/le-origini-de-linferno-di-topolino-in-un-diario-scolastico/|work=Fumetto Logica}}</ref>
 * [[Indonesian literature|Indonesian]] poet [[Chairil Anwar]] writes his last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Trees Are Sown Off Into the Distance"), prior to his death aged 26 on April 28.<ref>{{cite book|last=Balfas|first=Muhammad|author-link=M. Balfas|editor1-last=Brakel|editor1-first=L. F.|year=1976|title=Handbuch der Orientalistik|trans-title=Handbook of Orientalistics|chapter=Modern Indonesian Literature in Brief|volume=1|publisher=E. J. Brill|location=Leiden, Netherlands|isbn=978-90-04-04331-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbY3AAAAIAAJ|page=79}}</ref>
 * [[Communist Party of Greece|Greek Communist]] poet [[Yannis Ritsos]], incarcerated during the Communist–centrist/rightist struggle in the [[Greek Civil War]], writes poems which will ultimately see publication twenty-six years later, in the [[1975 in poetry|1975]] book, ''Petrinos khronos''.
 * [[George Hill Dillon]], editor of the journal ''[[Poetry (magazine)|Poetry]]'' since [[1937 in poetry|1937]], relinquishes his post.
-* First issue of ''Caribbean Quarterly'', the flagship journal on culture edited at the [[University of the West Indies]], spotlights [[Caribbean poetry]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-jzJb96uTdQC&pg=PR17&dq=Timeline+poetry&ei=whCOScW-DpvWzAS-s_y5BQ#PPR17,M1 "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry"] in Williams, Emily Allen, ''Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography'', page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-313-31747-7}}, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009</ref>
+* First issue of ''Caribbean Quarterly'', the flagship journal on culture edited at the [[University of the West Indies]], spotlights [[Caribbean poetry]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-jzJb96uTdQC&dq=Timeline+poetry&pg=PR17 "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry"] in Williams, Emily Allen, ''Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography'', page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-313-31747-7}}, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009</ref>
 ==Works published in English==
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ===[[Indian poetry|India]], [[Indian poetry in English|in English]]===
-* [[Sri Aurobindo]], ''Chitrangada'' ( Poetry in English ), Bombay: Sri Aurobindo Circle,<ref>Vinayak Krishna Gokak, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLE8GVsAfEMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965)'', p 313], New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), {{ISBN|81-260-1196-3}}, retrieved August 6, 2010</ref>
+* [[Sri Aurobindo]], ''Chitrangada'' ( Poetry in English ), Bombay: Sri Aurobindo Circle,<ref>Vinayak Krishna Gokak, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLE8GVsAfEMC ''The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965)'', p 313], New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), {{ISBN|81-260-1196-3}}, retrieved August 6, 2010</ref>
 ===[[New Zealand poetry|New Zealand]]===
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ** ''The Axe'', a verse play with a Pacific setting (Caxton)<ref name=nzbc>[http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writers/curnowa.html Allen Curnow Web page] at the New Zealand Book Council website, accessed April 21, 2008</ref>
 ** ''At Dead Low Water and Sonnets'' (Caxton)<ref name=nzbc/>
-* [[Basil Dowling]], ''Canterbury''<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/L/LiteraturePoetry/UrsulaBethall/en Web page titled "Ursula Bethall"] in ''An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 website, accessed April 21, 2008</ref>
+* [[Basil Dowling]], ''Canterbury''<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/L/LiteraturePoetry/UrsulaBethall/en Web page titled "Ursula Bethall"] in ''An Encyclopedia of New Zealand'', 1966 website, accessed April 21, 2008</ref>
 ===[[English poetry|United Kingdom]]===
 * [[Dannie Abse]], ''After Every Green Thing''<ref name=cocel>{{cite book|editor=Cox, Michael|title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-860634-6|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordchr00coxm}}</ref>
 * [[Edward Andrade]], ''Poems and Songs''
+* [[Edmund Blunden]], ''After the Bombing, and Other Short Poems''
 * [[Roy Campbell (poet)|Roy Campbell]], ''Collected Poems'', Volume 1 (Volume 2 [[1957 in poetry|1957]], Volume 3 (consisting of translations) [[1960 in poetry|1960]])<ref name=cocel/>
 * [[C. Day-Lewis]], ''Collected Poems'', published in March, although the book states "1948" (see also ''Collected Poems'' [[1954 in poetry|1954]])<ref name=cocel/>
@@ Line 40: / Line 41: @@
 * [[W. S. Graham]], ''The White Threshold''
 * [[Geoffrey Grigson]], editor, ''Poetry of the Present'', anthology<ref name=cocel/>
-* [[Christopher Hassall]], ''The Slow Night'', and Other Poems 1940–8''<ref name=cocel/>
+* [[Christopher Hassall]], ''The Slow Night'', and Other Poems 1940–8<ref name=cocel/>
 * [[James Kirkup]], editor, ''Leeds University Poetry'', including work by Kirkup, [[Wilfred Rowland Childe]], [[Derrick Metcalfe]], and [[Kenneth Muir (scholar)|Kenneth Muir]] (Hull: Lotus Press)<ref>[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/spcoll/leedspoetry/kirkup.htm "James Kirkup"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318132042/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/spcoll/leedspoetry/kirkup.htm |date=March 18, 2012 }}, Leeds University Library website, retrieved November 30, 2008</ref>
 * [[Louis MacNeice]], ''Collected Poems 1925–48''<ref name=cocel/>
@@ Line 57: / Line 58: @@
 * [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], ''Annie Allen''<ref name=rmlaal/>
 * [[John Ciardi]], ''Live Another Day''<ref name=rmlaal/>
-* [[Hilda Doolittle]], writing under the [[pen name]] "H. D.", ''By Avon River''<ref name=rmlaal/>
+* [[H.D.|Hilda Doolittle]], writing under the [[pen name]] "H.D.", ''By Avon River''<ref name=rmlaal/>
 * [[Kenneth Fearing]], ''Stranger at Coney Island''<ref name=rmlaal/>
 * [[Robert Frost]], ''Complete Poems''<ref name=rmlaal/>
@@ Line 86: / Line 87: @@
 * [[Eugene Guilleveic]], ''Gagner''<ref name=pa20cfv>Auster, Paul, editor, ''The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets'', New York: Random House, 1982 {{ISBN|0-394-52197-8}}</ref>
 * [[Pierre Jean Jouve]], ''Diadème''<ref name=pa20cfv/>
-* [[Henri Michaux]], ''Poesie pour pouvoir'', Paris: Drouin<ref>Rigaud-Drayton, Margaret,  [https://books.google.com/books?id=52McX5UyaB0C&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=%22Henri+Michaux%22&source=bl&ots=7lPs1QJgGL&sig=Q5zqYfa4H2jcMs_KMrfY3cECJbw&hl=en&ei=DoKASof_A5mEtgegyeXgAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=26#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Henri Michaux: Poetry, Painting and the Universal Sign''], Bibliography, p 165, Oxford University Press, 2005, retrieved via Google Books on August 10, 2009</ref>
+* [[Henri Michaux]], ''Poesie pour pouvoir'', Paris: Drouin<ref>Rigaud-Drayton, Margaret,  [https://books.google.com/books?id=52McX5UyaB0C&dq=%22Henri+Michaux%22&pg=PA7 ''Henri Michaux: Poetry, Painting and the Universal Sign''], Bibliography, p 165, Oxford University Press, 2005, retrieved via Google Books on August 10, 2009</ref>
 * [[Pierre Reverdy]], ''Main d'oeuvre: 1913–1949''<ref name=pa20cfv/>
 * [[Claude Roy (poet)|Claude Roy]], ''Le Poète mineur''<ref name=gbtcfl/>
@@ Line 96: / Line 97: @@
 ====[[Marathi poetry|Marathi]]====
-* [[C. V. Karandikar]], also known as [[Vinda Karandikar]], ''Svedaganga'', [[Indian poetry|India]], [[Marathi poetry|Marathi]]-language<ref name=skdhil>Das, Sisir Kumar and various, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&printsec=frontcover ''History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2''], 1995, published by [[Sahitya Akademi]], {{ISBN|978-81-7201-798-9}}, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008</ref>
+* [[C. V. Karandikar]], also known as [[Vinda Karandikar]], ''Svedaganga'', [[Indian poetry|India]], [[Marathi poetry|Marathi]]-language<ref name=skdhil>Das, Sisir Kumar and various, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC ''History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2''], 1995, published by [[Sahitya Akademi]], {{ISBN|978-81-7201-798-9}}, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008</ref>
 * [[Manmohan]], ''Yugayugance Sahapravasi'', [[Indian poetry|Indian]], [[Marathi poetry|Marathi]]-language (later translated into [[Hindi poetry|Hindi]] under the title ''Marsal ki Salami'')<ref name=skdhil/>
 * [[K. B. Nikumb]], ''Ujjvala'', [[Indian poetry|Indian]], [[Marathi poetry|Marathi]]-language<ref name=skdhil/>
@@ Line 113: / Line 114: @@
 ===Other languages===
 Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
-* [[Alfonso Calderón (poet)|Alfonso Calderón]], ''Primer Consejo a los Arcangeles del Viento'' ("First Advice to the Archangels of the Wind"), [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]]-language, [[Chilean poetry|Chile]]<ref>[http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=13003&ArticleId=341019 "Chile National Literature Prize Winner Alfonso Calderon Dies"], obituary, August 8, 2009, ''Latin American Herald Tribune'', retrieved September 4, 2009. [https://www.webcitation.org/5jbL7lYL6?url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId%3D13003%26ArticleId%3D341019 Archived] 2009-09-06.</ref>
+* [[Alfonso Calderón (poet)|Alfonso Calderón]], ''Primer Consejo a los Arcangeles del Viento'' ("First Advice to the Archangels of the Wind"), [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]]-language, [[Chilean poetry|Chile]]<ref>[http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=13003&ArticleId=341019 "Chile National Literature Prize Winner Alfonso Calderon Dies"], obituary, August 8, 2009, ''Latin American Herald Tribune'', retrieved September 4, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111228235620/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=341019&CategoryId=13003 Archived] 2009-09-06.</ref>
 * [[Haim Gouri]], ''Pirhei Esh'' ("Flowers of Fire, Years of Fire"), [[Israeli literature|Israeli]] writing in [[Hebrew literature|Hebrew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ithl.org.il/author_info.asp?id=101 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-10-06 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930024232/http://www.ithl.org.il/author_info.asp?id=101 |archivedate=2007-09-30 }} Web page titled "Haim Gouri" at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature Web site, accessed October 6, 2007</ref>
 * [[Erik Knudsen (poet)|Eric Knudsen]], ''Blomsten og sværdet'' ("The Flower and the Sword"), [[Danish poetry|Denmark]]<ref name=apnpe>"Danish Poetry" article, pp 273, in Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., ''The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'', 1993. New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications</ref>
-* [[Alexander Mezhirov]], ''Новые встречи'' ("New Encounters"), including "Communists, Ahead!", [[Russian poetry|Russia]]<ref name=msajrl>Shrayer, Maxim, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8a392rarhCsC&printsec=frontcover#PPA879,M1 "Aleksandr Mezhirov"], p 879, ''An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry'', publisher: M.E. Sharpe, 2007, {{ISBN|0-7656-0521-X}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7656-0521-4}}, retrieved via Google Books on May 27, 2009</ref>
+* [[Alexander Mezhirov]], ''Новые встречи'' ("New Encounters"), including "Communists, Ahead!", [[Russian poetry|Russia]]<ref name=msajrl>Shrayer, Maxim, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8a392rarhCsC&pg=PA879 "Aleksandr Mezhirov"], p 879, ''An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry'', publisher: M.E. Sharpe, 2007, {{ISBN|0-7656-0521-X}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7656-0521-4}}, retrieved via Google Books on May 27, 2009</ref>
 * [[Máirtín Ó Direáin]], ''Rogha Dánta'', [[Irish poetry|Irish]] poet writing in [[Irish language|Irish]]
 * [[Carlos de Oliveira]], ''Descida aos Infernos''
@@ Line 125: / Line 126: @@
 * [[Pulitzer Prize for poetry]]: [[Peter Viereck]], ''Terror and Decorum''
 * [[Bollingen Prize]]: [[Ezra Pound]]
-* [[Canadian poetry|Canada:]] [[Governor General's Awards|Governor General's Award]], poetry or drama: ''The Red Heart'', [[James Reaney]]<ref>
+* [[Canadian poetry|Canada:]] [[Governor General's Awards|Governor General's Award]], poetry or drama: ''The Red Heart'', [[James Reaney]]<ref>[http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf  "Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514183017/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011.
-[http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf  "Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards]", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011.
+http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf </ref>
-http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf</ref>
 ==Births==
@@ Line 144: / Line 144: @@
 * April 25 – [[James Fenton]], [[English poetry|English]] journalist, poet, critic and academic
 * May 6 – [[Olga Broumas]], Greek-born English-language poet in the United States
-* May 13 – [[Christopher Reid]], Hong Kong-born [[English poetry|English]] poet, essayist, cartoonist, writer and exponent of [[Martian poetry]]
+* May 13 – [[Christopher Reid (writer)|Christopher Reid]], Hong Kong-born [[English poetry|English]] poet, essayist, cartoonist, writer and exponent of [[Martian poetry]]
 * May 15 – [[Alice Major]], Scottish-born [[Canadian poetry|Canadian]] poet
 * June 21:
@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
 * March 2&nbsp;– [[Sarojini Naidu]] (born [[1879 in poetry|1879]]), [[Indian poetry|Indian]] writing [[Indian poetry in English]] and political activist
+* April 27&nbsp;– [[Evan Morgan, 2nd Viscount Tredegar]] (born [[1893 in poetry|1893]]), [[Welsh poetry|Welsh]] poet and occultist
 * April 28&nbsp;– [[Chairil Anwar]] (born [[1922 in poetry|1922]]), [[Indonesian literature|Indonesian]] poet
 * May 5&nbsp;– [[Hideo Nagata]] 長田秀雄 (born [[1885 in poetry|1885]]), [[Shōwa period]] [[Japanese poetry|Japanese]] poet, playwright and screenwriter (surname: Nagata)
 * May 6&nbsp;– [[Maurice Maeterlinck]], Belgian poet, playwright and Nobel Laureate
-* June 15&nbsp;– [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]], also known simply as "Ulloor" (born [[1877 in poetry|1877]]), [[Indian poetry|Indian]], [[Malayalam poetry|Malayalam]]-language poet, scholar and government official who published a five-volume history of Malayalam literature<ref name=apmila>Paniker, Ayyappa, [https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA411&lpg=PA411&dq=%22Balijepalli+Lakshmikantham%22&source=bl&ots=uno9_V2xCS&sig=XpfTAeXSKMtdI3hUZ2fKJiNptqs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA231,M1 "Modern Malayalam Literature"] chapter in George, K. M., editor, ' 'Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology' ', pp 231–255, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, retrieved January 10, 2009.</ref>
+* June 15&nbsp;– [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]], also known simply as "Ulloor" (born [[1877 in poetry|1877]]), [[Indian poetry|Indian]], [[Malayalam poetry|Malayalam]]-language poet, scholar and government official who published a five-volume history of Malayalam literature<ref name=apmila>Paniker, Ayyappa, [https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=%22Balijepalli+Lakshmikantham%22&pg=PA411 "Modern Malayalam Literature"] chapter in George, K. M., editor, ' 'Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology' ', pp 231–255, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, retrieved January 10, 2009.</ref>
 * July 18&nbsp;– [[Alice Corbin Henderson]] (born [[1881 in poetry|1881]]), [[American poetry|American]] poet
 * July 25&nbsp;– [[Lilian Bowes Lyon]] (born [[1895 in poetry|1895]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet
 * September 9&nbsp;– [[Fredegond Shove]] (born [[1889 in poetry|1889]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet
 * December 28&nbsp;– [[Hervey Allen]] (born [[1889 in poetry|1889]]), [[American poetry|American]] novelist and poet
+* [[Joseph Lee (poet)|Joseph Lee]] (born [[1876 in poetry|1876]]), [[Scottish poetry|Scottish]] war poet, artist and journalist
 ==See also==

v t e Lists of poets
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