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{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{short description|Indian musical organization}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox organization
|name = Ustad Nazakat Ali Khan (1928 &ndash; 1984)<br/>Ustad Salamat Ali Khan (1934 &ndash; 2001)<ref name="Friday"/>
| name = Sham Chaurasi Gharana
⚫
|birth_place = [[Shamchaurasi]] near [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, British India]]<ref name="Friday"/>
| formation = [[16th century]]
|nationality = British India and Pakistan
| founders = Chand Khan, Suraj Khan
|occupation = [[Classical music]] vocalists
⚫
| founding_location = [[Shamchaurasi]], [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Mughal India]]
| purpose =
| focus = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| footnotes = Source [https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/all-about-sham-chaurasi-gharana/article19593609.ece]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Sham Chaurasi Gharana''' is a [[vocal gharana]] (a family's style of singing) in [[Hindustani classical music]] known for the singing of vocal duets. It is also known as the cradle of [[drupad]]. It is one of the four singing gharanas of Punjab; the other three are: [[Patiala gharana|Patiala]], Talwandi and Kapurthala.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Jyoti |title=All About Sham Chaurasi Gharana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/all-about-sham-chaurasi-gharana/article19593609.ece |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=31 August 2017}}</ref> It is most notably represented in modern times by the brothers Nazakat and [[Salamat Ali Khan]].

⚫
'''Sham Chaurasi Gharana''' is a [[gharana]] (a family's style of singing) in [[Hindustani classical music]] known for the singing of vocal duets. It is also known as the cradle of [[drupad]]. It is one of the four singing gharanas of Punjab; the other three are: Patiala, Talwandi and Kapurthala.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Jyoti |title=All About Sham Chaurasi Gharana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/all-about-sham-chaurasi-gharana/article19593609.ece |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=31 August 2017}}</ref> It is most notably represented in modern times by the brothers Nazakat and [[Salamat Ali Khan]].


==History==
==History==
The gharana is believed to have been founded in the 16th century<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Council Sham Chaurasi|url=http://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/shamchaurasi/city-introduction/|website=http://lgpunjab.gov.in/}}</ref> by Chand Khan and Suraj Khan who were contemporaries of [[Tansen]] at the court of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]]. Successive generations of musicians in the gharana specialised in the [[dhrupad]] form of singing and evolved a tradition of duet vocal ([[jugalbandi]]) performances. Meer Baksh and Khairdeen, Karam Elahi Khan, Vilayat Ali and Hadayat Khan, Ghulam Shabir Khan and Ghulam Jafar Khan, Nazakat Ali and Salamat Ali are noted practitioners of jugalbandi from this gharana.<ref name=sadarang/><ref name="Friday"/>
The gharana is believed to have been founded in the 16th century<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Council Sham Chaurasi|url=https://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/shamchaurasi/city-introduction/|website=lgpunjab.gov.in/}}</ref> by Chand Khan and Suraj Khan who were contemporaries of [[Tansen]] at the court of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]]. Successive generations of musicians in the gharana specialised in the [[dhrupad]] form of singing and evolved a tradition of duet vocal ([[jugalbandi]]) performances. Meer Baksh and Khairdeen, Karam Elahi Khan, Vilayat Ali and Hadayat Khan, Ghulam Shabir Khan and Ghulam Jafar Khan, Nazakat Ali and Salamat Ali are noted practitioners of [[jugalbandi]] from this gharana.<ref name=sadarang/><ref name="Friday"/>


The gharana is centred at [[Shamchaurasi]] in the [[Hoshiarpur]] district of [[Punjab, India]]; alternate spellings include Shamchurasi.<ref name="Friday"/> An explanation of the name is that ''sham'' is taken from the name of the [[Sufi]] saint, Sant Shami Shah and (''chaurasi'' =84) was named after a cluster of 84 villages which constituted a land revenue unit.<ref name=Tribune>{{cite news | title = An area consisting of Eightyfour Villages |author=Khushwant Singh | publisher = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune (newspaper)]] | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030628/windows/above.htm}}, Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref> According to one legend, the founders were given a parcel of land here as a grant to them by [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]].<ref name=Tribune/> In an alternative version of the origin, the Mughal Emperor [[Muhammad Shah|Muhammad Shah "Rangila"]] was said to have been so impressed by the gharana that he gave all income from the 84 local villages, known as 'Chaurasi', to the Sufi saint Sant Shami Shah.<ref>Tradition of Hindustani Music By Manorma Sharma p62 [https://books.google.com/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&pg=PA63 via Google Books website] Retrieved 14 July 2023</ref>
The gharana is centred at a village of the same name in the [[Hoshiarpur]] district of [[Punjab (India)]]; alternate spellings include Shamchurasi.<ref name="Friday"/>

Another explanation of the name is that ''sham'' is taken from the name of the [[Sufi]] saint, Sant Shami Shah and (''chaurasi'' =84) was named after a cluster of 84 villages which constituted a land revenue unit.<ref name=Tribune>
{{cite news
| title = An area consisting of Eightyfour Villages
|author=Khushwant Singh
| publisher = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune (newspaper)]]
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030628/windows/above.htm
}}, Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref> in the time of [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]. According to one legend, the founders were given a parcel of land here as a grant to them by [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]].<ref name=Tribune/>

In an alternative version of the origin, the [[Mughal Emperor]] Muhammad Shah "Rangila" was said to have been so impressed by the gharana that he gave all income from the 84 local villages, known as 'Chaurasi', to the Sufi saint Sant Shami Shah.<ref>Tradition of Hindustani Music By Manorma Sharma p62 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&pg=PA63 Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref>


==Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan==
==Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan==
Around the turn of the century, the gharana was represented by Vilayat Ali Khan, who was noted for his [[dhrupad]] singing. His sons were Salamat Ali Khan, Nazakat Ali Khan, Tasadaq Ali Khan, Akhter Ali Khan and Zakir Ali Khan.
Around the turn of the century, the gharana was represented by Vilayat Ali Khan, who was noted for his [[dhrupad]] singing. His sons were Salamat Ali Khan, Nazakat Ali Khan, Tasadaq Ali Khan, Akhter Ali Khan and Zakir Ali Khan.


The brothers Nazakat Ali Khan (1928-1984) and Salamat Ali Khan (1934-2001) had their debut performance on [[All India Radio]], [[Delhi]] in 1942, when Salamat was only 8.<ref name="Friday"/> They went to [[Amritsar]] for a memorable concert:
The brothers Nazakat Ali Khan (1928–1984) and [[Salamat Ali Khan]] (1934–2001) had their debut performance on [[All India Radio]], [[Delhi]] in 1942, when Salamat was only 8.<ref name="Friday"/> They went to [[Amritsar]] for a memorable concert:
:"When the performance started, it seemed like a feast of musical notes had descended upon us in the audience. Every member of the audience was amazed and in complete awe of the duo. It was almost unbelievable that boys of that age could give such a fine performance. When the drut portion started, the brothers gave a blazing display of [[taan]]s, [[sargam (music)|sargam]]s and ''layakari'', which left the audience stunned".:<ref name=sadarang>
:"When the performance started, it seemed like a feast of musical notes had descended upon us in the audience. Every member of the audience was amazed and in complete awe of the duo. It was almost unbelievable that boys of that age could give such a fine performance. When the drut portion started, the brothers gave a blazing display of [[taan]]s, [[sargam (music)|sargam]]s and ''layakari'', which left the audience stunned".:<ref name=sadarang>
{{cite news
{{cite news
|title = Yaadein : Ustad Nazakat Ali Khan and Ustad Salamat Ali Khan's memorable performance at the Durgiana Temple in Amritsar
|title = Yaadein: Ustad Nazakat Ali Khan and Ustad Salamat Ali Khan's memorable performance at the Durgiana Temple in Amritsar
|author = M.A. Sheikh
|author = M.A. Sheikh
|url = http://www.sadarang.com/Yaadein-SalamatNazakat.htm
|url = http://www.sadarang.com/Yaadein-SalamatNazakat.htm
Line 40: Line 33:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


After the 1947 [[Partition of British India]], the family first moved to [[Multan]], [[Pakistan]] and later moved to [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. They emerged as one of the leading performers of [[classical music]] in [[Pakistan]]. Famous Indian playback singer [[Lata Mangeshkar]] once reportedly said that Ustad Salamat Ali Khan was the greatest classical vocalist of the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="Friday"/>
After the 1947 [[partition of India]], the family first moved to [[Multan]], Pakistan and later moved to [[Lahore]]. They emerged as one of the leading performers of [[classical music]] in Pakistan. Famous Indian playback singer [[Lata Mangeshkar]] once reportedly said that Ustad Salamat Ali Khan was the greatest classical vocalist of the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="Friday"/>
A number of their recordings exist from their very fruitful partnership until 1974. Subsequently, due to differences over finances,<ref name="Friday">[http://www.thefridaytimes.com/14012011/page27.shtml Biography of Salamat Ali Khan on The Friday Times (newspaper)] Published 14 Jan 2011, Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref> they broke up, and then Nazakat Ali Khan died in 1984, but Salamat Ali Khan continued singing along with his sons Sharafat Ali Khan and [[Shafqat Ali Khan]], who continue the Sham Chaurasia tradition.
A number of their recordings exist from their very fruitful partnership until 1974. Subsequently, due to differences over finances,<ref name="Friday">[http://www.thefridaytimes.com/14012011/page27.shtml Biography of Salamat Ali Khan on The Friday Times (newspaper)] Published 14 Jan 2011, Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref> they broke up, and then Nazakat Ali Khan died in 1984, but Salamat Ali Khan continued singing along with his sons [[Sharafat Ali Khan]] and [[Shafqat Ali Khan]], who continue the Sham Chaurasia tradition. Salamat's second eldest son, Latafat Ali Khan <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.last.fm/music/Latafat+Ali+Khan/|title = Latafat Ali Khan music, videos, stats, and photos}}</ref> is an exponent of [[Ghazal]], [[Thumri]] and [[Kafi]] singing.
Salamat's second eldest son, Latafat Ali Khan <ref>https://www.last.fm/music/Latafat+Ali+Khan/</ref> is an exponent of [[Ghazal]], [[Thumri]] and [[Kafi]] singing.


⚫
Notable students (shagird) of Ustad Salamat Ali Khan include Ustad Hussain Bakhsh Gullu, Ustad B S Narang, Ustad [[Shafqat Ali Khan]], [[Abida Parveen]] and many more. Ustad Salamat Ali Khan was awarded the [[Pride of Performance]] Award in 1977 by the [[President of Pakistan]].<ref name=travel-culture>[https://www.travel-culture.com/pakistan/music/ustad-salamat-ali-khan.shtml Profile and award info for Salamat Ali Khan] travel-culture.com website, Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref>
Notable students (shagird) of Ustad Salamat Ali Khan include Ustad Hussain Bakhsh Gullu.

==Awards and recognition==
⚫
Ustad Salamat Ali Khan was awarded the [[Pride of Performance]] Award in 1989 by the [[President of Pakistan]].<ref name=travel-culture>[https://www.travel-culture.com/pakistan/music/ustad-salamat-ali-khan.shtml Profile and award info for Salamat Ali Khan] travel-culture.com website, Retrieved 7 November 2018</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

{{Pride of Performance for Arts}}
{{Pride of Performance for Arts}}

{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sham Chaurasi gharana}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sham Chaurasi gharana}}
[[Category:Vocal gharanas]]
[[Category:Vocal gharanas]]
[[Category:Hindustani music]]
[[Category:Music schools in India]]
[[Category:Music schools in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Music schools in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian classical music]]
[[Category:Pakistani classical musicians]]
[[Category:Classical music in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Classical music in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]

Latest revision as of 18:04, 27 June 2024

Sham Chaurasi Gharana
Formation16th century
FoundersChand Khan, Suraj Khan
Founded atShamchaurasi, Hoshiarpur, Mughal India
FocusHindustani classical music
Source [1]

Sham Chaurasi Gharana is a vocal gharana (a family's style of singing) in Hindustani classical music known for the singing of vocal duets. It is also known as the cradle of drupad. It is one of the four singing gharanas of Punjab; the other three are: Patiala, Talwandi and Kapurthala.[1] It is most notably represented in modern times by the brothers Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan.

History

[edit]

The gharana is believed to have been founded in the 16th century[2] by Chand Khan and Suraj Khan who were contemporaries of Tansen at the court of Mughal emperor Akbar. Successive generations of musicians in the gharana specialised in the dhrupad form of singing and evolved a tradition of duet vocal (jugalbandi) performances. Meer Baksh and Khairdeen, Karam Elahi Khan, Vilayat Ali and Hadayat Khan, Ghulam Shabir Khan and Ghulam Jafar Khan, Nazakat Ali and Salamat Ali are noted practitioners of jugalbandi from this gharana.[3][4]

The gharana is centred at Shamchaurasi in the Hoshiarpur district of Punjab, India; alternate spellings include Shamchurasi.[4] An explanation of the name is that sham is taken from the name of the Sufi saint, Sant Shami Shah and (chaurasi =84) was named after a cluster of 84 villages which constituted a land revenue unit.[5] According to one legend, the founders were given a parcel of land here as a grant to them by Mughal Emperor Akbar.[5] In an alternative version of the origin, the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah "Rangila" was said to have been so impressed by the gharana that he gave all income from the 84 local villages, known as 'Chaurasi', to the Sufi saint Sant Shami Shah.[6]

Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan

[edit]

Around the turn of the century, the gharana was represented by Vilayat Ali Khan, who was noted for his dhrupad singing. His sons were Salamat Ali Khan, Nazakat Ali Khan, Tasadaq Ali Khan, Akhter Ali Khan and Zakir Ali Khan.

The brothers Nazakat Ali Khan (1928–1984) and Salamat Ali Khan (1934–2001) had their debut performance on All India Radio, Delhi in 1942, when Salamat was only 8.[4] They went to Amritsar for a memorable concert:

"When the performance started, it seemed like a feast of musical notes had descended upon us in the audience. Every member of the audience was amazed and in complete awe of the duo. It was almost unbelievable that boys of that age could give such a fine performance. When the drut portion started, the brothers gave a blazing display of taans, sargams and layakari, which left the audience stunned".:[3]

After the 1947 partition of India, the family first moved to Multan, Pakistan and later moved to Lahore. They emerged as one of the leading performers of classical music in Pakistan. Famous Indian playback singer Lata Mangeshkar once reportedly said that Ustad Salamat Ali Khan was the greatest classical vocalist of the Indian subcontinent.[4]

A number of their recordings exist from their very fruitful partnership until 1974. Subsequently, due to differences over finances,[4] they broke up, and then Nazakat Ali Khan died in 1984, but Salamat Ali Khan continued singing along with his sons Sharafat Ali Khan and Shafqat Ali Khan, who continue the Sham Chaurasia tradition. Salamat's second eldest son, Latafat Ali Khan [7] is an exponent of Ghazal, Thumri and Kafi singing.

Notable students (shagird) of Ustad Salamat Ali Khan include Ustad Hussain Bakhsh Gullu, Ustad B S Narang, Ustad Shafqat Ali Khan, Abida Parveen and many more. Ustad Salamat Ali Khan was awarded the Pride of Performance Award in 1977 by the President of Pakistan.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nair, Jyoti (31 August 2017). "All About Sham Chaurasi Gharana". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  2. ^ "Municipal Council Sham Chaurasi". lgpunjab.gov.in/.
  3. ^ a b M.A. Sheikh. "Yaadein: Ustad Nazakat Ali Khan and Ustad Salamat Ali Khan's memorable performance at the Durgiana Temple in Amritsar". Archived from the original on 5 October 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e Biography of Salamat Ali Khan on The Friday Times (newspaper) Published 14 Jan 2011, Retrieved 7 November 2018
  5. ^ a b Khushwant Singh. "An area consisting of Eightyfour Villages". The Tribune (newspaper)., Retrieved 7 November 2018
  6. ^ Tradition of Hindustani Music By Manorma Sharma p62 via Google Books website Retrieved 14 July 2023
  7. ^ "Latafat Ali Khan music, videos, stats, and photos".
  8. ^ Profile and award info for Salamat Ali Khan travel-culture.com website, Retrieved 7 November 2018
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