Allan B. Calhamer: Difference between revisions

Allan B. Calhamer
Allan B. Calhamer
Born	Allan Brian Calhamer; December 7, 1931; Hinsdale, Illinois, US
Died	February 25, 2013 (aged 81); La Grange, Illinois, US
Alma mater	Harvard University
Occupation(s)	Game Designer, mail carrier, researcher
Known for	inventing the board game Diplomacy
Spouse	Hilda
Children	2

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 20:13, 27 June 2024

Allan Brian Calhamer (December 7, 1931 – February 25, 2013)^[1] was an American board game designer, best known for his game Diplomacy.^[2]

Career

Calhamer speculated that his original inspiration for Diplomacy was an article in Life magazine about the Congress of Vienna he read in 1945 at age 13.^[3] Gordon Leavitt, a childhood friend of Calhamer's recounted how, when they were boys in La Grange Park, Illinois, he and Calhamer "discovered in the attic a geography book that showed a map of Europe before World War I with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the old boundaries."^[4] Calhamer received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1953, then began at Harvard Law School. Reading The Origins of the World War by professor Sidney Bradshaw Fay, whose class he attended, finally galvanized Calhamer.^[5] In 1954, while still enrolled, he developed a game of strategy and alliances that put seven players in control of the major powers of the pre-World War I era. He quit law school after one year, and Sylvania's Applied Research Laboratory in Waltham, Massachusetts hired him as a systems analyst. He also worked as tour guide for the Statue of Liberty during this period.^[3]

In 1959, Calhamer published his game as Diplomacy and printed 500 copies.^[5] After selling all of them in six months,^[5] he licensed the game to a publisher, with Games Research releasing its first edition in 1961.^[6] Over the years, Diplomacy has been published in North America by Games Research, Avalon Hill, Hasbro, and Renegade Game Studios, and has been published in several different languages in other nations by various publishers. Calhamer's original face-to-face board game has also been played by mail since 1963. More recently, there are internet Diplomacy games, games run through email or online with or without a human game master. Calhamer later invented two other games, but neither achieved anything like the success of Diplomacy.^[3]

Calhamer wrote a book, Calhamer on Diplomacy: The Boardgame "Diplomacy" and Diplomatic History, but the game did not provide him with a living. In the 1990s he retired from working as a mail carrier and lived his last years in La Grange Park.^[5]^[7]

Calhamer also published a game of four-dimensional exploration, called "Hyper-Space." The instructions are at the Internet Archive.^[8]^[9]

Legacy

Calhamer died of heart and kidney failure on February 25, 2013, at Adventist-La Grange Memorial Hospital in La Grange, Illinois.^[5]^[10] Mike Webb, vice president of marketing and data services for Alliance Game Distributors, said in a posthumous interview, "In many ways, the hobby-game industry as we know it owes its existence to Allan Calhamer" thanks to Diplomacy's numerous gameplay innovations, specifically the ability to negotiate and deceive other players.^[3]

Personal life

Calhamer met his future wife, Hilda Morales, in New York. The couple were married 45 years and had two daughters together, Tatiana and Selenne.^[3]

Articles written by Calhamer

Military Intelligence (1960)
On Strengthening the hand of Austria-Hungary (1960)
The Tactics of Diplomacy (1961)
A Dozen Years of Diplomacy (1966)
On the Play of Postal Diplomacy by Allan Calhamer (1966)
The Invention of Diplomacy Archived 2015-12-31 at the Wayback Machine (1974)
Across the Whole Board (1974)
Objectives Other Than Winning (1974)
Introduction to Diplomacy (1975)
The Coast of Moscow

References

^ "United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/KXZZ-88P : accessed 11 Mar 2013), Allan B Calhamer, 25 February 2013.
^ "Allan B. Calhamer, inventor of board game Diplomacy, dies at 81". Chicago Sun-Times. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2013-03-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Mailman invented board game Diplomacy". Chicago Sun-Times. March 3, 2013. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
^ "World Domination: the Game". The Washington Post. November 14, 2004. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kates, Joan Giangrasse (March 3, 2013). "Allan B. Calhamer, 1931-2013". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on March 4, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
^ Van Gelder, Allen (1990-01-01). "Modeling simultaneous events with default reasoning and tight derivations". The Journal of Logic Programming. Special Issue: Logic Programming Applications. 8 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1016/0743-1066(90)90050-F. ISSN 0743-1066.
^ McClelland, Edward (May 2009). "All in the Game". Chicago magazine. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
^ "Game of Hyper-Space (Open the PDF for rules and pix)". 1969.
^ "Hyper-Space Board Game | BoardGames.com | Your source for everything to do with Board Games".
^ Fox, Margalit (March 6, 2013). "Allan Calhamer Dies at 81; Invented Diplomacy Game". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2016.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Board game designer (1931–2013)}}
 {{Infobox person
 | name        = Allan B. Calhamer
@@ Line 4: / Line 5: @@
 | alt         =
 | caption     =
-| birth_name  =
+| birth_name  = Allan Brian Calhamer
 | birth_date  = {{Birth date|1931|12|07}}
-| birth_place = [[Hinsdale, Illinois]]
+| birth_place = [[Hinsdale, Illinois]], US
 | death_date  = {{Death date and age|2013|2|25|1931|12|07}}
-| death_place = [[La Grange, Illinois]]
+| death_place = [[La Grange, Illinois]], US
-| nationality = [[United States|American]]
 | spouse= Hilda
-| children =Selenne, Tatiana
+| children =2
 | other_names =
 | known_for   = inventing the board game [[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]
 | occupation  = [[Game Designer]], [[mail carrier]], researcher
 | alma_mater  = [[Harvard University]]
-| resting_place       = Parkholm Cemetery (La Grange Park, Illinois)
 }}
-'''Allan Brian Calhamer''' (December 7, 1931 – February 25, 2013)<ref>"United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/KXZZ-88P : accessed 11 Mar 2013), Allan B Calhamer, 25 February 2013.</ref> was an [[United States|American]] [[mail carrier]] who invented the [[board game]] ''[[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=March 1, 2013 11:02PM |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/obituaries/18572633-418/allan-b-calhamer-inventor-of-board-game-diplomacy-dies-at-81.html |title=Allan B. Calhamer, inventor of board game Diplomacy, dies at 81 - Chicago Sun-Times |publisher=Suntimes.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-02}}</ref>
+'''Allan Brian Calhamer''' (December 7, 1931 – February 25, 2013)<ref>"United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/KXZZ-88P : accessed 11 Mar 2013), Allan B Calhamer, 25 February 2013.</ref> was an American  [[board game]] designer, best known for his game ''[[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/obituaries/18572633-418/allan-b-calhamer-inventor-of-board-game-diplomacy-dies-at-81.html |title=Allan B. Calhamer, inventor of board game Diplomacy, dies at 81 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |date=2013-03-01 |access-date=2013-03-02}}</ref>
 ==Career==
-Calhamer speculated that his original inspiration for ''[[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]'' was an article in [[Life (magazine)|''Life'' magazine]] about the [[Congress of Vienna]] he read in 1945 at age 13.<ref name=mailman/> Gordon Leavitt, a childhood friend of Calhamer's recounted how, when they were boys in [[La Grange Park, Illinois]], he and Calhamer "discovered in the attic a geography book that showed a map of [[Europe]] before [[World War I]] with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the old boundaries."<ref>{{ cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38110-2004Nov9_3.html | title=World Domination: the Game | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=November 14, 2004 | accessdate=March 1, 2013}}</ref>  Calhamer received his [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's]] degree from [[Harvard University]] in 1953, then began at [[Harvard Law School]]. Reading ''The Origins of the World War'' by professor Sidney Bradshaw Fay, whose class he attended, finally galvanized Calhamer.<ref name="Obituary"/> In 1954, while still enrolled, he developed a game of strategy and alliances that put seven players in control of the major powers of the pre-[[World War I]] era. He quit law school after one year, and [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania's]] Applied Research Laboratory in [[Waltham, Massachusetts]] hired him as a [[systems analyst]]. He also worked as tour guide for the [[Statue of Liberty]] during this period.<ref name=mailman/>
+Calhamer speculated that his original inspiration for ''[[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]'' was an article in [[Life (magazine)|''Life'' magazine]] about the [[Congress of Vienna]] he read in 1945 at age 13.<ref name=mailman/> Gordon Leavitt, a childhood friend of Calhamer's recounted how, when they were boys in [[La Grange Park, Illinois]], he and Calhamer "discovered in the attic a geography book that showed a map of [[Europe]] before [[World War I]] with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the old boundaries."<ref>{{ Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38110-2004Nov9_3.html | title=World Domination: the Game | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=November 14, 2004 | access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>  Calhamer received his [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's]] degree from [[Harvard University]] in 1953, then began at [[Harvard Law School]]. Reading ''The Origins of the World War'' by professor Sidney Bradshaw Fay, whose class he attended, finally galvanized Calhamer.<ref name="Obituary"/> In 1954, while still enrolled, he developed a game of strategy and alliances that put seven players in control of the major powers of the pre-[[World War I]] era. He quit law school after one year, and [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania's]] Applied Research Laboratory in [[Waltham, Massachusetts]] hired him as a [[systems analyst]]. He also worked as tour guide for the [[Statue of Liberty]] during this period.<ref name=mailman/>
-In 1959, Calhamer published his game as ''Diplomacy'' and printed 500 copies.<ref name="Obituary"/> After selling all of them in six months, he licensed the game to a publisher. Over the years, ''Diplomacy'' has been published in North America by [[Games Research Inc|Games Research]], [[Avalon Hill]], and [[Hasbro]], and has been published in several different languages in other nations by various publishers. Calhamer's original face-to-face board game has also been played by mail since 1963. More recently, there are [[internet Diplomacy|internet ''Diplomacy'']] games, games run through [[email]] or in online games with a human game master.  Calhamer later invented two other games, but neither achieved anything like the success of ''Diplomacy''.<ref name=mailman/>
+In 1959, Calhamer published his game as ''Diplomacy'' and printed 500 copies.<ref name="Obituary"/> After selling all of them in six months,<ref name="Obituary" /> he licensed the game to a publisher, with [[Games Research Inc|Games Research]] releasing its first edition in 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van Gelder|first=Allen|date=1990-01-01|title=Modeling simultaneous events with default reasoning and tight derivations|journal=The Journal of Logic Programming|series=Special Issue: Logic Programming Applications|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=41–52|doi=10.1016/0743-1066(90)90050-F|issn=0743-1066|doi-access=}}</ref> Over the years, ''Diplomacy'' has been published in North America by Games Research, [[Avalon Hill]], [[Hasbro]], and [[Renegade Game Studios]], and has been published in several different languages in other nations by various publishers. Calhamer's original face-to-face board game has also been [[Play-by-mail game|played by mail]] since 1963. More recently, there are [[internet Diplomacy|internet ''Diplomacy'']] games, games run through [[email]] or online with or without a human game master.  Calhamer later invented two other games, but neither achieved anything like the success of ''Diplomacy''.<ref name=mailman/>
-Calhamer wrote a book, ''Calhamer on Diplomacy: The Boardgame "Diplomacy" and Diplomatic History'', but the game did not provide him with a living. In the 1990s he retired from working as a [[mail carrier]] and lived his last years in [[La Grange Park]].<ref name="Obituary">{{cite web|first=Joan Giangrasse |last=Kates |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-calhamer-obit-20130303,0,2174217.story |title=Allan B. Calhamer, 1931-2013 |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=March 3, 2013 | accessdate=January 28, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McClelland |first=Edward |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2009/All-in-the-Game/ |title=All in the Game - Chicago magazine - May 2009 - Chicago |publisher=Chicagomag.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-01}}</ref>
+Calhamer wrote a book, ''Calhamer on Diplomacy: The Boardgame "Diplomacy" and Diplomatic History'', but the game did not provide him with a living. In the 1990s he retired from working as a [[mail carrier]] and lived his last years in [[La Grange Park]].<ref name="Obituary">{{cite news |last=Kates |first=Joan Giangrasse |date=March 3, 2013 |title=Allan B. Calhamer, 1931-2013 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-calhamer-obit-20130303,0,2174217.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304100004/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-03-03/news/ct-met-calhamer-obit-20130303_1_games-magazine-game-companies-diplomacy |archive-date=March 4, 2013 |access-date=January 28, 2015 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McClelland |first=Edward |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2009/All-in-the-Game/ |title=All in the Game |work=Chicago magazine |date=May 2009 |access-date=2013-03-01}}</ref>
+Calhamer also published a game of four-dimensional exploration, called "Hyper-Space." The instructions are at the Internet Archive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/gameofhyperspace|title = Game of Hyper-Space (Open the PDF for rules and pix)|year = 1969}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boardgames.com/boardgame/hyper-space |title = Hyper-Space Board Game {{!}} BoardGames.com {{!}} Your source for everything to do with Board Games}}</ref>
 ==Legacy==
-Calhamer died of heart and kidney failure February 25, 2013, at [[List of Seventh-day Adventist hospitals|Adventist-La Grange Memorial Hospital]] in [[La Grange, Illinois]].<ref name="Obituary" /><ref name=nyt>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/07/us/allan-calhamer-inventor-diplomacy-board-game-dies-at-81.html | title=Allan Calhamer Dies at 81; Invented Diplomacy Game | first=Margalit | last=Fox | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=March 6, 2013 | accessdate=May 25, 2016}}</ref> Mike Webb, vice president of marketing and data services for [[Alliance Game Distributors]], said in a posthumous interview, "In many ways, the hobby-game industry as we know it owes its existence to Allan Calhamer" thanks to ''Diplomacy'''s numerous gameplay innovations, specifically the ability to negotiate and deceive other players.<ref name=mailman>{{cite news | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-144CC4670E267F60.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329151211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-144CC4670E267F60.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=March 29, 2015 | title=Mailman invented board game Diplomacy | work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] | date=March 3, 2013 | accessdate=January 17, 2015}}{{subscription|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref>
+Calhamer died of heart and kidney failure on February 25, 2013, at [[List of Seventh-day Adventist hospitals|Adventist-La Grange Memorial Hospital]] in [[La Grange, Illinois]].<ref name="Obituary" /><ref name=nyt>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/07/us/allan-calhamer-inventor-diplomacy-board-game-dies-at-81.html | title=Allan Calhamer Dies at 81; Invented Diplomacy Game | first=Margalit | last=Fox | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=March 6, 2013 | access-date=May 25, 2016}}</ref> Mike Webb, vice president of marketing and data services for [[Alliance Game Distributors]], said in a posthumous interview, "In many ways, the hobby-game industry as we know it owes its existence to Allan Calhamer" thanks to ''Diplomacy'''s numerous gameplay innovations, specifically the ability to negotiate and deceive other players.<ref name=mailman>{{cite news | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-144CC4670E267F60.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329151211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-144CC4670E267F60.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=March 29, 2015 | title=Mailman invented board game Diplomacy | work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] | date=March 3, 2013 | access-date=January 17, 2015}}</ref>
 ==Personal life==
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 * A Dozen Years of Diplomacy (1966)
 * On the Play of Postal Diplomacy by Allan Calhamer (1966)
+* [http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/calhamer/invention.htm The Invention of Diplomacy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231102946/http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/calhamer/invention.htm |date=2015-12-31 }} (1974)
-* The Invention of Diplomacy (1974)
-* Across the Whole Board (1974)
+* [http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/calhamer/across_board.htm Across the Whole Board] (1974)
 * Objectives Other Than Winning (1974)
 * Introduction to Diplomacy (1975)
-* The Coast of Moscow
+* [http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/humour/coast_moscow.htm The Coast of Moscow]
 ==References==
@@ Line 50: / Line 51: @@
 ==Further reading==
 * ''Calhamer on Diplomacy: The Boardgame "Diplomacy" and Diplomatic History'', {{ISBN|1585007587}} (1999)
-* [http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/articles_by_allan.htm Articles by Allan B. Calhamer] at Diplomacy-Archive.com
+* [http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/articles_by_allan.htm Articles by Allan B. Calhamer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515000628/http://www.diplomacy-archive.com/resources/articles_by_allan.htm |date=2006-05-15 }} at Diplomacy-Archive.com
 * [http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2009/All-in-the-Game/ 2009 profile of Calhamer] at chicagomag.com
+{{Wargames}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Calhamer, Allan B.}}
@@ Line 58: / Line 62: @@
 [[Category:Board game designers]]
 [[Category:Diplomacy (game)]]
-[[Category:Mail carriers]]
+[[Category:American mail carriers]]
 [[Category:People from Hinsdale, Illinois]]
 [[Category:People from La Grange Park, Illinois]]