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{{Short description|Kenyan languages}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Idaxo, Isuxa, and Tiriki
|name=Idakho, Isukha, and Tirikhi
|nativename=''Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi''
|nativename=''Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi''
|states=Kenya
|states=Kenya
Line 6: Line 7:
|speakers=600,000
|speakers=600,000
|date=2009 census
|date=2009 census
|ref=e17
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Volta-Congo]]
|fam4=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam4=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam6=[[Southern Bantoid]]
|fam6=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam7=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam7=[[Great Lakes Bantu]]
|fam8=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam9=[[Great Lakes Bantu]]
|fam8=Logooli–Kuria (E.40)
|fam10=Masaba-Luhya
|iso3=ida
|iso3=ida
|glotto=idak1243
|glottorefname=Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki
|guthrie=JE.411–413
|guthrie=JE.411–413
}}
}}


'''Idaxo''', '''Isuxa''', and '''Tiriki''' (''Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi'') are mutually intelligible Kenyan dialects spoken by the [[Luhya people]]. They are not particularly close to other languages spoken by the Luhya.
'''Idakho''', '''Isukha''', and '''Tiriki''' (''Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi'') are mutually intelligible Kenyan languages within the Luhya ethnic group. They are a set of languages closely related to some other Luhya ethnic groups like [[Maragoli]], but less so in comparison to others, like [[Bukusu]],Tachoni or Samia.


== Tiriki ==
Tiriki, or known by the autoglossonym Lutirichi, is a language variety spoken in western Kenya and eastern Uganda<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kanyoro|first=Rachel|date=April 1985|title=Bernd Heine, The Waata Dialect of Oromo: grammatical sketch and vocabulary, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, vol. 4, Berlin: Reimer, 1981, 72 pp., DM45, paperback. - [[Okoth Okombo|Duncan Okoth-Okombo]], Dholuo Morphophonemics in Generative Framework, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, supplement 2, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 118 pp., DM50, paperback. - Lucia Ndong'a Omondi, The Major Syntactic Structures of Dholuo, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, supplement 1, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 386 pp., DM118, paperback. - Bernd Heine, The Nubi Language of Kibera: an Arabic Creole grammatical sketch and vocabulary, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, vol. 3, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 84 pp., DM43, paperback. - Bernd Heine, Boni Dialects, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, vol. 10, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 152 pp., DM118, paperback. - Chet A. Creider, Studies in Kalenjin Nominal Tonology, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, supplement 3, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 158 pp., DM68, paperback.|journal=Africa|volume=55|issue=2|pages=228–232|doi=10.2307/1160314|issn=0001-9720|jstor=1160314}}</ref> within the [[Luyia language|Luyia language family]]. It is the southeasternmost of the Luyia dialects, spoken primarily in Hamisi Constituency in Vihiga County, Western Province, Kenya. As reported in the 15th ed. of the Ethnologue,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ethnologue. Languages of the World|doi = 10.1163/_afco_asc_441}}</ref> a 1980 survey by Bernd Heine and Wilhelm Möhlig estimated there to be 100,000 speakers of Tiriki. The 17th ed. of the Ethnologue<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ethnologue. Languages of the World|doi = 10.1163/_afco_asc_441}}</ref> indicates a Tiriki-speaking population of 210,000 based on the 2009 Kenyan census, which surveyed ethnicity not language.

==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Consonants<ref name=ingonga91>{{cite thesis |last=Ingonga |first=Lilian I. |date=1991|title=A comparative study of Ekegusii, Lulogooli, and Lwitakho: the phonological, lexical and morphosyntactic structures |publisher=Kenyatta University | publication-place=Nairobi}}</ref>
!
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[Plosive]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|
|{{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
![[Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]]
|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}
|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}, {{IPA link|ⁿz}}
|{{IPA link|ⁿdʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ᵑg}}
|
|-
![[Affricate]]
|
|{{IPA link|ts}}
|{{IPA link|tʃ}}
|
|
|-
![[Fricative]]
|{{IPA link|f}}, {{IPA link|β}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
![[Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|{{IPA link|l}}
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowels<ref name=ingonga91/>
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|High]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Near-close vowel|Near-high]]
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Low]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>

{{Languages of Kenya}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Languages of Kenya]]
[[Category:Languages of Kenya]]

Latest revision as of 20:25, 27 June 2024

Idakho, Isukha, and Tirikhi
Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi
Native toKenya
EthnicityIdakho, Isukha, Tiriki
Native speakers
600,000 (2009 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ida
Glottologidak1243
JE.411–413[2]

Idakho, Isukha, and Tiriki (Luidakho, Luisukha, Lutirichi) are mutually intelligible Kenyan languages within the Luhya ethnic group. They are a set of languages closely related to some other Luhya ethnic groups like Maragoli, but less so in comparison to others, like Bukusu,Tachoni or Samia.

Tiriki

[edit]

Tiriki, or known by the autoglossonym Lutirichi, is a language variety spoken in western Kenya and eastern Uganda[3] within the Luyia language family. It is the southeasternmost of the Luyia dialects, spoken primarily in Hamisi Constituency in Vihiga County, Western Province, Kenya. As reported in the 15th ed. of the Ethnologue,[4] a 1980 survey by Bernd Heine and Wilhelm Möhlig estimated there to be 100,000 speakers of Tiriki. The 17th ed. of the Ethnologue[5] indicates a Tiriki-speaking population of 210,000 based on the 2009 Kenyan census, which surveyed ethnicity not language.

Phonology

[edit]
Consonants[6]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p t k
Prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd, ⁿz ⁿdʒ ᵑg
Affricate ts tʃ
Fricative f, β s ʃ h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant w l j
Vowels[6]
Front Central Back
High i u
Near-high ɪ ʊ
Mid e o
Low a

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Idakho, Isukha, and Tirikhi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ Kanyoro, Rachel (April 1985). "Bernd Heine, The Waata Dialect of Oromo: grammatical sketch and vocabulary, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, vol. 4, Berlin: Reimer, 1981, 72 pp., DM45, paperback. - Duncan Okoth-Okombo, Dholuo Morphophonemics in Generative Framework, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, supplement 2, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 118 pp., DM50, paperback. - Lucia Ndong'a Omondi, The Major Syntactic Structures of Dholuo, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, supplement 1, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 386 pp., DM118, paperback. - Bernd Heine, The Nubi Language of Kibera: an Arabic Creole grammatical sketch and vocabulary, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, vol. 3, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 84 pp., DM43, paperback. - Bernd Heine, Boni Dialects, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, vol. 10, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 152 pp., DM118, paperback. - Chet A. Creider, Studies in Kalenjin Nominal Tonology, Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya, supplement 3, Berlin: Reimer, 1982, 158 pp., DM68, paperback". Africa. 55 (2): 228–232. doi:10.2307/1160314. ISSN 0001-9720. JSTOR 1160314.
  4. ^ "Ethnologue. Languages of the World". doi:10.1163/_afco_asc_441. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Ethnologue. Languages of the World". doi:10.1163/_afco_asc_441. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ a b Ingonga, Lilian I. (1991). A comparative study of Ekegusii, Lulogooli, and Lwitakho: the phonological, lexical and morphosyntactic structures (Thesis). Nairobi: Kenyatta University.
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