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Coordinates: 30°11′53.70″N 120°07′35.70″E / 30.1982500°N 120.1265833°E / 30.1982500; 120.1265833
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{{coord|30|11|53.70|N|120|07|35.70|E|display=title|type:landmark}}
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[[Image:Liuhe Pagoda.jpg|alt=Thirteen storied octagonal tower, each story with a gracefully projecting roof.|thumb|200px|Liuhe Pagoda]]
[[File:20240128 Liuhe Pagoda 01.jpg|alt=Thirteen storied octagonal tower, each story with a gracefully projecting roof.|thumb|200px|Liuhe Pagoda]]
{{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=200|zoom=14|type=shape}}
'''Liuhe Pagoda''' ({{zh|c=六和塔|p=Liùhé Tǎ}}), literally '''Six Harmonies Pagoda''', is a multi-story Chinese [[pagoda]] in southern [[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]] province, [[China]]. It is located at the foot of Yuelun Hill, facing the [[Qiantang River]]. It was originally constructed in 970 AD during the [[Northern Song dynasty]] (960–1127), destroyed in 1121, and reconstructed fully by 1165, during the [[Southern Song dynasty]] (1127–1279).
'''Liuhe Pagoda''' ({{zh|c=六和塔|p=Liùhé Tǎ''; [[Wu Chinese|Wu]]:'' Loh-vhu Da}}), literally '''Six Harmonies Pagoda''', is a multi-story Chinese [[pagoda]] in southern [[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]] province, [[China]]. It is located at the foot of Yuelun Hill, facing the [[Qiantang River]]. It was originally constructed in 970 by the [[Wuyue]] Kingdom, destroyed in 1121, and reconstructed fully by 1165, during the [[Southern Song dynasty]] (1127–1279).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/zhejiang/hangzhou/liuhe_pagoda.htm | title=Six Harmonies Pagoda (Liuhe Pagoda) | accessdate=23 August 2016}}</ref>


==History and background==
==History and background==
The pagoda was originally constructed by the ruler of the [[Wuyue]] kingdom, some of which would later makeup Zhejiang province. The name ''Liuhe'' comes from the six [[Buddhist]] ordinances and it is said that the reason for building the pagoda was to calm the [[tidal bore]] of the Qiantang River and as a navigational aid. However, the pagoda was completely destroyed during warfare in the year 1121.
The pagoda was originally constructed by the ruler of the [[Wuyue]] Kingdom, whose capital was Hangzhou. The name ''Liuhe'' comes from the six [[Buddhist]] ordinances and it is said that the reason for building the pagoda was to calm the [[tidal bore]] of the Qiantang River and as a navigational aid. However, the pagoda was completely destroyed during warfare in the year 1121.


⚫
After the current pagoda was constructed of wood and brick during the Southern Song dynasty, additional exterior eaves were added during the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] (1368–1644) and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] Dynasties (1644–1911). The pagoda is octagonal in shape and some {{convert|59.89|m}} in height, it also has the appearance of being a thirteen-story structure, though it only has seven interior stories. There is a spiral staircase leading to the top floor and upon each of the seven ceilings are carved and painted figures including animals, flowers, birds and characters. Each story of the pagoda consists of four elements, the exterior walls, a zigzagged corridor, the interior walls and a small chamber. Viewed from outside, the pagoda appears to be layered-bright on the upper surface and dark underneath. That is a harmonious alternation of light and shade.
⚫
[[Image:Six Harmonies ca 1891.jpg|alt=Old drawing of the pagoda|thumb|150px|left|The pagoda was in disrepair before 1900]]
⚫
After the current pagoda was constructed of wood and brick during the Southern Song dynasty, additional exterior eaves were added during the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] (1368–1644) and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] Dynasties (1644–1911). The pagoda is octagonal in shape and some {{convert|59.89|m}} in height, it also has the appearance of being a thirteen-storey structure, though it only has seven interior stories. There is a spiral staircase leading to the top floor and upon each of the seven ceilings are carved and painted figures including animals, flowers, birds and characters. Each story of the pagoda consists of four elements, the exterior walls, a zigzagged corridor, the interior walls and a small chamber. Viewed from outside, the pagoda appears to be layered-bright on the upper surface and dark underneath. That is a harmonious alternation of light and shade.


According to historian [[Joseph Needham]], the pagoda also served as a lighthouse along the Qiantang River. Being of considerable size and stature, it actually served as a permanent [[lighthouse]] from nearly its beginning, to aid [[sailor]]s in seeking [[anchor]]age for their ships at night (as described in the ''Hangzhou Fu Zhi'').<ref name="Needham 662">Needham, 662.</ref>
According to the British sinologist and historian [[Joseph Needham]], the pagoda also served as a lighthouse along the Qiantang River. Being of considerable size and stature, it actually served as a permanent [[lighthouse]] from nearly its beginning, to aid [[sailor]]s in seeking [[anchor]]age for their ships at night (as described in the ''Hangzhou Fu Zhi'').<ref name="Needham 662">Needham, 662.</ref>


A small "Pagoda Park" has recently been opened nearby. Its exhibition features models of ancient Chinese pagodas and illustrates the variety of different designs, as well as history, culture and symbols associated with the pagoda.<ref>[http://www.ineedhotel.com/hangzhou/tour/sight/sights.html Sightseeing In Hangzhou]</ref>
A small "Pagoda Park" has recently been opened nearby. Its exhibition features models of ancient Chinese pagodas and illustrates the variety of different designs, as well as history, culture and symbols associated with the pagoda.<ref>[http://www.ineedhotel.com/hangzhou/tour/sight/sights.html Sightseeing In Hangzhou]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.china.org.cn/travel/cultural_relics/2012-04/09/content_25996075.htm | title=Liuhe Pagoda | accessdate=23 August 2016}}</ref>


{{Gallery
{{Gallery
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|Image:Six Harmonies ca 1891.jpg|The pagoda was in disrepair before 1900
|lines=1
|File:Hangzhou Liuhe Ta 20120518-05.jpg|
|File:Hangzhou Liuhe Ta 20120518-05.jpg|
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Burmese pagoda]]
*[[Chinese architecture]]
*[[Chinese architecture]]
*[[Architecture of the Song dynasty]]
*[[Architecture of the Song dynasty]]
*[[Chaitya]] & [[Stupa]]
*[[List of tallest structures built before the 20th century]]


==References==
== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Sources==
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
*Needham, Joseph (1986). ''Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civic Engineering and Nautics''. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
* Needham, Joseph (1986). ''Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civic Engineering and Nautics''. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Liuhe Pagoda}}
{{Commons category|Liuhe Pagoda}}
*[http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34544.htm Six Harmonies Pagoda]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070410040232/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34544.htm Six Harmonies Pagoda]
*{{Osmway|159184108}}
*[https://architecturasinica.org/place/000284 Liuhe Pagoda, Architectura Sinica Site Archive]


[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 10th century]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1165]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1165]]
[[Category:970 establishments]]
[[Category:Chinese pagodas]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 970s]]
[[Category:Chinese architectural history]]
[[Category:Pagodas in China]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hangzhou]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Hangzhou]]
⚫
[[Category:Song dynasty]]
[[Category:Song dynasty architecture]]
[[Category:Song dynasty architecture]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Hangzhou]]
[[Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Zhejiang]]
⚫
[[Category:Wuyue architecture]]
[[Category:10th-century establishments in China]]
[[Category:10th-century Buddhist temples]]

Latest revision as of 02:27, 28 June 2024

30°11′53.70″N 120°07′35.70″E / 30.1982500°N 120.1265833°E / 30.1982500; 120.1265833

Thirteen storied octagonal tower, each story with a gracefully projecting roof.
Liuhe Pagoda
Map
Map

Liuhe Pagoda (Chinese: 六和塔; pinyin: Liùhé Tǎ; Wu: Loh-vhu Da), literally Six Harmonies Pagoda, is a multi-story Chinese pagoda in southern Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. It is located at the foot of Yuelun Hill, facing the Qiantang River. It was originally constructed in 970 by the Wuyue Kingdom, destroyed in 1121, and reconstructed fully by 1165, during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).[1]

History and background

[edit]

The pagoda was originally constructed by the ruler of the Wuyue Kingdom, whose capital was Hangzhou. The name Liuhe comes from the six Buddhist ordinances and it is said that the reason for building the pagoda was to calm the tidal bore of the Qiantang River and as a navigational aid. However, the pagoda was completely destroyed during warfare in the year 1121.

After the current pagoda was constructed of wood and brick during the Southern Song dynasty, additional exterior eaves were added during the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing Dynasties (1644–1911). The pagoda is octagonal in shape and some 59.89 metres (196.5 ft) in height, it also has the appearance of being a thirteen-story structure, though it only has seven interior stories. There is a spiral staircase leading to the top floor and upon each of the seven ceilings are carved and painted figures including animals, flowers, birds and characters. Each story of the pagoda consists of four elements, the exterior walls, a zigzagged corridor, the interior walls and a small chamber. Viewed from outside, the pagoda appears to be layered-bright on the upper surface and dark underneath. That is a harmonious alternation of light and shade.

According to the British sinologist and historian Joseph Needham, the pagoda also served as a lighthouse along the Qiantang River. Being of considerable size and stature, it actually served as a permanent lighthouse from nearly its beginning, to aid sailors in seeking anchorage for their ships at night (as described in the Hangzhou Fu Zhi).[2]

A small "Pagoda Park" has recently been opened nearby. Its exhibition features models of ancient Chinese pagodas and illustrates the variety of different designs, as well as history, culture and symbols associated with the pagoda.[3][4]

  • The pagoda was in disrepair before 1900
    The pagoda was in disrepair before 1900

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Six Harmonies Pagoda (Liuhe Pagoda)". Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  2. ^ Needham, 662.
  3. ^ Sightseeing In Hangzhou
  4. ^ "Liuhe Pagoda". Retrieved 23 August 2016.

Sources

[edit]
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civic Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
[edit]
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