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{{Short description|Bantu languages of Tanzania}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Tongwe
|name=Tongwe
|nativename=Bende
|nativename=''Bende''
|region=
|region=
|states=[[Tanzania]]
|states=[[Tanzania]]
|speakers=40,000
|speakers=40,000
|date=1999–2001
|speakersdate=1999 |speakersdateadd=–2001
|ref=e18
|ethnicity=
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo]]
|fam4=[[Bantoid]]
|fam4=[[Southern Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ([[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone F|Zone F.10]])
|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ([[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone F|Zone F.10]])
|dia1=Tongwe
|dia1=Tongwe
|dia2=Bende
|dia2=Bende
|lc1=tny|ld1=Tongwe|ll1=none
|lc1=tny|ld1=Tongwe
|lc2=bdp|ld2=Bende|ll2=none
|lc2=bdp|ld2=Bende
|guthrie=F.10 (F.11–12)
|glotto=tong1320
|glottoname=Tongwe
|glotto2=bend1258
|glottoname2=Bende
|ELP=10413
|ELPname=Bende
}}
}}
⚫
'''Tongwe''' (''Sitongwe'') and '''Bende''' (''Sibende'') constitute a clade of [[Bantu language]]s coded Zone F.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), they form a valid node. Indeed, at 90% lexical similarity they may be dialects of a single language.


⚫
'''Tongwe''' (''Sitongwe'') and '''Bende''' (''Sibende'') constitute a clade of [[Bantu language]]s coded Zone F.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003),<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Nurse |editor1-first=Derek |editor2-last=Philippson |editor2-first=Gérard |title=The Bantu languages |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=9780700711345}}</ref> they form a valid node. Indeed, at 90% lexical similarity they may be dialects of a single language.
==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Consonants<ref name=abe06>{{Cite journal |last=Abe |first=Yuko |date=2006 |title=A Bende Vocabulary |journal=Bantu Vocabulary Series |publisher=Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies |issue=13}}</ref>
!
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[Plosive]]
|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|c}} {{IPA link|ɟ}}
|{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}}
|
|-
![[Fricative]]
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|s}} {{IPA link|z}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
![[Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowels<ref name=abe06/>
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|High]]
|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}
|
|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Low]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|ã}} {{IPA link|aː}}
|
|}

Additionally, Bende has four [[Tone (linguistics)|tones]];<ref name=abe06/> high, low, rising, and falling.
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
*Nurse & Philippson (2003), ''The Bantu Languages.''

<ref>[https://clics.clld.org/languages/tls-Bende Bende Wordlist]</ref>

{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}


[[Category:Bantu languages]]
[[Category:Bantu languages]]




{{nc-lang-stub}}
{{Bantu-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 07:42, 28 June 2024

Tongwe
Bende
Native toTanzania
Native speakers
(40,000 cited 1999–2001)[1]
Dialects
  • Tongwe
  • Bende
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
tny – Tongwe
bdp – Bende
Glottologtong1320  Tongwe
bend1258  Bende
F.10 (F.11–12)[2]
ELPBende

Tongwe (Sitongwe) and Bende (Sibende) constitute a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone F.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003),[3] they form a valid node. Indeed, at 90% lexical similarity they may be dialects of a single language.

Phonology

[edit]
Consonants[4]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d c ɟ k g
Fricative f s z h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant w j
Vowels[4]
Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a ã aː

Additionally, Bende has four tones;[4] high, low, rising, and falling.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Tongwe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Bende at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ Nurse, Derek; Philippson, Gérard, eds. (2003). The Bantu languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780700711345.
  4. ^ a b c Abe, Yuko (2006). "A Bende Vocabulary". Bantu Vocabulary Series (13). Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.

[1]


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This Bantu language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  1. ^ Bende Wordlist
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