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Cheirogaleids are [[omnivore]]s, eating fruits, flowers and leaves (and sometimes nectar), as well as insects, spiders, and small vertebrates.<ref name=EoM/>
Cheirogaleids are [[omnivore]]s, eating fruits, flowers and leaves (and sometimes nectar), as well as insects, spiders, and small vertebrates.<ref name=EoM/>


The females usually have three pairs of nipples. After a meager 60-day gestation, they will bear two to four (usually two or three) young. After five to six weeks, the young are weaned and become fully mature near the end of their first year or sometime in their second year, depending on the species. In human care, they can live for up to 15 years, although their life expectancy in the wild is probably significantly shorter so high ya
The females usually have three pairs of nipples. After a meager 60-day gestation, they will bear two to four (usually two or three) young. After five to six weeks, the young are weaned and become fully mature near the end of their first year or sometime in their second year, depending on the species. In human care, they can live for up to 15 years, although their life expectancy in the wild is probably significantly shorter.


==Classification==
==Classification==
{{Main|List of lemuroids}}
⚫
The five [[genus|genera]] of cheirogaleids contain 42 [[species]].<ref name=Mittermeier2008>{{cite journal|title=Lemur Diversity in Madagascar|author=Mittermeier, R.|author-link=Russell Mittermeier|author2=Ganzhorn, J., Konstant, W., Glander, K., Tattersall, I., [[Colin Groves|Groves, C.]], Rylands, A., Hapke, A., Ratsimbazafy, J., Mayor, M., Louis, E., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C. & Rasoloarison, R.|journal=International Journal of Primatology|doi=10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y|pages=1607–1656|volume=29|issue=6|date=December 2008|hdl=10161/6237|s2cid=17614597}}</ref><ref name=Louis>{{cite journal | title = Revision of the Mouse Lemurs (''Microcebus'') of Eastern Madagascar | pages = 347–389 |author1=Edward E. Louis |author2=Melissa S. Coles |author3=Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana |author4=Julie A. Sommer |author5=Shannon E. Engberg |author6=John R. Zaonarivelo |author7=Mireya I. Mayor |author8=Rick A. Brenneman | journal = International Journal of Primatology | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1007/s10764-006-9036-1| s2cid = 56920 }}</ref><ref name=Radespiel>{{cite journal | author = Radespiel, Ute | year = 2008 | title = Exceptional diversity of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in the Makira region with the description of one new species | journal = American Journal of Primatology | volume = 70 | doi = 10.1002/ajp.20592 | pages = 1033–46| pmid = 18626970 | issue = 11| s2cid = 205328907 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="new_Microcebus01">{{cite journal |url=http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/PC23.new.microcebus.V3.pdf |author1=Edward E. Louis Jr. |author2=Shannon E. Engberg |author3=Susie M. McGuire |author4=Marilyn J. McCormick |author5=Richard Randriamampionona |author6=Jean Freddy Ranaivoarisoa |author7=Carolyn A. Bailey |author8=Russell A. Mittermeier |author9=Runhua Lei |title=Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus(Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest |journal=Primate Conservation |year=2008 |volume=23 |pages=19–38 |doi=10.1896/052.023.0103 |s2cid=84533039 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205163701/http://primate-sg.org/PDF/PC23.new.microcebus.V3.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-05 }}</ref>

⚫
The five [[genus|genera]] of cheirogaleids contain 42 [[species]].<ref name=Mittermeier2008>{{cite journal|title=Lemur Diversity in Madagascar|author=Mittermeier, R.|author-link=Russell Mittermeier|author2=Ganzhorn, J., Konstant, W., Glander, K., Tattersall, I., [[Colin Groves|Groves, C.]], Rylands, A., Hapke, A., Ratsimbazafy, J., Mayor, M., Louis, E., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C. & Rasoloarison, R.|journal=International Journal of Primatology|doi=10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y|pages=1607–1656|volume=29|issue=6|date=December 2008|hdl=10161/6237|s2cid=17614597|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Louis>{{cite journal | title = Revision of the Mouse Lemurs (''Microcebus'') of Eastern Madagascar | pages = 347–389 |author1=Edward E. Louis |author2=Melissa S. Coles |author3=Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana |author4=Julie A. Sommer |author5=Shannon E. Engberg |author6=John R. Zaonarivelo |author7=Mireya I. Mayor |author8=Rick A. Brenneman | journal = International Journal of Primatology | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1007/s10764-006-9036-1| s2cid = 56920 }}</ref><ref name=Radespiel>{{cite journal | author = Radespiel, Ute | year = 2008 | title = Exceptional diversity of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in the Makira region with the description of one new species | journal = American Journal of Primatology | volume = 70 | doi = 10.1002/ajp.20592 | pages = 1033–46| pmid = 18626970 | issue = 11| s2cid = 205328907 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="new_Microcebus01">{{cite journal |url=http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/PC23.new.microcebus.V3.pdf |author1=Edward E. Louis Jr. |author2=Shannon E. Engberg |author3=Susie M. McGuire |author4=Marilyn J. McCormick |author5=Richard Randriamampionona |author6=Jean Freddy Ranaivoarisoa |author7=Carolyn A. Bailey |author8=Russell A. Mittermeier |author9=Runhua Lei |title=Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus(Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest |journal=Primate Conservation |year=2008 |volume=23 |pages=19–38 |doi=10.1896/052.023.0103 |s2cid=84533039 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205163701/http://primate-sg.org/PDF/PC23.new.microcebus.V3.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-05 }}</ref>


* Infraorder Lemuriformes
* Infraorder Lemuriformes
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**** [[Boraha mouse lemur]] ''[[Microcebus boraha]]''<ref name="Hotaling"/>
**** [[Boraha mouse lemur]] ''[[Microcebus boraha]]''<ref name="Hotaling"/>
**** [[Danfoss' mouse lemur]] ''[[Microcebus danfossi]]''<ref name="nature" />
**** [[Danfoss' mouse lemur]] ''[[Microcebus danfossi]]''<ref name="nature" />
**** [[Ganzhorn's mouse lemur]]. ''[[Microcebus ganzhorni]]''<ref name="Hotaling">{{cite journal |author1=Scott Hotaling |author2=Mary E. Foley |author3=Nicolette M. Lawrence |author4=Jose Bocanegra |author5=Marina B. Blanco |author6=Rodin Rasoloarison |author7=Peter M. Kappeler |author8=Meredith A. Barrett |author9=Anne D. Yoder |author10=David W. Weisrock |year=2016 |title=Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume= 25|issue= 9|pages= 2029–2045|doi=10.1111/mec.13604 |pmid=26946180|s2cid=43912903 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
**** [[Ganzhorn's mouse lemur]]. ''[[Microcebus ganzhorni]]''<ref name="Hotaling">{{cite journal |author1=Scott Hotaling |author2=Mary E. Foley |author3=Nicolette M. Lawrence |author4=Jose Bocanegra |author5=Marina B. Blanco |author6=Rodin Rasoloarison |author7=Peter M. Kappeler |author8=Meredith A. Barrett |author9=Anne D. Yoder |author10=David W. Weisrock |year=2016 |title=Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume= 25|issue= 9|pages= 2029–2045|doi=10.1111/mec.13604 |pmid=26946180|s2cid=43912903 |doi-access= |bibcode=2016MolEc..25.2029H }}</ref>
**** [[Gerp's mouse lemur]]. ''[[Microcebus gerpi]]''<ref name=Radespiel2>{{Cite journal | last1 = Radespiel | first1 = U. | last2 = Ratsimbazafy | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Rasoloharijaona | first3 = S. | last4 = Raveloson | first4 = H. | last5 = Andriaholinirina | first5 = N. | last6 = Rakotondravony | first6 = R. | last7 = Randrianarison | first7 = R. M. | last8 = Randrianambinina | first8 = B. | doi = 10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2 | title = First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (''Microcebus'' spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar | journal = Primates | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 157–170 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22198090| s2cid = 8473176 }}</ref>
**** [[Gerp's mouse lemur]]. ''[[Microcebus gerpi]]''<ref name=Radespiel2>{{Cite journal | last1 = Radespiel | first1 = U. | last2 = Ratsimbazafy | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Rasoloharijaona | first3 = S. | last4 = Raveloson | first4 = H. | last5 = Andriaholinirina | first5 = N. | last6 = Rakotondravony | first6 = R. | last7 = Randrianarison | first7 = R. M. | last8 = Randrianambinina | first8 = B. | doi = 10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2 | title = First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (''Microcebus'' spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar | journal = Primates | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 157–170 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22198090| s2cid = 8473176 }}</ref>
**** [[Reddish-gray mouse lemur]], ''[[Microcebus griseorufus]]''
**** [[Reddish-gray mouse lemur]], ''[[Microcebus griseorufus]]''
Line 77: Line 79:
**** [[Simmons' mouse lemur]], ''[[Microcebus simmonsi]]''
**** [[Simmons' mouse lemur]], ''[[Microcebus simmonsi]]''
**** [[Anosy mouse lemur]]. ''[[Microcebus tanosi]]''<ref name="Rasoloarison et al.">{{cite journal|last1=Rasoloarison |first1=Rodin M. |first2=David W. |last2=Weisrock |first3=Anne D. |last3=Yoder |first4=Daniel |last4=Rakotondravony |first5=Peter M. |last5=Kappeler |year=2013|title=Two New Species of Mouse Lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar |journal=[[International Journal of Primatology]]|pages=1–15 |doi=10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1 |volume=34|issue=3 |s2cid=17860060 }}</ref><ref name="LiveScience SP">{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/28172-two-mouse-lemurs-new-species.html |title=Tiny Lemur Twins Are 2 New Species |first=Stephanie |last=Pappas |work=[[LiveScience]] |date=26 March 2013}}</ref>
**** [[Anosy mouse lemur]]. ''[[Microcebus tanosi]]''<ref name="Rasoloarison et al.">{{cite journal|last1=Rasoloarison |first1=Rodin M. |first2=David W. |last2=Weisrock |first3=Anne D. |last3=Yoder |first4=Daniel |last4=Rakotondravony |first5=Peter M. |last5=Kappeler |year=2013|title=Two New Species of Mouse Lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar |journal=[[International Journal of Primatology]]|pages=1–15 |doi=10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1 |volume=34|issue=3 |s2cid=17860060 }}</ref><ref name="LiveScience SP">{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/28172-two-mouse-lemurs-new-species.html |title=Tiny Lemur Twins Are 2 New Species |first=Stephanie |last=Pappas |work=[[LiveScience]] |date=26 March 2013}}</ref>
**** [[Northern rufous mouse lemur]], ''[[Microcebus tavaratra]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schüßler|first1=Dominik|last2=Blanco|first2=Marina B.|last3=Salmona|first3=Jordi|last4=Poelstra|first4=Jelmer|last5=Andriambeloson|first5=Jean B. |last6=Miller |first6=Alex |last7=Randrianambinina |first7=Blanchard |last8=Rasolofoson |first8=David W.|last9=Mantilla‐Contreras|first9=Jasmin|last10=Chikhi|first10=Lounès|last11=Louis|first11=Edward E.|title=Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species |journal=American Journal of Primatology|year=2020|volume=82|issue=9|language=en|pages=e23180|doi=10.1002/ajp.23180|pmid=32716088|issn=1098-2345|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**** [[Northern rufous mouse lemur]], ''[[Microcebus tavaratra]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schüßler|first1=Dominik|last2=Blanco|first2=Marina B.|last3=Salmona|first3=Jordi|last4=Poelstra|first4=Jelmer|last5=Andriambeloson|first5=Jean B. |last6=Miller |first6=Alex |last7=Randrianambinina |first7=Blanchard |last8=Rasolofoson |first8=David W.|last9=Mantilla-Contreras|first9=Jasmin|last10=Chikhi|first10=Lounès|last11=Louis|first11=Edward E.|title=Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species |journal=American Journal of Primatology|year=2020|volume=82|issue=9|language=en|pages=e23180|doi=10.1002/ajp.23180|pmid=32716088|issn=1098-2345|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*** Genus ''[[Giant mouse lemur|Mirza]]'': giant mouse lemurs
*** Genus ''[[Giant mouse lemur|Mirza]]'': giant mouse lemurs
**** [[Coquerel's giant mouse lemur]] or Coquerel's dwarf lemur, ''[[Mirza coquereli]]''
**** [[Coquerel's giant mouse lemur]] or Coquerel's dwarf lemur, ''[[Mirza coquereli]]''
Line 102: Line 104:
{{Cheirogaleidae nav}}
{{Cheirogaleidae nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q271785}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q271785}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Lemurs]]
[[Category:Lemurs]]

Latest revision as of 13:21, 28 June 2024

Cheirogaleidae
Brown mouse lemur (Microcebus rufus)
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Superfamily: Lemuroidea
Family: Cheirogaleidae
Gray, 1873
Type genus
Cheirogaleus
Genera
Synonyms[2]
  • Microcebina Gray, 1870[a]
  • Cheirogalina Gray, 1872

The Cheirogaleidae are the family of strepsirrhine primates containing the various dwarf and mouse lemurs. Like all other lemurs, cheirogaleids live exclusively on the island of Madagascar.

Characteristics

[edit]

Cheirogaleids are smaller than the other lemurs and, in fact, they are the smallest primates. They have soft, long fur, colored grey-brown to reddish on top, with a generally brighter underbelly. Typically, they have small ears, large, close-set eyes, and long hind legs. Like all strepsirrhines, they have fine claws at the second toe of the hind legs. They grow to a size of only 13 to 28 cm, with a tail that is very long, sometimes up to one and a half times as long as the body. They weigh no more than 500 grams, with some species weighing as little as 60 grams.[3]

Dwarf and mouse lemurs are nocturnal and arboreal. They are excellent climbers and can also jump far, using their long tails for balance. When on the ground (a rare occurrence), they move by hopping on their hind legs. They spend the day in tree hollows or leaf nests. Cheirogaleids are typically solitary, but sometimes live together in pairs.

Their eyes possess a tapetum lucidum, a light-reflecting layer that improves their night vision. Some species, such as the lesser dwarf lemur, store fat at the hind legs and the base of the tail, and hibernate. Unlike lemurids, they have long upper incisors, although they do have the comb-like teeth typical of all strepsirhines. They have the dental formula: 2.1.3.32.1.3.3

Cheirogaleids are omnivores, eating fruits, flowers and leaves (and sometimes nectar), as well as insects, spiders, and small vertebrates.[3]

The females usually have three pairs of nipples. After a meager 60-day gestation, they will bear two to four (usually two or three) young. After five to six weeks, the young are weaned and become fully mature near the end of their first year or sometime in their second year, depending on the species. In human care, they can live for up to 15 years, although their life expectancy in the wild is probably significantly shorter.

Classification

[edit]
Main article: List of lemuroids

The five genera of cheirogaleids contain 42 species.[4][5][6][7]

Footnotes

[edit]
  • a According to the letter of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the correct name for this family should be Microcebidae, but the name Cheirogaleidae has been retained for stability.[2]
  • b In 2008, 7 new species of Microcebus were formally recognized,[4] but Microcebus lokobensis (Lokobe mouse lemur) was not among the additions, even though it was described in 2006. Therefore, its status as a species is still questionable.

References

[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Cheirogaleoidea.
Wikispecies has information related to Cheirogaleidae.
  1. ^ "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b McKenna, MC; Bell, SK (1997). Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. p. 334. ISBN 0-231-11013-8.
  3. ^ a b Martin, Robert D. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 126–127. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
  4. ^ a b c Mittermeier, R.; Ganzhorn, J., Konstant, W., Glander, K., Tattersall, I., Groves, C., Rylands, A., Hapke, A., Ratsimbazafy, J., Mayor, M., Louis, E., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C. & Rasoloarison, R. (December 2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y. hdl:10161/6237. S2CID 17614597.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Edward E. Louis; Melissa S. Coles; Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana; Julie A. Sommer; Shannon E. Engberg; John R. Zaonarivelo; Mireya I. Mayor; Rick A. Brenneman (2006). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus) of Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 27 (2): 347–389. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9036-1. S2CID 56920.
  6. ^ Radespiel, Ute; et al. (2008). "Exceptional diversity of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in the Makira region with the description of one new species". American Journal of Primatology. 70 (11): 1033–46. doi:10.1002/ajp.20592. PMID 18626970. S2CID 205328907.
  7. ^ a b c Edward E. Louis Jr.; Shannon E. Engberg; Susie M. McGuire; Marilyn J. McCormick; Richard Randriamampionona; Jean Freddy Ranaivoarisoa; Carolyn A. Bailey; Russell A. Mittermeier; Runhua Lei (2008). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus(Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 23: 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID 84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-05.
  8. ^ Ganzhorn, J.; Donati, G.; Eppley, T.M.; Lahann, P.; Rakotondranary, S.J.; Ramanamanjato, J.-B; Randriantafika, F.M. (2020). "Cheirogaleus thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163022885A163312222. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022885A163312222.en. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  9. ^ a b c Stafford, Ned (2006-11-20). "Nature News: Lemur boom on Madagascar". Nature: news061120–15. doi:10.1038/news061120-15. S2CID 84701328. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  10. ^ a b c Scott Hotaling; Mary E. Foley; Nicolette M. Lawrence; Jose Bocanegra; Marina B. Blanco; Rodin Rasoloarison; Peter M. Kappeler; Meredith A. Barrett; Anne D. Yoder; David W. Weisrock (2016). "Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs". Molecular Ecology. 25 (9): 2029–2045. Bibcode:2016MolEc..25.2029H. doi:10.1111/mec.13604. PMID 26946180. S2CID 43912903.
  11. ^ Radespiel, U.; Ratsimbazafy, J. H.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Raveloson, H.; Andriaholinirina, N.; Rakotondravony, R.; Randrianarison, R. M.; Randrianambinina, B. (2011). "First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar". Primates. 53 (2): 157–170. doi:10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2. PMID 22198090. S2CID 8473176.
  12. ^ "New Primate Species Discovered on Madagascar". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  13. ^ a b Rasoloarison, Rodin M.; Weisrock, David W.; Yoder, Anne D.; Rakotondravony, Daniel; Kappeler, Peter M. (2013). "Two New Species of Mouse Lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 34 (3): 1–15. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID 17860060.
  14. ^ a b Pappas, Stephanie (26 March 2013). "Tiny Lemur Twins Are 2 New Species". LiveScience.
  15. ^ Schüßler, Dominik; Blanco, Marina B.; Salmona, Jordi; Poelstra, Jelmer; Andriambeloson, Jean B.; Miller, Alex; Randrianambinina, Blanchard; Rasolofoson, David W.; Mantilla-Contreras, Jasmin; Chikhi, Lounès; Louis, Edward E. (2020). "Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species". American Journal of Primatology. 82 (9): e23180. doi:10.1002/ajp.23180. ISSN 1098-2345. PMID 32716088.
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