Bicuari National Park: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|National park in Angola}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} |
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{{Infobox protected area |
{{Infobox protected area |
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| name = |
| name = Bicuari/Huíla National Park |
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| alt_name = Bicuar National Park |
| alt_name = Bicuar National Park |
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| iucn_category = II |
| iucn_category = II |
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| photo = |
| photo = Parque Nacional do Bicuar.png |
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| photo_caption = Marshy area of Bicuar National Park |
| photo_caption = Marshy area of Bicuar National Park |
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| location = |
| location = [[Huíla Province]], [[Angola]] |
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| nearest_city = Lubango |
| nearest_city = [[Lubango]] |
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| map = Angola |relief=1 |
| map = Angola |relief=1 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|15.28977489|S|14.80722216|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| area = {{convert|7900|sqkm|abbr=on}} |
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| lat_d = -15.28977489 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = |
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| established = {{Start date|1964}} |
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| area = 7900 km² |
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| visitation_num = |
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| visitation_num = |
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''' |
'''Bicuari National Park''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: Parque Nacional do Bicuar; also called '''Bicuar National Park''' or '''Bikuar/Huíla National Park''') is a [[List of national parks of Angola|national park]] in [[Angola]]. It is located in the south-west region of the country on the [[Huíla Plateau]], about 120 km southeast of [[Lubango]]. The park is an area of sandy hills and shrub thicket character. The climate is tropical semi-arid. Bicuar was established as a hunting reserve in 1938, and reformed as a national park in 1964. Historically known for its large mammals, such as the black buffalo, the park suffered heavily in the [[Angolan Civil War]] (1975–2002). During this time the animals were mostly or entirely exterminated, but the Angolan Government is now undertaking efforts to rebuild the infrastructure and resettle the animals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Framework Report on Angola's Biodiversity, 2009 |url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ao/ao-nr-04-en.pdf |work=Republic of Angola, Ministry of Environment, 2004 |accessdate=16 March 2015}}</ref> |
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==Natural features== |
==Natural features== |
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The park is bordered on the |
The park is bordered on the east by the [[Cunene River]], one of the few perennial rivers in the region. The dominant vegetation is described as [[Angolan miombo woodlands]] and [[Angolan mopane woodlands]], an area of savanna and woodlands on the plateau east of the coastal hills.<ref>{{cite web |title=118/119 Biodiversity and Tropical Forest Assessment for Angola |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADL906.pdf |work=USAID, May 2008 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> Portions of the park are seasonally wet or wetland swamps and [[dambo]] grasslands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wetlands 5.1, Angola |url=http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/ANGOLA.pdf |work=Wetlands International, Ramsar Sites Information Service, p. 12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512153617/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/ANGOLA.pdf |archivedate=12 May 2014}}</ref> |
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The Bicuar stands at the northern end of a distinct ecoregion known as the Angolan |
The Bicuar stands at the northern end of a distinct ecoregion known as the Angolan mopane woodlands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Angolan Mopane Woodland |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150069/ |work=Ecoregions, World Wildlife Fund |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035140/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150069/ |archivedate=29 November 2014}}</ref> The area is known for high species richness, variable rainfall, and the importance of [[mopane]] trees to the animals and people of the region. |
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The climate of Bicuari is described under the [[Köppen climate classification]] system as |
The climate of Bicuari is described under the [[Köppen climate classification]] system as [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)|temperate highland tropical climate with dry winters (Cwb)]], and the warmest months' temperatures average below 22 °C. Average rainfall is 600–800 mm/year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate of the Kunene Basin |url=http://www.kunenerak.org/en/river/climate+and+weather/climate+of+the+kunene+river+basin/climatic+classification.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209192209/http://www.kunenerak.org/en/river/climate%2Band%2Bweather/climate%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bkunene%2Briver%2Bbasin/climatic%2Bclassification.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 December 2011 |work=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}</ref> |
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==Animal life== |
==Animal life== |
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The area has historically been known for large herds of common antelopes, elephants, and other large mammals. |
The area has historically been known for large herds of [[antelope|common antelopes]], [[African elephant|elephants]], and other large mammals. Besides elephants and antelopes, the park also reportedly supports [[spotted hyena]]s, [[lion]]s, [[Common eland|elands]], [[gnu]]s and [[zebra]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tourism in Angola |url=http://www.angola.org/index.php?page=tourism |work=Republic of Angola, Embassy of Angola, Washington DC |access-date=16 November 2014 |archive-date=2 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302204832/http://www.angola.org/index.php?page=tourism |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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As of 2013, it has been reported that some of the large mammals are returning to Bicuar. |
All species populations are believed to have been severely reduced during the war (the park was reportedly used as a practice [[artillery range]]), [[poaching]], and human encroachment. Since cessation of hostilities, work has begun by the Huíla provincial government to rebuild the infrastructure of the park to attract and protect animals. As of 2013, it has been reported that some of the large mammals are returning to Bicuar. The park administrator noted that they "are happy with the return of herds of elephants into the municipalities of Quipungo, Matala and Gambos, as the animals are recognising their habitat and are reproducing inside the park".<ref>{{cite web |title=Animals Return to Bicuar National Park |url=http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/ambiente/2013/1/5/Animals-return-Bicuar-National-Park,621ab76a-66f5-4849-8fa6-77542e67381f.html |work=Agence Angla Press, February 13, 2013}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/jog/southern_africa/sd-33-14-vila_joao_de_almeida-chibia-angola.jpg Topographic Map, Bicuari Region], ''Army Map Service'', US Army, Washington DC, 1966 |
* [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/jog/southern_africa/sd-33-14-vila_joao_de_almeida-chibia-angola.jpg Topographic Map, Bicuari Region], ''Army Map Service'', US Army, Washington DC, 1966 |
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* [http://triplov.com/angola/Mapas/Angola.htm Map of Angola] |
* [http://triplov.com/angola/Mapas/Angola.htm Map of Angola] (Bicuari Park in lower left section) |
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{{Portal|Geography}} |
{{Portal|Geography}} |
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{{National Parks of Angola}} |
{{National Parks of Angola}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:National parks of Angola]] |
[[Category:National parks of Angola]] |
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[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]] |
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]] |
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[[Category:1964 establishments in Angola]] |
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[[Category:Huíla Province]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:49, 29 June 2024
| Bicuari/Huíla National Park | |
|---|---|
| Bicuar National Park | |
 Marshy area of Bicuar National Park | |
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| Location | Huíla Province, Angola |
| Nearest city | Lubango |
| Coordinates | 15°17′23″S 14°48′26″E / 15.28977489°S 14.80722216°E |
| Area | 7,900 km2 (3,100 sq mi) |
| Established | 1964 |
Bicuari National Park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional do Bicuar; also called Bicuar National Park or Bikuar/Huíla National Park) is a national park in Angola. It is located in the south-west region of the country on the Huíla Plateau, about 120 km southeast of Lubango. The park is an area of sandy hills and shrub thicket character. The climate is tropical semi-arid. Bicuar was established as a hunting reserve in 1938, and reformed as a national park in 1964. Historically known for its large mammals, such as the black buffalo, the park suffered heavily in the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002). During this time the animals were mostly or entirely exterminated, but the Angolan Government is now undertaking efforts to rebuild the infrastructure and resettle the animals.[1]
Natural features
[edit]The park is bordered on the east by the Cunene River, one of the few perennial rivers in the region. The dominant vegetation is described as Angolan miombo woodlands and Angolan mopane woodlands, an area of savanna and woodlands on the plateau east of the coastal hills.[2] Portions of the park are seasonally wet or wetland swamps and dambo grasslands.[3]
The Bicuar stands at the northern end of a distinct ecoregion known as the Angolan mopane woodlands.[4] The area is known for high species richness, variable rainfall, and the importance of mopane trees to the animals and people of the region.
The climate of Bicuari is described under the Köppen climate classification system as temperate highland tropical climate with dry winters (Cwb), and the warmest months' temperatures average below 22 °C. Average rainfall is 600–800 mm/year.[5]
Animal life
[edit]The area has historically been known for large herds of common antelopes, elephants, and other large mammals. Besides elephants and antelopes, the park also reportedly supports spotted hyenas, lions, elands, gnus and zebras.[6]
All species populations are believed to have been severely reduced during the war (the park was reportedly used as a practice artillery range), poaching, and human encroachment. Since cessation of hostilities, work has begun by the Huíla provincial government to rebuild the infrastructure of the park to attract and protect animals. As of 2013, it has been reported that some of the large mammals are returning to Bicuar. The park administrator noted that they "are happy with the return of herds of elephants into the municipalities of Quipungo, Matala and Gambos, as the animals are recognising their habitat and are reproducing inside the park".[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Framework Report on Angola's Biodiversity, 2009" (PDF). Republic of Angola, Ministry of Environment, 2004. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ "118/119 Biodiversity and Tropical Forest Assessment for Angola" (PDF). USAID, May 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Wetlands 5.1, Angola" (PDF). Wetlands International, Ramsar Sites Information Service, p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2014.
- ^ "Angolan Mopane Woodland". Ecoregions, World Wildlife Fund. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
- ^ "Climate of the Kunene Basin". Kunene River Awareness Kit. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011.
- ^ "Tourism in Angola". Republic of Angola, Embassy of Angola, Washington DC. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Animals Return to Bicuar National Park". Agence Angla Press, February 13, 2013.
External links
[edit]- Topographic Map, Bicuari Region, Army Map Service, US Army, Washington DC, 1966
- Map of Angola (Bicuari Park in lower left section)
