Synalepha: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Merging of two syllables into one}} |
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{{Sound change}} |
{{Sound change}} |
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A '''synalepha''' or '''synaloepha''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|ɪ|n|ə|ˈ|l|iː|f|ə}}<ref>[[Greek language|Greek]] συναλοιφή (or {{LSJ|sunalifh/|συναλιφή}}), from {{LSJ|sunalei/fw|συναλείφω}}: συν- "together" and {{LSJ|a)lei/fw|ἀλείφω}} "I anoint", "smear". {{ablaut|οι|ει|ι|verb root|greek}}</ref> is the [[coalescence (linguistics)|merging]] of two syllables into one, especially when it causes two words to be pronounced as one. |
A '''synalepha''' or '''synaloepha''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|ɪ|n|ə|ˈ|l|iː|f|ə}}<ref>[[Greek language|Greek]] συναλοιφή (or {{LSJ|sunalifh/|συναλιφή}}), from {{LSJ|sunalei/fw|συναλείφω}}: συν- "together" and {{LSJ|a)lei/fw|ἀλείφω}} "I anoint", "smear". {{ablaut|οι|ει|ι|verb root|greek}}</ref> is the [[coalescence (linguistics)|merging]] of two syllables into one, especially when it causes two words to be pronounced as one. |
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==Examples== |
==Examples== |
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{{Original research|date=January 2022|section}} |
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Spanish and Italian use synalepha |
Spanish, Portuguese and Italian use synalepha, which is important in counting syllables in poetry. An example is in this [[hendecasyllable]] (11-syllable line) by [[Garcilaso de la Vega (poet)|Garcilaso de la Vega]]: |
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: ''Los cabellos qu'''e a'''l or'''o o'''scurecían.'' |
: ''Los cabellos qu'''e a'''l or'''o o'''scurecían.'' |
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:: The hair that endarkened the gold. |
:: The hair that endarkened the gold. |
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The words ''que'' and ''al'' form one syllable |
The words ''que'' and ''al'' form one syllable in counting them because of synalepha. The same thing happens with ''-ro'' and ''os-'' and so the line has eleven syllables (syllable boundaries are shown by a [[interpunct#In written language|dot]]): |
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: ''Los·ca·be·llos·qu''' |
: ''Los·ca·be·llos·qu'''eal'''·o·r'''oo'''s·cu·re·cí·an.'' |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Metaplasm]] |
* [[Metaplasm]] |
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** [[Elision]] |
** [[Elision]]—[[Contraction (grammar)]] |
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*** [[Apheresis (linguistics)|Apheresis]] (initial) |
*** [[Apheresis (linguistics)|Apheresis]] (initial) |
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*** [[Syncope (phonetics)|Syncope]] (medial) |
*** [[Syncope (phonetics)|Syncope]] (medial) |
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** [[Crasis]] |
** [[Crasis]] |
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** [[Synizesis]] (merge into one syllable without change in writing) |
** [[Synizesis]] (merge into one syllable without change in writing) |
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** [[Synaeresis]] |
** [[Synaeresis]]—opposite [[Diaeresis (prosody)|Diaeresis]] |
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* [[Correption]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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[[Category:Figures of speech]] |
[[Category:Figures of speech]] |
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[[Category:Phonology]] |
[[Category:Phonology]] |
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{{phonology-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 01:40, 30 June 2024
| Sound change and alternation |
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| Fortition |
| Dissimilation |
A synalepha or synaloepha /ˌsɪnəˈliːfə/[1] is the merging of two syllables into one, especially when it causes two words to be pronounced as one.
The original meaning in Ancient Greek is more general than modern usage and includes coalescence of vowels within a word. Similarly, synalepha most often refers to elision (as in English contraction), but it can also refer to coalescence by other metaplasms: synizesis, synaeresis or crasis.[2]
Examples
[edit] | This section possibly contains original research. (January 2022) |
Spanish, Portuguese and Italian use synalepha, which is important in counting syllables in poetry. An example is in this hendecasyllable (11-syllable line) by Garcilaso de la Vega:
- Los cabellos que al oro oscurecían.
- The hair that endarkened the gold.
The words que and al form one syllable in counting them because of synalepha. The same thing happens with -ro and os- and so the line has eleven syllables (syllable boundaries are shown by a dot):
- Los·ca·be·llos·queal·o·roos·cu·re·cí·an.
See also
[edit]- Metaplasm
- Elision—Contraction (grammar)
- Crasis
- Synizesis (merge into one syllable without change in writing)
- Synaeresis—opposite Diaeresis
- Correption
Notes
[edit]- ^ Greek συναλοιφή (or συναλιφή), from συναλείφω: συν- "together" and ἀλείφω "I anoint", "smear". Alternation between οι, ει, and ι in verb root is ablaut.
- ^ W. Sidney Allen, Vox Graeca, chart of "Types of vowel-junction", p. 98.
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