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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
| name = Brown-necked raven
| name = Brown-necked raven
| image =Brown-necked Raven - Merzouga - Morocco 07_3411 (22160964904).jpg
| image = Corbeau brun Jbil.jpg
| image_caption = Near Jebil National Park, [[Tunisia]]
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22706064 |title=''Corvus ruficollis'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Corvus ruficollis'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22706064A118783085 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22706064A118783085.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| genus = Corvus
⚫
| species = ruficollis
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| authority = [[Rene Primevere Lesson|Lesson]], 1831
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Corvidae]]
| genus = ''[[Corvus (biology)|Corvus]]''
⚫
| species = '''''C. ruficollis'''''
| binomial = ''Corvus ruficollis''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Rene Primevere Lesson|Lesson]], 1830
| range_map = Corvus ruficollis map.jpg
| range_map = Corvus ruficollis map.jpg
| range_map_caption = Distribution map
| range_map_caption = Distribution map
| synonyms =
| synonyms = * ''Corvus umbrinus'' <small>Sundevall</small>
* ''Corvus umbrinus'' <small>Sundevall</small>
}}
}}

The '''brown-necked raven''' (''Corvus ruficollis'') is a larger bird (52–56&nbsp;cm in length) than the [[carrion crow]] though not as large as the [[common raven]]. It has similar proportions to the common raven but the bill is not so large or deep and the wings tend to be a little more pointed in profile. The head and throat are a distinct brownish-black giving the bird its [[English language|English]] name, while the rest of the plumage is black glossed with purple, blue or purplish-blue. Like the Common raven, Thick-billed raven and White-necked raven, it is one of the larger raven species. The smaller raven species are the Australian raven, Forest raven, Little raven, Fan-tailed raven and Chihuahuan raven with the Thick-billed raven being the world's largest raven species and the Chihuahuan raven being the smallest. The feathers of this species often fade quite quickly to a brownish black (even the truly black feathers) and the bird can look distinctly brown by the time it moults. The feet, legs and bill are black. The [[dwarf raven]] was formerly considered a subspecies (''Corvus ruficollis edithae'') but this bird now appears to be closer to the [[pied crow]] (''C. albus'') than this species.
The '''brown-necked raven''' ('''''Corvus ruficollis''''') is a larger bird (52–56&nbsp;cm in length) than the [[carrion crow]] though not as large as the [[common raven]]. It has similar proportions to the common raven but the bill is not so large or deep and the wings tend to be a little more pointed in profile. The head and throat are a distinct brownish-black giving the bird its [[English language|English]] name, while the rest of the plumage is black glossed with purple, blue or purplish-blue. Like the [[common raven]], [[thick-billed raven]] and [[white-necked raven]], it is one of the larger raven species. The feathers of this species often fade quite quickly to a brownish black (even the truly black feathers) and the bird can look distinctly brown by the time it moults. The feet, legs and bill are black. The [[dwarf raven]] was formerly considered a subspecies (''Corvus ruficollis edithae'') but this bird now appears to be closer to the [[pied crow]] (''C. albus'') than this species.


== Distribution and habitat ==
== Distribution and habitat ==
This species has a wide range across virtually the whole of [[North Africa]], down as far as [[Kenya]], the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and up into the [[Greater Middle East]] and southern [[Iran]]. It lives in a predominantly [[desert]] environment visiting oases and [[palm tree|palm]] groves.
This species has a wide range across virtually the whole of [[North Africa]], down as far as [[Kenya]], the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and up into the [[Greater Middle East]] and southern [[Iran]]. It lives in a predominantly [[desert]] environment visiting oases and [[palm tree|palm]] groves.

⚫
[[File:Brown-necked Raven(Corvus ruficollis).jpg|left|thumb|Two in Egypt]]
Food consists of a wide range of items, including carrion, snakes, locusts and other grasshoppers, stranded fish (in coastal areas), grain stolen from bags, dates and other fruits. It is quite fearless when not persecuted but is quick to become wary and shy if too much attention is paid to it. A 2009 Israeli study showed the species to cooperatively hunt lizards, with birds blocking exits while others hunted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8388000/8388073.stm|title=Clever ravens cooperatively hunt |last=Walker|first=Matt|date=December 1, 2009|work=BBC Earthnews website|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=2 December 2009}}</ref>
Food consists of a wide range of items, including carrion, snakes, locusts and other grasshoppers, stranded fish (in coastal areas), grain stolen from bags, dates and other fruits. It is quite fearless when not persecuted but is quick to become wary and shy if too much attention is paid to it. A 2009 Israeli study showed the species to cooperatively hunt lizards, with birds blocking exits while others hunted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8388000/8388073.stm|title=Clever ravens cooperatively hunt |last=Walker|first=Matt|date=December 1, 2009|work=BBC Earthnews website|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref>


== Nesting ==
== Nesting ==

The nest is very much like the common raven's, and may be found in trees, on cliffs or in old and ruined buildings. The dwarf raven seems to prefer thorn trees for its nest building. There are usually 4-5 eggs laid and incubated over 20–22 days. The young usually leave the nest by the 37th or 38th day and can fly well by 42–45 days.
The nest is very much like the common raven's, and may be found in trees, on cliffs or in old and ruined buildings. The dwarf raven seems to prefer thorn trees for its nest building. There are usually 4–5 eggs laid and incubated over 20–22 days. The young usually leave the nest by the 37th or 38th day and can fly well by 42–45 days.


== Vocalisation ==
== Vocalisation ==


The voice is very similar to the common raven's consisting mainly of croaks, though higher in pitch; and a harsh ''"karr-karr-karr"''. In flight, it will utter a ''"kuerk-kuerk"'' call. Like all corvids, the Brown-necked raven is capable of vocal mimicry, however this behavior is mostly recorded in captivity and, although rarely, in the wild.
The voice is very similar to the common raven's consisting mainly of croaks, though higher in pitch; and a harsh ''"karr-karr-karr"''. In flight, it will utter a ''"kuerk-kuerk"'' call. Like all corvids, the Brown-necked raven is capable of vocal mimicry, however this behavior is mostly recorded in captivity and, although rarely, in the wild.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Brown-necked Raven.jpg|alt=Corvus ruficollis from United Arab Emirates|left|''Corvus ruficollis'' from United Arab Emirates
⚫
File:Brown-necked Raven(Corvus ruficollis).jpg|left|Two brown-necked ravens in Egypt
File:Corvus ruficollis MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.170.7.jpg|''Corvus ruficollis '' - ([[MHNT]])
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Corvus ruficollis}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Corvus ruficollis}}
* {{EBirdSpecies|brnrav1|Brown-necked raven}}
* {{EOL}}

* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/brown-necked-raven-corvus-ruficollis brown-necked raven videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
⚫
{{Corvidae}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q420818}}
⚫
{{Corvidae|2}}


[[Category:Corvus|brown-necked raven]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:raven}}
[[Category:Corvus (genus)]]
[[Category:Ravens|brown-necked raven]]
[[Category:Ravens]]
[[Category:Birds of East Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of East Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Birds of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Birds of North Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of North Africa]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1830]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1830|brown-necked raven]]
[[Category:Taxa named by René Lesson]]

Latest revision as of 11:20, 30 June 2024

Brown-necked raven
Near Jebil National Park, Tunisia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Corvidae
Genus: Corvus
Species:
C. ruficollis
Binomial name
Corvus ruficollis
Lesson, 1831
Distribution map
Synonyms
  • Corvus umbrinus Sundevall

The brown-necked raven (Corvus ruficollis) is a larger bird (52–56 cm in length) than the carrion crow though not as large as the common raven. It has similar proportions to the common raven but the bill is not so large or deep and the wings tend to be a little more pointed in profile. The head and throat are a distinct brownish-black giving the bird its English name, while the rest of the plumage is black glossed with purple, blue or purplish-blue. Like the common raven, thick-billed raven and white-necked raven, it is one of the larger raven species. The feathers of this species often fade quite quickly to a brownish black (even the truly black feathers) and the bird can look distinctly brown by the time it moults. The feet, legs and bill are black. The dwarf raven was formerly considered a subspecies (Corvus ruficollis edithae) but this bird now appears to be closer to the pied crow (C. albus) than this species.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

This species has a wide range across virtually the whole of North Africa, down as far as Kenya, the Arabian Peninsula and up into the Greater Middle East and southern Iran. It lives in a predominantly desert environment visiting oases and palm groves.

Food consists of a wide range of items, including carrion, snakes, locusts and other grasshoppers, stranded fish (in coastal areas), grain stolen from bags, dates and other fruits. It is quite fearless when not persecuted but is quick to become wary and shy if too much attention is paid to it. A 2009 Israeli study showed the species to cooperatively hunt lizards, with birds blocking exits while others hunted.[2]

Nesting

[edit]

The nest is very much like the common raven's, and may be found in trees, on cliffs or in old and ruined buildings. The dwarf raven seems to prefer thorn trees for its nest building. There are usually 4–5 eggs laid and incubated over 20–22 days. The young usually leave the nest by the 37th or 38th day and can fly well by 42–45 days.

Vocalisation

[edit]

The voice is very similar to the common raven's consisting mainly of croaks, though higher in pitch; and a harsh "karr-karr-karr". In flight, it will utter a "kuerk-kuerk" call. Like all corvids, the Brown-necked raven is capable of vocal mimicry, however this behavior is mostly recorded in captivity and, although rarely, in the wild.

[edit]
  • Corvus ruficollis from United Arab Emirates
    Corvus ruficollis from United Arab Emirates
  • Two brown-necked ravens in Egypt
    Two brown-necked ravens in Egypt
  • Corvus ruficollis - (MHNT)
    Corvus ruficollis - (MHNT)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Corvus ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22706064A118783085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22706064A118783085.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Walker, Matt (December 1, 2009). "Clever ravens cooperatively hunt". BBC Earthnews website. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
[edit]


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