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{{Short description|Surveyor and cartographer (c. 1704–1762)}}
{{About|the 18th-century map maker|the early citizen of St Louis, Missouri|John Roques}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
[[File:Plan du Jardin et Vue des Maisons de Chiswick.jpg|thumb|Plan du Jardin & Vue des Maisons de Chiswick, 1736, Jean Rocque V&A Museum no. E.352-1944]]
{{Multiple issues|
'''John Rocque''' (originally Jean; c. 1709–1762) was a French-born British surveyor and [[cartographer]].
{{Lead too short|date=July 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2020}}
}}
[[File:Plan du Jardin et Vue des Maisons de Chiswick.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Rocque's plan of [[Chiswick House]] and gardens, 1736]]
'''John Rocque''' (originally Jean; {{Circa|1704}}–1762) was a French-born British surveyor and [[cartographer]], best known for his detailed [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|map of London]] published in 1746.


==Life and career==
Rocque was born no later than 1709, since that was the year he moved to England with his parents, who were French [[Huguenot]] émigrés. He became a godfather in 1728, which suggests he was at least twenty-one years old by that time.
Rocque was born in France in about 1704, one of four children of a [[Huguenot]] family who subsequently fled first to [[Geneva]], and then, probably in 1709, to England. He became a godfather in 1728, which suggests he was at least twenty-one years old by that time.


In addition to his work as surveyor and mapmaker, Rocque was an engraver and map-seller. He was also involved in some way in gardening as a young man, living with his brother Bartholomew, who was a landscape gardener, and producing plans for [[parterre]]s, perhaps recording pre-existing designs, but few details of this work are known. Rocque produced engraved plans of the gardens at [[Wrest Park Gardens|Wrest Park]] (1735), [[Claremont (stately house)|Claremont]] (1738), Charles Hamilton's naturalistic landscape garden at [[Painshill Park]], Surrey (1744), [[Wanstead House#Gardens|Wanstead House]] (1745) and [[Wilton House]] (1746).
In addition to his work as a surveyor and mapmaker, Rocque was an engraver and map seller. He was also involved in some way in gardening as a young man, living with his brother Bartholomew, who was a landscape gardener, and producing plans for [[parterre]]s, perhaps recording pre-existing designs, but few details of this work are known. Rocque produced engraved plans of the gardens at [[Wrest Park Gardens|Wrest Park]] (1735), [[Claremont (stately house)|Claremont]] (1738), Charles Hamilton's naturalistic landscape garden at [[Painshill Park]], Surrey (1744), [[Wanstead House#Gardens|Wanstead House]] (1745) and [[Wilton House]] (1746).


Rocque is now mainly remembered for his [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|Map of London]]. He began work on this in 1737 and it was published in 24 printed sheets in 1747. It was by far the most detailed map of London published up to that time, and remains an important historical resource.
Rocque is now remembered principally for his [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|Map of London]]. He began work on this in 1737 and it was published in 24 printed sheets in 1746. It was by far the most detailed map of London published up to that time and remains an important historical resource.


The map of London and his other maps brought him an appointment as [[cartographer]] to [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] in 1751. A fire in 1750 destroyed his premises and stock, but by 1753 he was employing ten draughtsmen, and ''The Small British Atlas: Being a New set of Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales'' appeared. There was a second edition in 1762.
The map of London and his other maps brought him an appointment as [[cartographer]] to [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] in 1751. A fire in 1750 destroyed his premises and stock, but by 1753, he was employing ten draughtsmen, and ''The Small British Atlas: Being a New set of Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales'' appeared. There was a second edition in 1762.


He also surveyed and published maps of Middlesex, Oxford, Berkshire, & Buckinghamshire in 1760.<ref name="sssi">{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003870.pdf |title=SITE NAME: LODGE WOOD AND SANDFORD MILL |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2017-03-08}}</ref>
He also surveyed and published maps of Middlesex, Oxford, Berkshire, & Buckinghamshire in 1760.<ref name="sssi">{{cite web |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003870.pdf |title=Site name: Lodge Wood and Sandford Mill |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330113845/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003870.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>


[[File:John Rocque's map of London and Westminster, 1746, all sheets.jpg|thumb|centre|upright=2.6|Rocque's [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|Map of London]], 1746]]
His 1756 map of [[Dublin]] featured on an [[Series B Banknotes (Ireland)#Ten Pound|Irish ten pound]] banknote.
The area around Dublin city was covered on four maps. These extended as far as Skerries and Cardy Rocks to the north, Carton House to the west, Blessington to the south west and Enniskerry to the south.


==Time in Dublin==
He married twice. His widow [[Mary Ann Rocque]] continued the business after his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/maps/roq1753.htm |title=Rocque, 1753 (Maps of IoM) |publisher=Isle-of-man.com |date= |accessdate=2017-03-08}}</ref>
Rocque spent six years in [[Dublin]] (1754–60), where he produced a number of maps of the Irish capital, as well as county maps of [[County Dublin|Dublin]] and [[County Armagh|Armagh]], city maps of [[Kilkenny]] and [[Cork (city)|Cork]], and a series of sumptuously illustrated manuscript surveys of the estates of the then [[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|Earl of Kildare]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lennon |first1=Colm |last2=Montague |first2=John |date=2010 |title=John Rocque's Dublin: a guide to the Georgian City |location=Dublin |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |isbn=978-1-904890-69-0 }}</ref> In 1756, he published the first detailed printed map of Dublin, the 4-sheet ''Exact Survey of Dublin'' (officially entitled ''An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales - 1756'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/ids:10135320|title=An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales. 1756 |access-date=19 March 2023|website=lib.harvard.edu}}</ref> A detail from this map later featured on the Irish [[Series B banknotes#Ten Pounds|Series B ten pound banknote]] (1976–1993).


Rocque also covered the hinterland of Dublin in ''A Survey of the City Harbour Bay and Environs of Dublin'', published in four sheets in 1758.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53057253b/f1.item|title=A Survey of the City, Harbour, Bay and Environs of Dublin on the same Scale as those of London, Paris & Rome|access-date=1 December 2022|website=gallica.bnf.fr}}</ref> These extended as far as [[Skerries, Dublin|Skerries]] and Cardy Rocks to the north, [[Carton House]] to the west, [[Blessington]] to the south-west and [[Enniskerry]] to the south.
[[File:Rocque's Map of London 1741-5.jpg|thumb|centre|500px|A twentieth-century reproduction of part of Rocque's Map of London, 1741-5]]


==See also==
==Personal life==
Rocque married twice. His widow, [[Mary Ann Rocque]], continued the business after his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/maps/roq1753.htm |title=Rocque, 1753 (Maps of IoM) |publisher=Isle-of-man.com |access-date=8 March 2017}}</ref>
*[[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Lennon |first1=Colm |last2=Montague |first2=John |date=2010 |title=John Rocque's Dublin: a guide to the Georgian City |location=Dublin |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |isbn=978-1-904890-69-0 }}
* {{cite odnb |first=Paul |last=Laxton |title=Rocque, John (1704?–1762) |year=2004 |id=37907 }}
* {{cite journal |first=John |last=Montague |title=New light on John Rocque: his career as artist-engraver and his two great city maps of London (1746) and Dublin (1756) |journal=[[Imago Mundi]] |volume=74 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=31–62 |doi=10.1080/03085694.2022.2042125 |s2cid=250180449 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last=O'Neill |first=Jean |title=John Rocque as a guide to gardens |journal=Garden History |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=1988 |pages=8–16 |doi=10.2307/1586901 |jstor=1586901 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Hugh |last=Philips |title=John Rocque's career |journal=London Topographical Record |volume=20 |year=1952 |pages=9–25 }}
* {{cite journal |first=E. H. |last=Varley |title=John Rocque, the mapmaker, and his Huguenot associations |journal=Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London |volume=17 |issue=5 |year=1946 |pages=457–61 }}
* {{cite journal |first=John |last=Varley |title=John Rocque: engraver, surveyor, cartographer and map-seller |journal=[[Imago Mundi]] |volume=5 |year=1948 |pages=83–91 |doi=10.1080/03085694808591908 }}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Maps by John Rocque}}
{{Commons category|John Rocque}}
*[http://www.mapforum.com/05/rocque.htm#maph A detailed biography]
*[https://mapforum.com/2022/03/09/biography-john-rocque/ A detailed biography]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130523191653/http://www.motco.com/MAP/81002/ Rocque's map of London online]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130523191653/http://www.motco.com/MAP/81002/ Rocque's map of London online]
*[http://www.euratlas.net/cartogra/Rocque/index.html Rocque's clickable map post-road of Europe]
*[http://www.euratlas.net/cartogra/Rocque/index.html Rocque's clickable map post-road of Europe]
*[http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/CompleteSearch.do;jsessionid=471BBB3A9F5739A063676D1A3A07684B?field=todos&text=dublin&showYearItems=&exact=on&textH=&advanced=false&completeText=&pageSize=1&pageSizeAbrv=10&pageNumber=1 Rocque's Map of Dublin online]
*[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530571173?rk=944210;4 Rocque's ''Exact Survey of Dublin'' 1756]
*[http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/CompleteSearch.do;jsessionid=471BBB3A9F5739A063676D1A3A07684B?field=todos&text=dublin&showYearItems=&exact=on&textH=&advanced=false&completeText=&pageSize=1&pageSizeAbrv=10&pageNumber=1 Rocque's 1758 Harbour & Environs map online]
*[http://purl.org/net/nysl/nysdocs/1010245 A Set of Plans and Forts in America, Reduced From Actual Survey]. John Rocque. This 1763 volume contains drawings of 29 British forts in colonial America (now Canada and the United States). Digitized by the [[New York State Library]].
*[http://purl.org/net/nysl/nysdocs/1010245 A Set of Plans and Forts in America, Reduced From Actual Survey]. John Rocque. This 1763 volume contains drawings of 29 British forts in colonial America (now Canada and the United States). Digitized by the [[New York State Library]].




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Latest revision as of 03:12, 1 July 2024

Rocque's plan of Chiswick House and gardens, 1736

John Rocque (originally Jean; c. 1704–1762) was a French-born British surveyor and cartographer, best known for his detailed map of London published in 1746.

Life and career

[edit]

Rocque was born in France in about 1704, one of four children of a Huguenot family who subsequently fled first to Geneva, and then, probably in 1709, to England. He became a godfather in 1728, which suggests he was at least twenty-one years old by that time.

In addition to his work as a surveyor and mapmaker, Rocque was an engraver and map seller. He was also involved in some way in gardening as a young man, living with his brother Bartholomew, who was a landscape gardener, and producing plans for parterres, perhaps recording pre-existing designs, but few details of this work are known. Rocque produced engraved plans of the gardens at Wrest Park (1735), Claremont (1738), Charles Hamilton's naturalistic landscape garden at Painshill Park, Surrey (1744), Wanstead House (1745) and Wilton House (1746).

Rocque is now remembered principally for his Map of London. He began work on this in 1737 and it was published in 24 printed sheets in 1746. It was by far the most detailed map of London published up to that time and remains an important historical resource.

The map of London and his other maps brought him an appointment as cartographer to Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1751. A fire in 1750 destroyed his premises and stock, but by 1753, he was employing ten draughtsmen, and The Small British Atlas: Being a New set of Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales appeared. There was a second edition in 1762.

He also surveyed and published maps of Middlesex, Oxford, Berkshire, & Buckinghamshire in 1760.[1]

Rocque's Map of London, 1746

Time in Dublin

[edit]

Rocque spent six years in Dublin (1754–60), where he produced a number of maps of the Irish capital, as well as county maps of Dublin and Armagh, city maps of Kilkenny and Cork, and a series of sumptuously illustrated manuscript surveys of the estates of the then Earl of Kildare.[2] In 1756, he published the first detailed printed map of Dublin, the 4-sheet Exact Survey of Dublin (officially entitled An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales - 1756).[3] A detail from this map later featured on the Irish Series B ten pound banknote (1976–1993).

Rocque also covered the hinterland of Dublin in A Survey of the City Harbour Bay and Environs of Dublin, published in four sheets in 1758.[4] These extended as far as Skerries and Cardy Rocks to the north, Carton House to the west, Blessington to the south-west and Enniskerry to the south.

Personal life

[edit]

Rocque married twice. His widow, Mary Ann Rocque, continued the business after his death.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Site name: Lodge Wood and Sandford Mill" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  2. ^ Lennon, Colm; Montague, John (2010). John Rocque's Dublin: a guide to the Georgian City. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 978-1-904890-69-0.
  3. ^ "An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales. 1756". lib.harvard.edu. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  4. ^ "A Survey of the City, Harbour, Bay and Environs of Dublin on the same Scale as those of London, Paris & Rome". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  5. ^ "Rocque, 1753 (Maps of IoM)". Isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 8 March 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]