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Emerentia is the name given for a grandmother of Mary, mother of Jesus, in some European traditions and art from the late 15th century.^[1] She is not to be confused with Saint Emerentiana, a Roman martyr of the 3rd century who features briefly in Alban Butler's The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints 1812, volume 1.^[2]

Sources

There is no reference to the grandmother of Mary, by name or otherwise, in the canonical New Testament or the Protoevangelium of James, which is the earliest source naming Saint Joachim and Saint Anne as the parents of Mary.

Stories about Anne form part of Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda Aurea, but her mother is not mentioned. An early source mentioning Emerentia, is Josse Bade's (Jodocius Badius Ascensius, 1461–1535) 1502 translation of Petrus Dorlandus' work Vita gloriosissime matris Anne contained in the larger compilation Vita Iesu Christi ... ex evangelio et approbatis ab ecclesia catholica doctoribus sedule collecta per Ludolphum per Saxonia (published in Paris), which tells the story:

Seventy seven years before the birth of Christ, a pious maiden, quite well off and remarkably beautiful, was in the habit of visiting, with her parents' permission, the sons of prophets on Mount Carmel. She was disinclined to marriage, until one of the Carmelites had a prophetic dream, they saw a root from which grew two trees, one had three branches, all bearing flowers, but one a flower more pure and fragrant than all the rest [...] Then a voice was heard saying: "This root is our Emerentia, destined to have great descendants."^[3]

Another source is Johann Eck, who related in a sermon that Anne's parents were named Stollanus and Emerentia.^[4]

In art

Emerentia appears in a number of depictions of the Holy Kinship, the pictorial and sometimes sculptural^[5] depiction of the ancestors and descendants of St Anne by many artists around the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century in Northern Europe.^[6] Where Emerentia is featured in these groupings, which were often altarpieces, they are known as "Emerentia Selbviert".^[7] These rare examples of a matrilineal genealogy of Jesus have been found interesting by modern academics in the field of gender studies,^[8] and in feminist critiques of English literature, for example, Vanita argues that the feminine 'trinity' of Mary, her mother Anne and her grandmother Emerentia is reflected in two of Shakespeare's plays.^[9]

In 18th century and modern literature

In The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary From the Visions of Anna Catherine Emmerich (1852), Emerentia is known as "Emorun,"^[10]^{[page needed]} which translates as "noble woman".^[11] Emmerich describes in her visions how Emerentia lived as one of the Essenes, a particularly devout wing of the Jewish faith that believed it was destined to produce the Messiah, near Mount Carmel, and relates the story of how a prophet, entering the Cave of Elijah, saw the following growing from Emerentia's heart:

[A] rose tree with three branches, with a rose on each of them. The rose on the second branch was marked with a letter, I think an "M." He saw still more. An angel wrote letters on the wall; I saw Archos rise up as if awaking and read these letters. I forget the details. He then went down from the cave and announced to the maiden who was awaiting his answer that she was to marry and that her sixth suitor was to be her husband. She would bear a child, marked with a sign, who was chosen out of a vessel of election in preparation for the coming of the Savior.^[12]

References

^ Michael Alan Anderson Symbols of Saints: Theology, ritual, and kinship in music for John the Baptist and St. Anne (1175–1520) (University of Chicago) 2008, p. 332: "In some late fifteenth-century vitae, Anne was given a mother named Emerentia, as well as a sister named Esmeria." (noting Brigid Cohen, 2008).
^ Butler, Alban (1812). The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints. Vol. 1. p. 332. EMERENTIA, VM She suffered about the year 304, and is named in the Martyrologies under the name of St. Jerome, Bede, and others. She is said in her acts to have been stoned to death, whilst only a catechumen, praying at the tomb of St. Agnes
^ Ann Moss: St Anne in Crisis, in MacDonald and Twomey (eds) Schooling and Society, the ordering and reordering of knowledge in the western middle ages. 2004
^ Frederick G. Holweck 1907. Catholic Encyclopedia article: St Anne "The renowned Father John of Eck of Ingolstadt, in a sermon on St. Anne (published at Paris in 1579), pretends to know even the names of the parents St. Anne. He calls them Stollanus and Emerentia. He says that St. Anne was born after Stollanus and Emerentia had been childless for twenty years"
^ Virginia Nixon, 2004. Mary's Mother: Saint Anne in late medieval Europe p.152: "Occasionally Anne's parents, Emerentia and Stollanus, are also present.; Virgin and Child, with St Anne and Emerentia, Circa 1515–30, Metropolitan Museum of Art Archived 2012-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
^ The Marian Library, International Marian Research Institute: What is the Holy Kindred? Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine; Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten (Ministère de l'éducation nationale et de la culture/Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Antwerp, Belgium) 2002: "At the end of the middle ages, there was also regard for her mother, Emerentia, and a tradition concerning the [...] Halfway along the stem sits a young Mary, and at the very top sits the infant Jesus with a small cross in his hand."
^ Virginia Nixon: "Mary's Mother, St Anne in Late Medieval Europe, Pennsylvania State University Press," p152.
^ Pamela R. Frese and John M. Coggleshall; Transcending Boundaries, Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Gender, 1991, Bergin and Garvey.
^ Vanita, Ruth: Mariological memory in the Winter's Tale and Henry VIII (plays by William Shakespeare) SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 March 22nd, 2000 "the medieval devotees of Mary did not worship her in isolation but in the context of a female lineage. The matrilineal holy kinship of Jesus consisted of his mother, grandmother Anne (whose cult was extremely popular in England), and great grandmother Emerentia, with the three often being depicted as a female trinity. Since Jesus' only human parent was a woman, his lineage was necessarily matrilineal."
^ Carol Haenni: The Holy Women Around Jesus (Association for Research and Enlightenment Press), 2006.
^ Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm Archived 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine
^ Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm Archived 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Saint Emerentia at the Christian Iconography web site

[1] Michael Alan Anderson Symbols of Saints: Theology, ritual, and kinship in music for John the Baptist and St. Anne (1175–1520) (University of Chicago) 2008, p. 332: "In some late fifteenth-century vitae, Anne was given a mother named Emerentia, as well as a sister named Esmeria." (noting Brigid Cohen, 2008).

[2] Butler, Alban (1812). The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints. Vol. 1. p. 332. EMERENTIA, VM She suffered about the year 304, and is named in the Martyrologies under the name of St. Jerome, Bede, and others. She is said in her acts to have been stoned to death, whilst only a catechumen, praying at the tomb of St. Agnes

[3] Ann Moss: St Anne in Crisis, in MacDonald and Twomey (eds) Schooling and Society, the ordering and reordering of knowledge in the western middle ages. 2004

[4] Frederick G. Holweck 1907. Catholic Encyclopedia article: St Anne "The renowned Father John of Eck of Ingolstadt, in a sermon on St. Anne (published at Paris in 1579), pretends to know even the names of the parents St. Anne. He calls them Stollanus and Emerentia. He says that St. Anne was born after Stollanus and Emerentia had been childless for twenty years"

[5] Virginia Nixon, 2004. Mary's Mother: Saint Anne in late medieval Europe p.152: "Occasionally Anne's parents, Emerentia and Stollanus, are also present.; Virgin and Child, with St Anne and Emerentia, Circa 1515–30, Metropolitan Museum of Art Archived 2012-09-25 at the Wayback Machine

[6] The Marian Library, International Marian Research Institute: What is the Holy Kindred? Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine; Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten (Ministère de l'éducation nationale et de la culture/Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Antwerp, Belgium) 2002: "At the end of the middle ages, there was also regard for her mother, Emerentia, and a tradition concerning the [...] Halfway along the stem sits a young Mary, and at the very top sits the infant Jesus with a small cross in his hand."

[7] Virginia Nixon: "Mary's Mother, St Anne in Late Medieval Europe, Pennsylvania State University Press," p152.

[8] Pamela R. Frese and John M. Coggleshall; Transcending Boundaries, Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Gender, 1991, Bergin and Garvey.

[9] Vanita, Ruth: Mariological memory in the Winter's Tale and Henry VIII (plays by William Shakespeare) SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 March 22nd, 2000 "the medieval devotees of Mary did not worship her in isolation but in the context of a female lineage. The matrilineal holy kinship of Jesus consisted of his mother, grandmother Anne (whose cult was extremely popular in England), and great grandmother Emerentia, with the three often being depicted as a female trinity. Since Jesus' only human parent was a woman, his lineage was necessarily matrilineal."

[10] Carol Haenni: The Holy Women Around Jesus (Association for Research and Enlightenment Press), 2006.

[11] Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm Archived 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine

[12] Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm Archived 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Name given for a grandmother of Mary, mother of Jesus}}
-'''Emerentia'''<ref>Emerentia is to be distinguished from Emerentia the martyr (d. 304) who features briefly in [[Alban Butler]]'s ''The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints'' 1812, volume 1, p279: "EMERENTIA, VM She suffered about the year 304, and is named in the Martyrologies under the name of St. Jerome, Bede, and others. She is said in her acts to have been stoned to death, whilst only a catechumen, praying at the tomb of St. Agnes"</ref> is the name given for a grandmother of [[Mary mother of Jesus]] in some European traditions and art from the late 15th century.<ref>Michael Alan Anderson ''Symbols of Saints: Theology, ritual, and kinship in music for John the Baptist and St. Anne (1175-1520)'' (University of Chicago) 2008, p. 332: "In some late fifteenth-century vitae, Anne was given a mother named Emerentia, as well as a sister named Esmeria." (noting Brigid Cohen, 2008).</ref>
+[[File:Sainte Émérencie 03.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Group showing Emerentia, Saint Anne, the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus Christ (anonymous, 1400–1600, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])]]
+'''Emerentia''' is the name given for a grandmother of [[Mary, mother of Jesus]], in some European traditions and art from the late 15th century.<ref>Michael Alan Anderson ''Symbols of Saints: Theology, ritual, and kinship in music for John the Baptist and St. Anne (1175–1520)'' (University of Chicago) 2008, p. 332: "In some late fifteenth-century vitae, Anne was given a mother named Emerentia, as well as a sister named Esmeria." (noting Brigid Cohen, 2008).</ref> She is not to be confused with Saint [[Emerentiana]], a Roman [[martyr]] of the 3rd century who features briefly in [[Alban Butler]]'s ''The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints'' 1812, volume 1.<ref>{{cite book |last=Butler |first=Alban |title=The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints |date=1812 |volume=1 |page=332 |quote=EMERENTIA, VM She suffered about the year 304, and is named in the Martyrologies under the name of St. Jerome, Bede, and others. She is said in her acts to have been stoned to death, whilst only a catechumen, praying at the tomb of St. Agnes}}</ref><!--I think Butler misnamed Emerentiana here? It seems the article on Emerentiana is the same as Butler's description of Emerentia-->
-==2nd to 14th centuries==
-There is no reference to the grandmother of Mary, by name or otherwise, in the canonical New Testament. There is also no reference in the [[Protoevangelium of James]], which is the earliest source naming [[Saint Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne]] as the parents of Mary.
+==Sources==
-==15th century onwards==
+There is no reference to the grandmother of Mary, by name or otherwise, in the canonical [[New Testament]] or the [[Protoevangelium of James]], which is the earliest source naming [[Saint Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne]] as the parents of Mary.
-Stories about Anne form part of [[Jacobus de Voragine]]'s ''[[Legenda Aurea]]'', but a grandmother is not mentioned. An early source mentioning Emerentia, is [[Josse Bade]]'s (Jodocius Badius Ascensius, 1461-1535) 1502 translation of [[Petrus Dorlandus]]' work ''Vita gloriosissime matris Anne'' contained in the larger compilation ''Vita Iesu Christi ... ex evangelio et approbatis ab ecclesia catholica doctoribus sedule collecta per Ludolphum per Saxonia'' (published in Paris), which tells the story:
-<blockquote>
-"Seventy seven years before the birth of Christ, a pious maiden, quite well off and remarkably beautiful, was in the habit of visiting, with her parents permission, the sons of prophets on Mount Carmel. She was disinclined to marriage, until one of the Carmelites had a prophetic dream, they saw a root from which grew two trees, one had three branches, all bearing flowers, but one a flower more pure and fragrant than all the rest... Then a voice was heard saying: "This root is our Emerentia, destined to have great descendants".<ref>Ann Moss: ''St Anne in Crisis'', in ''MacDonald and Twomey (eds) Schooling and Society, the ordering and reordering of knowledge in the western middle ages.''2004</ref>
-</blockquote>
+Stories about Anne form part of [[Jacobus de Voragine]]'s {{lang|la|[[Legenda Aurea]]}}, but her mother is not mentioned. An early source mentioning Emerentia, is [[Josse Bade]]'s (Jodocius Badius Ascensius, 1461–1535) 1502 translation of [[Petrus Dorlandus]]' work {{lang|la|Vita gloriosissime matris Anne}} contained in the larger compilation {{lang|la|Vita Iesu Christi ... ex evangelio et approbatis ab ecclesia catholica doctoribus sedule collecta per Ludolphum per Saxonia}} (published in Paris), which tells the story:
-Another early source is [[Johann Eck]], who is related in a sermon that Jesus' grandmother, and Mary's mother Anne's parents were named Stollanus and Emerentia. The ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'' (1907) regards this genealogy as spurious.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01538a.htm Frederick G. Holweck 1907. ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' article: St Anne] "The renowned Father John of Eck of Ingolstadt, in a sermon on St. Anne (published at Paris in 1579), pretends to know even the names of the parents St. Anne. He calls them Stollanus and Emerentia. He says that St. Anne was born after Stollanus and Emerentia had been childless for twenty years"</ref>.
+{{blockquote|Seventy seven years before the birth of Christ, a pious maiden, quite well off and remarkably beautiful, was in the habit of visiting, with her parents' permission, the sons of prophets on Mount Carmel. She was disinclined to marriage, until one of the Carmelites had a prophetic dream, they saw a root from which grew two trees, one had three branches, all bearing flowers, but one a flower more pure and fragrant than all the rest{{nbsp}}[...] Then a voice was heard saying: "This root is our Emerentia, destined to have great descendants."<ref>Ann Moss: ''St Anne in Crisis'', in ''MacDonald and Twomey (eds) Schooling and Society, the ordering and reordering of knowledge in the western middle ages.'' 2004</ref>}}
+Another source is [[Johann Eck]], who related in a sermon that Anne's parents were named Stollanus and Emerentia.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01538a.htm Frederick G. Holweck 1907. ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' article: St Anne] "The renowned Father John of Eck of Ingolstadt, in a sermon on St. Anne (published at Paris in 1579), pretends to know even the names of the parents St. Anne. He calls them Stollanus and Emerentia. He says that St. Anne was born after Stollanus and Emerentia had been childless for twenty years"</ref>
 ===In art===
-Emerentia appears in a number of depictions of the [[Holy Kindred]], the pictorial and sometimes sculptural<ref> Virginia Nixon, 2004. ''Mary's Mother: Saint Anne in late medieval Europe'' p.152: "Occasionally Anne's parents, Emerentia and Stollanus, are also present.; [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/december2001/emerantia.html Virgin and Child, with St Anne and Emerentia, Circa 1515-30, Metropolitan Museum of Art]</ref> depiction of the ancestors and descendants of St Anne by many artists around the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th Century in Northern Europe.<ref>[http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/questions/yq2/yq377.html The Marian Library, International Marian Research Institute: What is the Holy Kindred?]; <!--author, article missing-->''Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten'' (Ministère de l'éducation nationale et de la culture/Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Antwerp, Belgium) 2002: "At the end of the middle ages, there was also regard for her mother, Emerentia, and a tradition concerning the ... Halfway along the stem sits a young Mary, and at the very top sits the infant Jesus with a small cross in his hand."</ref> Where Emerentia is featured in these groupings, which were often altarpieces, they are known as "Emerentia Selbviert"<ref>Virginia Nixon: "Mary's Mother, St Anne in Late Medieval Europe, Pennsylvania State University Press," p152.</ref> These rare examples of a matrilineal [[genealogy of Jesus]] have been found interesting by modern academics in the field of gender studies<ref>Pamela R. Frese and John M. Coggleshall; Transcending Boundaries, Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Gender, 1991, Bergin and Garvey.</ref>, and in feminist critiques of English literature, for example, Vanita argues that the feminine 'trinity' of Mary, her mother Anne and her Grandmother Emerentia is reflected in two of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays.<ref>Vanita, Ruth: Mariological memory in the Winter's Tale and Henry VIII (plays by William Shakespeare) Studies in English Literature, 1500 - 1900 March 22nd, 2000 "the medieval devotees of Mary did not worship her in isolation but in the context of a female lineage. The matrilineal holy kinship of Jesus consisted of his mother, grandmother Anne (whose cult was extremely popular in England), and great grandmother Emerentia, with the three often being depicted as a female trinity. Since Jesus' only human parent was a woman, his lineage was necessarily matrilineal."</ref>
+Emerentia appears in a number of depictions of the [[Holy Kinship]], the pictorial and sometimes sculptural<ref>Virginia Nixon, 2004. ''Mary's Mother: Saint Anne in late medieval Europe'' p.152: "Occasionally Anne's parents, Emerentia and Stollanus, are also present.; [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/december2001/emerantia.html Virgin and Child, with St Anne and Emerentia, Circa 1515–30, Metropolitan Museum of Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925020237/http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/december2001/emerantia.html |date=2012-09-25 }}</ref> depiction of the ancestors and descendants of St Anne by many artists around the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century in Northern Europe.<ref>[https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/h/holy-kindred.php The Marian Library, International Marian Research Institute: What is the Holy Kindred?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813221543/https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/h/holy-kindred.php |date=August 13, 2011 }}; <!--author, article missing-->''Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten'' (Ministère de l'éducation nationale et de la culture/Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Antwerp, Belgium) 2002: "At the end of the middle ages, there was also regard for her mother, Emerentia, and a tradition concerning the{{nbsp}}[...] Halfway along the stem sits a young Mary, and at the very top sits the infant Jesus with a small cross in his hand."</ref> Where Emerentia is featured in these groupings, which were often altarpieces, they are known as "Emerentia Selbviert".<ref>Virginia Nixon: "Mary's Mother, St Anne in Late Medieval Europe, Pennsylvania State University Press," p152.</ref> These rare examples of a matrilineal [[genealogy of Jesus]] have been found interesting by modern academics in the field of gender studies,<ref>Pamela R. Frese and John M. Coggleshall; Transcending Boundaries, Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Gender, 1991, Bergin and Garvey.</ref> and in feminist critiques of English literature, for example, Vanita argues that the feminine 'trinity' of Mary, her mother Anne and her grandmother Emerentia is reflected in two of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays.<ref>Vanita, Ruth: Mariological memory in the Winter's Tale and Henry VIII (plays by William Shakespeare) SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 March 22nd, 2000 "the medieval devotees of Mary did not worship her in isolation but in the context of a female lineage. The matrilineal holy kinship of Jesus consisted of his mother, grandmother Anne (whose cult was extremely popular in England), and great grandmother Emerentia, with the three often being depicted as a female trinity. Since Jesus' only human parent was a woman, his lineage was necessarily matrilineal."</ref>
 ==In 18th century and modern literature==
-In ''The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary From the Visions of [[Anna Catherine Emmerich]]'' (posth. 1852) Emerentia is known as "Emorun,"<ref>Carol Haenni: ''The Holy Women Around Jesus'' ([[Association for Research and Enlightenment]] Press), 2006.</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2011}} Emorun translates as 'noble woman'.<ref>Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm </ref> Emmerich describes in her visions how Emerentia lived as one of the [[Essenes]], a particularly devout wing of the Jewish faith that believed it was destined to produce the [[Messiah]], near mount Horeb, also known as [[Mount Carmel]] and relates the story of how a prophet entering the Cave of [[Elijah]] saw growing from Emerentia's heart.
+In ''The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary From the Visions of [[Anna Catherine Emmerich]]'' (1852), Emerentia is known as "Emorun,"<ref>Carol Haenni: ''The Holy Women Around Jesus'' ([[Association for Research and Enlightenment]] Press), 2006.</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2011}} which translates as "noble woman".<ref>Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328023026/http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm |date=2012-03-28 }}</ref> Emmerich describes in her visions how Emerentia lived as one of the [[Essenes]], a particularly devout wing of the Jewish faith that believed it was destined to produce the [[Messiah]], near [[Mount Carmel]], and relates the story of how a prophet, entering the Cave of [[Elijah]], saw the following growing from Emerentia's heart:
-<blockquote>
-"a rose tree with three branches, with a rose on each of them. The rose on the second branch was marked with a letter, I think an 'M.' He saw still more. An angel wrote letters on the wall; I saw Archos rise up as if awaking and read these letters. I forget the details. He then went down from the cave and announced to the maiden who was awaiting his answer that she was to marry and that her sixth suitor was to be her husband. She would bear a child, marked with a sign, who was chosen out of a vessel of election in preparation for the coming of the Savior."<ref>Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm</ref>
+{{blockquote|[A] rose tree with three branches, with a rose on each of them. The rose on the second branch was marked with a letter, I think an "M." He saw still more. An angel wrote letters on the wall; I saw Archos rise up as if awaking and read these letters. I forget the details. He then went down from the cave and announced to the maiden who was awaiting his answer that she was to marry and that her sixth suitor was to be her husband. She would bear a child, marked with a sign, who was chosen out of a vessel of election in preparation for the coming of the Savior.<ref>Michael Brown, Spirit Daily, "Mystic described 'ancestors' of Blessed Mary and signs preceding her holy birth" http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328023026/http://www.spiritdaily.net/emmerichmarylife1.htm |date=2012-03-28 }}</ref>}}
-</blockquote>
 == References ==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}
+== External links ==
+* [http://www.christianiconography.info/emerentia.html Saint Emerentia] at the [http://www.christianiconography.info Christian Iconography] web site
-[[category:Mary (mother of Jesus)]]
+[[Category:Mary, mother of Jesus]]
-[[category:Roman Catholic Church art]]
+[[Category:Catholic art]]
-[[category:Roman Catholic Mariology]]
+[[Category:Catholic Mariology]]
+[[Category:Family of Jesus]]
+[[Category:Judean people]]