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{{Infobox royalty
'''Mansa Uli''' ({{lang-fr|'''Ouli'''}}), also known as '''Ali''' or '''Wali''' in Arab sources, was the second [[Mansa (title)|mansa]] of the [[Mali Empire]].
|
|succession = [[Mansa (title)|Mansa]] of [[Mali Empire|Mali]]
|predecessor = [[Sunjata]]
|successor = [[Wati (mansa)|Wati]]
|issue = [[Gao (mansa)|Qu]]
|religion = [[Islam]]
}}


'''Mansa Uli''',{{efn|The Arabic spelling is ولي, which can be read as ''Walī'' or ''Ūlī''. Ibn Khaldun reports that the name is equivalent to [[Ali (name)|Ali]].<ref name=Khaldun>{{harvnb|Ibn Khaldun}} translated in {{harvnb|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000|p=333}}</ref> Levtzion has interpreted the name as Walī, which resembles the name Ali more closely, but Conrad has noted that Ūlī is closer to the name Yérélin Kon recorded in oral tradition.{{sfn|Conrad|1994|p=363}} Niane has rendered the name as Oulin.{{sfn|Niane|1959}}}} also known as '''Yérélinkon''',{{efn|name=yerelinkon|The name Yerelinkon is recorded from oral tradition. Recorded variants include Yérélin Kon, Dourounin Kon, Jurunin Kon, and Yerélinkong.{{sfn|Conrad|1994|p=363}}{{sfn|Person|1981|p=632}}}} was the second [[Mansa (title)|mansa]] of the [[Mali Empire]]. He was the son and successor of [[Sunjata]].
Born under the name Yérélinkon, he was the only biological son of the legendary [[Sundiata Keita]]. The mansas that followed Uli, Ouati and Khalifa, were the children of Sundiata Keita's brother, adopted by Sundiata to be raised as members of the Keita clan.


Uli was one of the greatest rulers of Mali.<ref name=Khaldun/> The 20th-century historian Nehemia Levtzion suggested that Uli may have been the first mansa of Mali to extend his rule to [[Walata]], [[Timbuktu]], and [[Gao]], though Timbuktu and Gao are usually regarded as later additions to the empire.{{efn|The primary sources attribute the conquest of Gao to [[Mansa Sakura]] or [[Mansa Musa]], and the conquest of Timbuktu to Mansa Musa. They do not record Uli as having done so. Levtzion suggests that control of Timbuktu, and perhaps Gao, would have been necessary for Uli to go on the hajj, and that Mali struggled to keep control of Gao, resulting in the conflicting accounts of which mansa conquered it.{{sfn|Levtzion|1980|p=75}} The [[Timbuktu Chronicles]] claim that the founder of the Sonni dynasty, Ali Kolon, liberated Gao from Mali and that the fifth member of the Sonni dynasty was ruling during Musa's hajj, suggesting a long period of time elapsed between the initial conquest of Gao and Musa's reign.{{sfn|Levtzion|1980|p=76}}}}
According to oral sources Sundiata's brother, Manding Bory Keita (alias [[Abubakari Keita I]]), was supposed to ascend to the throne since Uli was too young to ascend the throne the time of his father's death. Instead, the ambitious prince seized the throne for himself in 1255 and began a campaign of territorial expansion into West Africa.


Uli went on the [[hajj]] at some point between 1260 and 1277.{{efn|His hajj was during the reign of [[Baibars]], which was from 1260 to 1277.{{sfn|Levtzion|1963|p=344}}}}
Mansa Uli Keita also significantly increased the empire's agricultural production. On an economic and political level, Uli set a precedent by making the [[Hajj]] to [[Mecca]] during his reign. Unlike his father, Mansa Wali gave birth to the [[Suling Jatta| Jatta]] clan that ruled the [[Kombo|Kingdom of Kombo]], which left the throne to be fought over by his adopted brothers. During the ensuing power struggle, [[Ouati Keita]] seized the throne, thereby again sidelining Manding Bory.


Uli was apparently succeeded by his brother [[Wati (mansa)|Wati]],<ref name=Khaldun/> who is not attested by oral tradition.{{sfn|Niane|1959}} Some oral traditions assert that Uli was Sunjata's only biological son, though Sunjata may have adopted others.{{sfn|Niane|1959}}
Mansa Uli was a great leader and soon gave birth to the richest person in the world, [[Mansa Musa]]. Mansa Musa spread the Islamic culture through much of West Africa. Mansa Musa also gave out free gold on his way to Mecca.
==Sources==
*[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.guinee.net/bibliotheque/archives/rechAfric/1959/remma.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=3&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DMali%2BEmpire,%2Bfarin%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D Research on the Mali Empire in the Golden Age]


Uli had a son, [[Gao (mansa)|Qu]], who would gain the throne during the early 14th century.
==External links==
*[http://www.bu.edu/africa/outbeach/materials/handouts/SUNDIATA.pdf PDF: Guide to ''Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali'']{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} from the Boston University's African Studies Center{{deadlink|date=July 2012}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050830161045/http://globaled.org/nyworld/materials/african3.html Early Malian biographies]


==See also==
==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}
*[[Mali Empire]]

*[[Keita Dynasty]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
*{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S002185370002675X|issn=0021-8537|volume=35|issue=3|pages=355–377|last=Conrad|first=David C.|title=A Town Called Dakajalan: The Sunjata Tradition and the Question of Ancient Mali's Capital|journal=[[The Journal of African History]]|year=1994|s2cid=162273464}}
*{{citation|last=Ibn Khaldun|author-link=Ibn Khaldun|title=Kitab al-'Ibar}}
*{{cite journal|first=N.|last=Levtzion|year=1963|title=The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century kings of Mali|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=4|issue=3|pages=341–353|doi=10.1017/S002185370000428X|jstor=180027|s2cid=162413528}}
*{{cite book|publisher=Africana Publishing Company| isbn = 0-8419-0431-6|last=Levtzion|first=Nehemia|title=Ancient Ghana and Mali|location=New York, N.Y|year=1980|orig-date=1973}}
*{{citation|editor1-last=Levtzion|editor1-first=Nehemia|editor-first2=John F. P.|editor-last2=Hopkins|title=Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa|publisher=Marcus Weiner Press|place=New York, NY|year=2000|isbn=1-55876-241-8|orig-date=1981}}.
*{{cite journal|first=Djibril Tamsir|last=Niane|title=Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Age|year=1959|journal=Recherches Africaines|language=fr|url= http://www.guinee.net/bibliotheque/archives/rechAfric/1959/remma.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519215227/http://www.guinee.net:80/bibliotheque/archives/rechAfric/1959/remma.html|archive-date=2007-05-19|oclc=2425528}}
*{{cite journal|pages=613–653|last=Person|first=Yves|title=Nyaani Mansa Mamudu et la fin de l 'empire du Mali|year=1981|volume=2}}
{{refend}}


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{{Mansas of Mali Empire}}
{{Mansas of Mali Empire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keita, Mansa Wali}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Keita, Mansa Wali}}
[[Category:Mansas of Mali]]
[[Category:Mansas of the Mali Empire]]
[[Category:1270 deaths]]
[[Category:1270 deaths]]
[[Category:Mali Empire]]
[[Category:13th-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:13th-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

[[Category:Keita family]]


{{Guinea-bio-stub}}
{{Guinea-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:25, 2 July 2024

Uli I of Mali
Mansa of Mali
PredecessorSunjata
SuccessorWati
IssueQu
ReligionIslam

Mansa Uli,[a] also known as Yérélinkon,[b] was the second mansa of the Mali Empire. He was the son and successor of Sunjata.

Uli was one of the greatest rulers of Mali.[1] The 20th-century historian Nehemia Levtzion suggested that Uli may have been the first mansa of Mali to extend his rule to Walata, Timbuktu, and Gao, though Timbuktu and Gao are usually regarded as later additions to the empire.[c]

Uli went on the hajj at some point between 1260 and 1277.[d]

Uli was apparently succeeded by his brother Wati,[1] who is not attested by oral tradition.[3] Some oral traditions assert that Uli was Sunjata's only biological son, though Sunjata may have adopted others.[3]

Uli had a son, Qu, who would gain the throne during the early 14th century.

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Arabic spelling is ولي, which can be read as Walī or Ūlī. Ibn Khaldun reports that the name is equivalent to Ali.[1] Levtzion has interpreted the name as Walī, which resembles the name Ali more closely, but Conrad has noted that Ūlī is closer to the name Yérélin Kon recorded in oral tradition.[2] Niane has rendered the name as Oulin.[3]
  2. ^ The name Yerelinkon is recorded from oral tradition. Recorded variants include Yérélin Kon, Dourounin Kon, Jurunin Kon, and Yerélinkong.[2][4]
  3. ^ The primary sources attribute the conquest of Gao to Mansa Sakura or Mansa Musa, and the conquest of Timbuktu to Mansa Musa. They do not record Uli as having done so. Levtzion suggests that control of Timbuktu, and perhaps Gao, would have been necessary for Uli to go on the hajj, and that Mali struggled to keep control of Gao, resulting in the conflicting accounts of which mansa conquered it.[5] The Timbuktu Chronicles claim that the founder of the Sonni dynasty, Ali Kolon, liberated Gao from Mali and that the fifth member of the Sonni dynasty was ruling during Musa's hajj, suggesting a long period of time elapsed between the initial conquest of Gao and Musa's reign.[6]
  4. ^ His hajj was during the reign of Baibars, which was from 1260 to 1277.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Ibn Khaldun translated in Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, p. 333
  2. ^ a b Conrad 1994, p. 363.
  3. ^ a b c Niane 1959.
  4. ^ Person 1981, p. 632.
  5. ^ Levtzion 1980, p. 75.
  6. ^ Levtzion 1980, p. 76.
  7. ^ Levtzion 1963, p. 344.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Conrad, David C. (1994). "A Town Called Dakajalan: The Sunjata Tradition and the Question of Ancient Mali's Capital". The Journal of African History. 35 (3): 355–377. doi:10.1017/S002185370002675X. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 162273464.
  • Ibn Khaldun, Kitab al-'Ibar
  • Levtzion, N. (1963). "The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century kings of Mali". The Journal of African History. 4 (3): 341–353. doi:10.1017/S002185370000428X. JSTOR 180027. S2CID 162413528.
  • Levtzion, Nehemia (1980) [1973]. Ancient Ghana and Mali. New York, N.Y: Africana Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8419-0431-6.
  • Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P., eds. (2000) [1981], Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN 1-55876-241-8.
  • Niane, Djibril Tamsir (1959). "Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Age". Recherches Africaines (in French). OCLC 2425528. Archived from the original on 2007-05-19.
  • Person, Yves (1981). "Nyaani Mansa Mamudu et la fin de l 'empire du Mali". 2: 613–653. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Preceded by Mansa of the Mali Empire
1255–1270 		Succeeded by


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