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{{short description|German World War II submarine}}
{{other ships|German submarine U-104}}
{{other ships|German submarine U-104}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
⚫
|Ship image=Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MW-4260-37, Lorient, U-Boote U-123 und U-201 auslaufend.jpg
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=''U-123''–an identical U-boat to ''U-104''–leaving Lorient on 8 June 1941
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship launched=25 May 1940
|Ship launched=25 May 1940
|Ship commissioned=19 August 1940
|Ship commissioned=19 August 1940
|Ship status=Missing since 28 November 1940 northwest of [[Ireland]]. All 49 of her crew are presumed lost<ref name="uboatnet"/>
|Ship fate=Sunk by mine around 28 November 1940 in the North Atlantic northwest of Tory Island<ref name="uboatnet"/>
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[German Type IXB submarine]]
|Ship class=[[Type IXB submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|1051|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1051|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1178|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
*{{convert|1178|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length=
|Ship length=
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|Ship height={{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height={{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|ship speed=
|Ship speed=
*{{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
*{{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
Line 53: Line 55:
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (4 bow, 2 stern)
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (4 bow, 2 stern)
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*1 × {{convert|10.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}[[deck gun]] (180 rounds)
*1 × [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/32]] [[deck gun]] (180 rounds)
*1 × {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} AA gun
*1 × [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] AA gun
*1 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30]] AA guns
*1 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30]] AA guns
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
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|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=8 June 2010
|access-date=8 June 2010
}}</ref><ref name=Patrols>{{cite web
}}</ref><ref name=Patrols>{{cite web
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u104.html
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u104.html
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|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=8 June 2010
|access-date=8 June 2010
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|partof=
|partof=
*[[2nd U-boat Flotilla]]
*[[2nd U-boat Flotilla]]
*19 August 1940–31 October 1940
*19 August 1940 – 28 November 1940
⚫
|codes=M 07 089
*[[2nd U-boat Flotilla]]
⚫
*1 November 1940–28 November 1940
⚫
|codes=
|commanders=
|commanders=
*''[[Kptlt.]]'' [[Harald Jürst]]
*''[[Kptlt.]]'' [[Harald Jürst]]
*19 August 1940–28 November 1940
*19 August 1940 – 28 November 1940
|operations=
|operations=*1 patrol:
⚫
*12 – 28 November 1940
|victories=
|victories=
*1 merchant ship sunk <br>({{GRT|8,240}})
*1 merchant ship damaged <br>({{GRT|10,516}})
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''German submarine ''U-104''''' was a [[German Type IX submarine#Type IXB|Type IXB]] [[U-boat]] of [[Nazi Germany]]'s ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' during [[World War II]]. She was ordered by the ''Kriegsmarine'' on 24 May 1938 as part of the German naval rearmament program [[Plan Z]]. Her keel was laid down by [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]] in [[Bremen]] in November 1939. Following about six and a half months of construction, she was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] in May 1940 and formally [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] into the ''Kriegsmarine'' in August 1940.
'''German submarine ''U-104''''' was a [[Type IX submarine#Type IXB|Type IXB]] [[U-boat]] of [[Nazi Germany]]'s ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' during [[World War II]]. She was ordered by the ''Kriegsmarine'' on 24 May 1938 as part of the German naval rearmament program [[Plan Z]]. Her keel was laid down by [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]] in [[Bremen]] in November 1939. Following about six and a half months of construction, she was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 25 May 1940 and formally [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] into the ''Kriegsmarine'' on 19 August 1940.


''U-104'' had a very short career, sinking just one enemy vessel and damaging one other during one war patrol. In the middle of her first patrol, ''U-104'' was posted missing off the north coast of [[Ireland]] on 28 November 1940 and was presumed sunk in minefield SN 44, which was laid a few days prior to her arrival in the area.
''U-104'' had a very short career, sinking just one enemy vessel and damaging one other during one war patrol. In the middle of her first patrol, ''U-104'' was posted missing off the north coast of Ireland on 30 November 1940 and was presumed sunk in [[Northern Barrage|minefield SN 44]], which was laid a few days prior to her arrival in the area.


==Construction and design==
==Construction and design==


===Construction===
===Construction===
{{main|German Type IX submarine}}
{{main|Type IX submarine}}
''U-104'' was ordered by the ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' on 24 May 1938 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). Her keel was laid down on 10 November 1939 by [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]] in [[Bremen]] as yard number 967. ''U-104'' was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 25 May 1940 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 19 August of that year under the command of ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' [[Harald Jürst]].<ref name="uboatnet"/>
''U-104'' was ordered by the ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' on 24 May 1938 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). Her keel was laid down on 10 November 1939 by [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]] in [[Bremen]] as yard number 967. ''U-104'' was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 25 May 1940 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 19 August of that year under the command of ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' [[Harald Jürst]].<ref name="uboatnet"/>


===Design===
===Design===
⚫
[[Type IXA submarine]]s were slightly larger than the original [[Type IXA submarine|Type IX submarines]], later designated IXA.<ref name=Type>{{cite web
⚫
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MW-4260-37, Lorient, U-Boote U-123 und U-201 auslaufend.jpg|300px|left|thumb|''U-123''–an identical U-boat to ''U-104''–leaving Lorient on 8 June 1941]]
⚫
[[German Type IXA submarine]]s were slightly larger than the original [[German Type IXA submarine|German Type IX submarines]], later designated IXA.<ref name=Type>{{cite web
|url=http://uboat.net/types/ixb.htm
|url=http://uboat.net/types/ixb.htm
|title=Type IXB
|title=Type IXB
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|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=U-Boat War in World War II - uboat.net
|website=U-Boat War in World War II - uboat.net
|accessdate=8 June 2010
|access-date=8 June 2010
}}</ref> ''U-104'' had a displacement of {{convert|1051|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1178|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.50|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, nine-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}
}}</ref> ''U-104'' had a displacement of {{convert|1051|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1178|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.50|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, nine-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}


The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.2|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|64|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12000|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-104'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 [[torpedo]]es, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on}} anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.2|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|64|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12000|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-104'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 [[torpedo]]es, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] as well as a [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}


==Service history==
==Service history==
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|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=8 June 2010
|access-date=8 June 2010
}}</ref> The other merchant vessel was the British motor tanker ''Charles F. Meyer'', of [[convoy HX 87]], which survived the attack. The next day, ''U-104'' went missing just north of neutral Ireland. She is presumed to have been sunk by a mine from the SN 44 minefield, which was laid on 8 November 1940, just 20 days prior to ''U-104''{{'}}s disappearance.<ref name=Patrol1>{{cite web
}}</ref> The other merchant vessel was the British motor tanker ''Charles F. Meyer'', of [[convoy HX 87]], which survived the attack. The next day, ''U-104'' went missing just north of neutral Ireland. She is presumed to have been sunk by a mine from the SN 44 minefield, which was laid on 8 November 1940, just 20 days prior to ''U-104''{{'}}s disappearance.<ref name=Patrol1>{{cite web
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3703.html
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3703.html
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|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=8 June 2010
|access-date=8 June 2010
}}</ref> All of her crew are presumed dead.<ref name="uboatnet"/>
}}</ref> All of her crew are presumed dead.<ref name="uboatnet"/>


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!Nationality
!Nationality
!Tonnage
!Tonnage
!Fate
!Fate<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u104.html
|title=Ships hit by U-104
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|access-date=3 October 2014
}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="right"|27 November 1940
|align="right"|27 November 1940
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 }}
*{{cite book
*{{cite book
|last1=Busch
|last1=Busch
Line 162: Line 172:
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|series=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|publisher=Mittler
Line 168: Line 179:
|year=1999
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|language=de

|ref=harv
}}
}}
*{{cite book
*{{cite book
|last1=Gröner
|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|first3=Martin
Line 189: Line 196:
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|series=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGröner1991
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}
}}


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|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=8 June 2010
|access-date=8 June 2010
}}
}}
*{{cite web
*{{cite web
Line 213: Line 220:
|first=Markus
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|language=German
|language=de
|accessdate=2014-12-06
|access-date=2014-12-06
}}
}}


{{coord|55|30|N|8|0|W|display=title}}
{{coord|55|30|N|8|0|W|display=title}}
{{German Type IXB submarines}}
{{German Type IXB submarines}}
{{November 1940 shipwrecks}}

{{Good article}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
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[[Category:World War II submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:1940 ships]]
[[Category:1940 ships]]
[[Category:Missing U-boats]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk by mines]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk by mines]]

Latest revision as of 11:08, 2 July 2024

For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-104.
U-123–an identical U-boat to U-104–leaving Lorient on 8 June 1941
History
Nazi Germany
NameU-104
Ordered24 May 1938
BuilderDeSchiMAG AG Weser, Bremen
Yard number967
Laid down10 November 1939
Launched25 May 1940
Commissioned19 August 1940
FateSunk by mine around 28 November 1940 in the North Atlantic northwest of Tory Island[1]
General characteristics
Class and typeType IXB submarine
Displacement
  • 1,051 t (1,034 long tons) surfaced
  • 1,178 t (1,159 long tons) submerged
Length
Beam
  • 6.76 m (22 ft 2 in) o/a
  • 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught4.70 m (15 ft 5 in)
Installed power
  • 4,400 PS (3,200 kW; 4,300 bhp) (diesels)
  • 1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 18.2 kn (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) surfaced
  • 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) submerged
Range
  • 12,000 nmi (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 64 nmi (119 km; 74 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth230 m (750 ft)
Complement4 officers, 44 enlisted
Armament
Service record[1][2]
Part of:
Identification codes: M 07 089
Commanders:
Operations:
  • 1 patrol:
  • 12 – 28 November 1940
Victories:
  • 1 merchant ship sunk
    (8,240 GRT)
  • 1 merchant ship damaged
    (10,516 GRT)

German submarine U-104 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938 as part of the German naval rearmament program Plan Z. Her keel was laid down by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen in November 1939. Following about six and a half months of construction, she was launched on 25 May 1940 and formally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 19 August 1940.

U-104 had a very short career, sinking just one enemy vessel and damaging one other during one war patrol. In the middle of her first patrol, U-104 was posted missing off the north coast of Ireland on 30 November 1940 and was presumed sunk in minefield SN 44, which was laid a few days prior to her arrival in the area.

Construction and design

[edit]

Construction

[edit]
Main article: Type IX submarine

U-104 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). Her keel was laid down on 10 November 1939 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 967. U-104 was launched on 25 May 1940 and commissioned on 19 August of that year under the command of Kapitänleutnant Harald Jürst.[1]

Design

[edit]

Type IXA submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IX submarines, later designated IXA.[3] U-104 had a displacement of 1,051 tonnes (1,034 long tons) when at the surface and 1,178 tonnes (1,159 long tons) while submerged.[4] The U-boat had a total length of 76.50 m (251 ft), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.76 m (22 ft 2 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 metric horsepower (740 kW; 990 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[4]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph).[4] When submerged, the boat could operate for 64 nautical miles (119 km; 74 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,000 nautical miles (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-104 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.[4]

Service history

[edit]

During her short career, U-104 sank one enemy vessel and damaged another on her first and only war patrol in the North Sea, off the northern coast of Ireland and Great Britain.[1] She went to sea on her first and only war patrol on 12 November 1940. For a period of 17 days, she roamed the North Sea and eventually the northern coast of Scotland and Ireland in search of any Allied convoys heading to Great Britain. During that time she attacked two enemy vessels, sinking one and damaging the other.[5] On 27 November 1940, U-104 torpedoed and sank the British merchant vessel Diplomat, a straggler of convoy HX 88, with the loss of 14 of her crew.[6] The other merchant vessel was the British motor tanker Charles F. Meyer, of convoy HX 87, which survived the attack. The next day, U-104 went missing just north of neutral Ireland. She is presumed to have been sunk by a mine from the SN 44 minefield, which was laid on 8 November 1940, just 20 days prior to U-104's disappearance.[5] All of her crew are presumed dead.[1]

Summary of raiding history

[edit]
Date Ship Nationality Tonnage Fate[7]
27 November 1940 Charles F. Meyer  United Kingdom 10,516 Damaged
27 November 1940 Diplomat  United Kingdom 8,240 Sunk

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXB boat U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  2. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "War Patrols by U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  3. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Type IXB". U-Boat War in World War II - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, p. 68.
  5. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-104 (First patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  6. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Diplomat (Steam merchant)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  7. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 October 2014.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
[edit]
  • Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXB boat U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  • Hofmann, Markus. "U 104". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2014.

55°30′N 8°0′W / 55.500°N 8.000°W / 55.500; -8.000

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