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'''Teresa S. Wiley''' is the author of ''Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar and Survival'',<ref>{{cite book | last = Wiley | first = TS |author2=Bent Formby |author2-link=Bent Formby | title = Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar, and Survival | publisher = [[Atria (imprint)|Atria]] |date=February 27, 2001 | isbn = 0-671-03868-0}}</ref> and ''Sex, Lies and Menopause''.<ref name = "SLM">{{cite book | last = Wiley | first = TS | title = Sex, Lies, and Menopause: The Shocking Truth About Synthetic Hormones and the Benefits of Natural Alternatives |author2=Julie Taguchi |author3=Bent Formby | publisher = Harper Paperback imprint of [[HarperCollins]] |date=September 14, 2004 | isbn = 0-06-054234-9 }}</ref> She writes about women's health, particularly sleep and hormonal issues, [[Hormone replacement therapy (menopause)|hormone replacement therapy]] and [[bioidentical hormone replacement therapy]]. Wiley has developed her own version of BHRT known as the [[Wiley Protocol]], though she has been strongly criticized for lacking the relevant credentials and potentially putting women at risk with an unproven, untested intervention that uses possibly dangerously high doses of hormones.
'''T.S. Wiley''' is the author of ''Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar and Survival''<ref>{{cite book
| last = Wiley
| first = T.S.
| coauthors = Bent Formby
| title = Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar, and Survival
| publisher = [[Atria]]
| date = February 27, 2001
| isbn = 0671038680}}
</ref>, and ''Sex, Lies and Menopause''<ref>{{cite book
| last = Wiley
| first = T.S.
| title = Sex, Lies, and Menopause: The Shocking Truth About Synthetic Hormones and the Benefits of Natural Alternatives
| coauthors = Julie Taguchi, Bent Formby
| publisher = Harper Paperback imprint of [[HarperCollins]]
| date = September 14, 2004
| isbn = 0060542349 }}
</ref>. She writes about women's health, particularly sleep and hormonal issues and [[Hormone replacement therapy|hormone replacement therapy]].


==Writings and beliefs==
==Writings and beliefs==
Wiley's main thesis in ''Lights Out'' is that light is a [[physiology|physiological]] trigger that controls [[dopamine]] and [[Hormone|hormones]] like [[cortisol]]. Wiley posits that with the extension of the natural day through artificial lighting, rest at the hormonal levels is rarely adequate for optimum biological needs of the body. In her view, this results in both fatigue and unnatural appetite, which leads to weight gain, exhaustion and disease.
Wiley's main thesis in ''Lights Out'' is that light is a [[physiology|physiological]] trigger that controls [[dopamine]] and [[hormone]]s like [[cortisol]]. Wiley posits that with the extension of the natural day through artificial lighting, rest at the hormonal level is rarely adequate for optimum biological needs of the body. In her view, this results in both fatigue and unnatural appetite, which leads to weight gain, exhaustion and disease. Wiley theorizes that the body's responses are cyclical, reflecting the seasons of the year, and that the body's needs vary seasonally. According to Wiley, during the winter months the body needs more sleep, and [[carbohydrate]]s should be restricted as they would have been naturally during hunter-gatherer times.


Wiley is listed as co-author of three scientific journal articles along with biochemist [[Bent Formby]] between 1998 and 2001.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Formby | first = Bent |author2=T.S. Wiley | title = Progesterone inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells: inverse effects on Bcl-2 and p53 | journal = [[Ann Clin Lab Sci]] | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | year = 1998 | pages = 360–9 | pmid = 9846203 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Formby | first = Bent |author2=T.S. Wiley | title = Bcl-2, survivin and variant CD44 v7-v10 are downregulated and p53 is upregulated in breast cancer cells by progesterone: inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis | journal = [[Mol Cell Biochem]] | volume = 202 | issue = 1–2 | year = 1999 | pages = 53–61 | pmid = 10705995 | doi = 10.1023/A:1007081021483| s2cid = 25532485 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = R Stern |author2=S Shuster |author3=TS Wiley |author4=B Formby | title = Hyaluronidase can modulate expression of CD44 | journal = [[Exp Cell Res]] | volume = 266 | issue = 1 | year = 2001 | pages = 167–76 | pmid = 11339835 | doi = 10.1006/excr.2001.5206 }}</ref>
Wiley argues that the body's responses are cyclical, reflecting the seasons of the year, and that the body's needs vary seasonally. According to Wiley, during the winter months the body needs more [[sleep]], and [[carbohydrates]] should be restricted as they would have been naturally during hunter-gatherer times.


===The Wiley Protocol===
In her follow-up book, ''Sex, Lies and Menopause'', Wiley argues that imbalances in hormones like [[estrogen]], [[progesterone]], [[insulin]], [[cortisol]], and [[prolactin]], among others, are the root cause of age-related diseases, including [[cancer]], [[Coronary heart disease|heart disease]], [[diabetes]], [[stroke]], and [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's]]. These imbalances, Wiley claims, can be attributed to deviations from humankind's natural state&mdash;artificial light, sleeping too much in the summer and not enough during winter, and eating fruit during winter months&mdash;and indirectly to women's liberation, insofar as it has lead to the increased use of contraceptives, deferral of child bearing into the 20s and 30s, less frequent childbirth, and reduced breastfeeding. The solution Wiley offers for women is to recreate the youthful levels and monthly cycles of estrogen and progesterone in the body, in effect fooling nature into thinking that the organism is still young and reproductive and should not be culled from the ecosystem. In this way age-related diseases may be prevented or cured, and perhaps even death may be averted indefinitely<ref>{{ cite book
{{main|Wiley Protocol}}
| title = Sex, Lies, and Menopause
Wiley wrote a second book, ''Sex, Lies and Menopause'', in which she claims that hormone imbalances cause many age-related diseases, and these imbalances are caused by humans straying from "natural" rhythms of light, seasonal eating and child birth. Wiley claims that mimicking the levels and cycles of estrogen and progesterone found in a 20-year-old woman will prevent or treat age-related diseases.<ref name = "SLM"/> Subsequent to the book's publication, this hormone regimen became known as the "[[Wiley protocol]]" and Wiley created a [[Compounding|pharmaceutical compounding]] program that pharmacists could contract into, stipulating compounding methods, materials, testing, packaging and recommended pricing in exchange for Wiley's company providing the packaging materials bearing the Wiley protocol's trademark.
| pages = p. 64 }}
</ref>. Wiley argues that conventional hormone replacement therapy is ineffective and dangerous, advocating instead cyclical dosing of [[Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy|bioidential hormones]]. Appendix I of the book describes a specific dosing schedule for estrogen and progesterone.


Former actress [[Suzanne Somers]] advocates the Wiley Protocol in her book ''Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Somers | first = Suzanne | author-link = Suzanne Somers | title = Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones | publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-307-23724-9 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/agelessnakedtrut00some }}</ref>
Subsequent to the book's publication, Wiley named her hormone regimen "The Wiley Protocol" and began selling branded Wiley Protocol hormones through pharmacies. These pharmacists must pay fees for registration and materials and agree to a contract stipulating compounding methods, materials, packaging, recommended pricing, and royalties to be paid to Wiley. In addition they must post a sign in their window declaring their participation in the Wiley program. In return Wiley offers to drive business to the pharmacist via links from her website, recommendations, and a mention in her upcoming book.


==Controversy==
Wiley offers free hormones to women who refer a pharmacy for registration and also offers a training and certification program for physicians.
Wiley has been criticized for promoting her version of BHRT without proper qualifications or scientific evidence. On October 11, 2006, Erika Schwartz, [[Diana Schwarzbein]], and five other [[Doctor of Medicine|MDs]] who have worked with BHRT during their careers issued a public letter to Suzanne Somers and her publisher, [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]], criticizing Somers' endorsement of Wiley's protocol. In the letter they alleged that the Wiley Protocol is "scientifically unproven and dangerous" and that Wiley has no medical or clinical qualifications;<ref>{{cite web | last = Schwartz | first = Erika |author2=Schwarzbein, D.| title = Letter to Suzanne Somers |date=October 11, 2006 | url = http://drerika.typepad.com/notepad/2006/10/letter_to_suzan.html|display-authors=etal}}</ref> other criticisms of the protocol itself have stated that the levels of hormone are dangerously high.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Summary of the American College for Advancement in Medicine May 2005 Conference: Menopause, Andropause: Power in Transition |vauthors=Feig SA, Hynote E, Speight N, Magaziner A, Miranda RA, Schachter MA | journal = Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | date= September 2005 | pages = 416 | doi = 10.1093/ecam/neh113 | pmc=1193553}}</ref><ref name = Rosenthalmenopause>{{cite journal |author=Rosenthal MS |title=The Wiley Protocol: an analysis of ethical issues |journal= [[Menopause (journal)|Menopause]] |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=1014–22 |year=2008 |pmid=18551081 |doi=10.1097/gme.0b013e318178862e |s2cid=196421747 }}</ref> Wiley has claimed on her website and in speaking engagements that she earned a B.A. in anthropology from [[Webster University]] in 1975. On November 27, 2006, [[Newsweek]] reported that Webster has no record of this degree.<ref name = Newsweek>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/44568|title=A Real Somers Storm: At war over Suzanne Somers's book on 'bioidenticals'|publisher=Newsweek|date=November 13, 2006|access-date=2008-10-09}}</ref> Wiley's bio page was then changed to "Pending B.A. in Anthropology, Webster University, 1975" and then again to "Attended the B.A. Program in Anthropology, Webster University, 1970-1975". [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] reported on February 16, 2007, that, according to Webster, she received only a blank diploma.<ref name = Newsweek/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/print?id=2874767|publisher=ABC News, 20/20|title=Suzanne Somers: Super Saleswoman: Has Somers Found the Fountain of Youth?|author1=Sherr, Lynn |author2=Glenn Ruppel|date= 2007-02-16|access-date=2008-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/15/fashion/15suzanne.html?pagewanted=all|title=A Battle Over 'Juice of Youth'|work=New York Times|author=Ellin, Abby|date=October 15, 2006|access-date=2007-12-01}}</ref>


==Senate testimony==
[[Suzanne Somers]] advocates the Wiley Protocol and describes her experience with it in her book ''Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones''<ref>{{cite book
On April 19, 2007, Wiley appeared as a witness before the Senate Special Committee on Aging to give testimony at a hearing in which the safety and oversight of BHRT and compounding pharmacy were discussed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aging.senate.gov/hearings/bioidentical-hormones-sound-science-or-bad-medicine&|title=Hearings: Bioidentical Hormones: Sound Science or Bad Medicine?|date=April 19, 2007|publisher=United States Senate Special Committee on Aging|access-date=2007-12-01}}</ref>
| last = Somers
| first = Suzanne
| authorlink = Suzanne Somers
| title = Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones
| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group]]
| date = 2006
| isbn = 0-307-23724-9 }}</ref>.


==Credentials==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
Wiley has claimed on her website and in speaking engagements that she earned a B.A. in anthropology from [[Webster University]] in 1975. On November 27, 2006, [[Newsweek]] reported that Webster has no record of this degree<ref>{{cite web
| last = Wingert
| first = Pat
| title = Health Gurus: Questionable Claims
| date = November 11, 2006
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15791227/site/newsweek/
}}
</ref>. Wiley's bio page was then changed to "Pending B.A. in Anthropology, Webster University, 1975" and then again to "Attended the B.A. Program in Anthropology, Webster University, 1970-1975". [[ABC News]] reported on February 16, 2007, that, according to Webster, she received only a blank diploma<ref>{{ cite web
| last = Scherr
| first = Lynn
| authorlink = Lynn Scherr
| coauthors = Glenn Ruppel
| title = Suzanne Somers: Super Saleswoman - Has Somers Found the Fountain of Youth?
| date = February 16, 2007
| url = http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=2874767
}}</ref>.


==External links==
Wiley is listed as co-author of three scientific journal articles along with Dr. Bent Formby, spanning a three-year period<ref>{{cite journal
*[http://www.thewileyprotocol.com/ Wiley Protocol's official web site]
| last = Formby
*[http://wileywatch.org/ Wiley Watch], a website critical of Wiley
| first = Bent
| coauthors = T.S. Wiley
| title = Progesterone inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells: inverse effects on Bcl-2 and p53
| journal = Ann Clin Lab Sci.
| volume = 28
| issue = 6
| year = 1998
| pages = 360-9
| id = PMID 9846203 }}
</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Formby
| first = Bent
| coauthors = T.S. Wiley
| title = Bcl-2, survivin and variant CD44 v7-v10 are downregulated and p53 is upregulated in breast cancer cells by progesterone: inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis
| journal = Mol Cell Biochem.
| volume = 202
| issue = 1-2
| year = 1999
| pages = 53-61
| id = PMID 10705995}}
</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal
| author = R Stern
| coauthors = S Shuster, TS Wiley, B Formby
| title = Hyaluronidase can modulate expression of CD44
| journal = Exp Cell Res.
| volume = 266
| issue = 1
| year = 2001
| pages = 167-76
| id = PMID 11339835 }}
</ref>. Formby later described his appointment of Wiley as a guest investigator at the [http://www.sansum.org/ Sansum Medical Research Institute] for 3 months as a favor and that he believed he had been "used" in making this appointment<ref>{{cite web
| first = Deborah
| last = Vanderstadt
| title = The Truth About T.S. Wiley's Credentials
| date = November 19, 2006
| url = http://www.wileywatch.org/ts_wileys_credentials
| accessdate = 2007-04-15 }}
</ref>. Nonetheless, Formby is also the co-author of ''Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar and Survival'', so he should have had extensive exposure to her level of scientific understanding.


{{Authority control}}
==Controversy==
On October 11, 2006, [[Erika Schwartz]], [[Diana Schwarzbein]], and five other MDs issued a public letter to Suzanne Somers and her publisher, [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]], criticizing Somers' endorsement of Wiley's protocol. In the letter they alleged that the protocol is "scientifically unproven and dangerous" and that Wiley has no medical or clinical qualifications<ref>{{cite web | last = Schwartz | first = Erika | coauthors = Schwarzbein, D. et. al. | title = Letter to Suzanne Somers | date = October 11, 2006 | url = http://drerika.typepad.com/notepad/2006/10/letter_to_suzan.html}}</ref>. Wiley responded by claiming that credentials are not significant, that "I don't need a license to think", and that the doctors who signed the letter have themselves weak credentials in hormone replacement therapy.

A number of women have reported adverse effects from the Wiley Protocol, including hair loss, brain fog, fatigue, weight gain, and depression<ref>{{ cite web | title = Women's Wiley Protocol Stories
| url = http://rhythmicliving.org/rhythmicliving/Stories.html}}</ref>. Wiley insists that the protocol is effective and alleges that these women were noncompliant, that they had problems before starting the protocol, and that the product was faulty due to pharmacy incompetence.

==See also==
* [[Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy]]
* [[Hormone replacement therapy]]
* [[Suzanne Somers]]

==References==
<references />


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wiley, T.S.}}
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:American health and wellness writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Patent medicine businesspeople]]

Latest revision as of 14:46, 3 July 2024

Teresa S. Wiley is the author of Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar and Survival,[1] and Sex, Lies and Menopause.[2] She writes about women's health, particularly sleep and hormonal issues, hormone replacement therapy and bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. Wiley has developed her own version of BHRT known as the Wiley Protocol, though she has been strongly criticized for lacking the relevant credentials and potentially putting women at risk with an unproven, untested intervention that uses possibly dangerously high doses of hormones.

Writings and beliefs

[edit]

Wiley's main thesis in Lights Out is that light is a physiological trigger that controls dopamine and hormones like cortisol. Wiley posits that with the extension of the natural day through artificial lighting, rest at the hormonal level is rarely adequate for optimum biological needs of the body. In her view, this results in both fatigue and unnatural appetite, which leads to weight gain, exhaustion and disease. Wiley theorizes that the body's responses are cyclical, reflecting the seasons of the year, and that the body's needs vary seasonally. According to Wiley, during the winter months the body needs more sleep, and carbohydrates should be restricted as they would have been naturally during hunter-gatherer times.

Wiley is listed as co-author of three scientific journal articles along with biochemist Bent Formby between 1998 and 2001.[3][4][5]

The Wiley Protocol

[edit]
Main article: Wiley Protocol

Wiley wrote a second book, Sex, Lies and Menopause, in which she claims that hormone imbalances cause many age-related diseases, and these imbalances are caused by humans straying from "natural" rhythms of light, seasonal eating and child birth. Wiley claims that mimicking the levels and cycles of estrogen and progesterone found in a 20-year-old woman will prevent or treat age-related diseases.[2] Subsequent to the book's publication, this hormone regimen became known as the "Wiley protocol" and Wiley created a pharmaceutical compounding program that pharmacists could contract into, stipulating compounding methods, materials, testing, packaging and recommended pricing in exchange for Wiley's company providing the packaging materials bearing the Wiley protocol's trademark.

Former actress Suzanne Somers advocates the Wiley Protocol in her book Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones.[6]

Controversy

[edit]

Wiley has been criticized for promoting her version of BHRT without proper qualifications or scientific evidence. On October 11, 2006, Erika Schwartz, Diana Schwarzbein, and five other MDs who have worked with BHRT during their careers issued a public letter to Suzanne Somers and her publisher, Crown, criticizing Somers' endorsement of Wiley's protocol. In the letter they alleged that the Wiley Protocol is "scientifically unproven and dangerous" and that Wiley has no medical or clinical qualifications;[7] other criticisms of the protocol itself have stated that the levels of hormone are dangerously high.[8][9] Wiley has claimed on her website and in speaking engagements that she earned a B.A. in anthropology from Webster University in 1975. On November 27, 2006, Newsweek reported that Webster has no record of this degree.[10] Wiley's bio page was then changed to "Pending B.A. in Anthropology, Webster University, 1975" and then again to "Attended the B.A. Program in Anthropology, Webster University, 1970-1975". ABC News reported on February 16, 2007, that, according to Webster, she received only a blank diploma.[10][11][12]

Senate testimony

[edit]

On April 19, 2007, Wiley appeared as a witness before the Senate Special Committee on Aging to give testimony at a hearing in which the safety and oversight of BHRT and compounding pharmacy were discussed.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wiley, TS; Bent Formby (February 27, 2001). Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar, and Survival. Atria. ISBN 0-671-03868-0.
  2. ^ a b Wiley, TS; Julie Taguchi; Bent Formby (September 14, 2004). Sex, Lies, and Menopause: The Shocking Truth About Synthetic Hormones and the Benefits of Natural Alternatives. Harper Paperback imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-054234-9.
  3. ^ Formby, Bent; T.S. Wiley (1998). "Progesterone inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells: inverse effects on Bcl-2 and p53". Ann Clin Lab Sci. 28 (6): 360–9. PMID 9846203.
  4. ^ Formby, Bent; T.S. Wiley (1999). "Bcl-2, survivin and variant CD44 v7-v10 are downregulated and p53 is upregulated in breast cancer cells by progesterone: inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis". Mol Cell Biochem. 202 (1–2): 53–61. doi:10.1023/A:1007081021483. PMID 10705995. S2CID 25532485.
  5. ^ R Stern; S Shuster; TS Wiley; B Formby (2001). "Hyaluronidase can modulate expression of CD44". Exp Cell Res. 266 (1): 167–76. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5206. PMID 11339835.
  6. ^ Somers, Suzanne (2006). Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-307-23724-9.
  7. ^ Schwartz, Erika; Schwarzbein, D.; et al. (October 11, 2006). "Letter to Suzanne Somers".
  8. ^ Feig SA, Hynote E, Speight N, Magaziner A, Miranda RA, Schachter MA (September 2005). "Summary of the American College for Advancement in Medicine May 2005 Conference: Menopause, Andropause: Power in Transition". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 (3): 416. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh113. PMC 1193553.
  9. ^ Rosenthal MS (2008). "The Wiley Protocol: an analysis of ethical issues". Menopause. 15 (5): 1014–22. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318178862e. PMID 18551081. S2CID 196421747.
  10. ^ a b "A Real Somers Storm: At war over Suzanne Somers's book on 'bioidenticals'". Newsweek. November 13, 2006. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  11. ^ Sherr, Lynn; Glenn Ruppel (2007-02-16). "Suzanne Somers: Super Saleswoman: Has Somers Found the Fountain of Youth?". ABC News, 20/20. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  12. ^ Ellin, Abby (October 15, 2006). "A Battle Over 'Juice of Youth'". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-01.
  13. ^ "Hearings: Bioidentical Hormones: Sound Science or Bad Medicine?". United States Senate Special Committee on Aging. April 19, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-01.
[edit]
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