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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|2009|mammal paleontology|paleontology|science}}{{Portal|Paleontology|History of science}}
{{Year nav topic20 |2009|paleomammalogy |paleontology |paleobotany |arthropod paleontology |paleoentomology |paleoichthyology |paleomalacology |reptile paleontology |archosaur paleontology }}
This article records new [[taxa]] of [[fossil]] [[mammal]]s of every kind that have been [[binomial nomenclature|described]] during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to [[paleontology]] of mammals that occurred in the year 2009.
This [[mammalogy|paleomammalogy]] list records new [[fossil]] [[mammal]] [[taxa]] that were [[binomial nomenclature|described]] during the year 2009, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

==Mammals==
==Mammals==


* A study by J. R. Foster is published estimating the body masses of [[Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation#Mammals|mammals]] from the Late Jurassic [[Morrison Formation]] by [[Regression analysis|using]] the ratio of dentary length to body mass of modern marsupials as a reference. Foster concludes that ''[[Docodon]]'' was the most massive mammal genus of the formation at 141g and ''[[Fruitafossor]]'' was the least massive at 6g. The average Morrison mammal had a mass of 48.5g. A graph of the body mass distribution of Morrison mammal genera produced a [[right-skewed curve]], meaning that there were more low-mass genera.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Foster | first1 = J.R. | year = 2009 | title = Preliminary body mass estimates for mammalian genera of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic, North America) | url = | journal = PaleoBios | volume = 28 | issue = 3| pages = 114–122 }}</ref>
* A study by J. R. Foster is published estimating the body masses of [[Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation#Mammals|mammals]] from the Late Jurassic [[Morrison Formation]] by [[Regression analysis|using]] the ratio of dentary length to body mass of modern marsupials as a reference. Foster concludes that ''[[Docodon]]'' was the most massive mammal genus of the formation at 141g and ''[[Fruitafossor]]'' was the least massive at 6g. The average Morrison mammal had a mass of 48.5g. A graph of the body mass distribution of Morrison mammal genera produced a [[right-skewed curve]], meaning that there were more low-mass genera.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Foster | first1 = J.R. | year = 2009 | title = Preliminary body mass estimates for mammalian genera of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic, North America) | journal = PaleoBios | volume = 28 | issue = 3| pages = 114–122 }}</ref>
* Fujiwara, S.-I. 2009. Olecranon orientation as an indicator of elbow joint angle in the stance phase, and estimation of forelimb posture in extinct quadruped animals. ''Journal of Morphology''. {{doi|10.1002/jmor.10748}}.
* {{cite journal | last = Fujiwara|first= S. I. | year = 2009 | title = Olecranon orientation as an indicator of elbow joint angle in the stance phase, and estimation of forelimb posture in extinct quadruped animals | journal = Journal of Morphology | volume = 270| issue = 9| pages = 1107–1121| doi = 10.1002/jmor.10748 | pmid = 19378290 | s2cid = 23878624 }}
* Fujiwara, S.-I., Kuwazuru, O., Inuzuka, N., and Yochikawa, N. 2009. Relationship between scapular position and structural strength of rib cage in quadruped animals. ''Journal of Morphology''. {{doi|10.1002/jmor.10744}}.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Fujiwara|first1= S. I.|last2= Kuwazuru|first2= O.|last3= Inuzuka|first3= N.|last4= Yochikawa|first4= N. | year = 2009 | title = Relationship between scapular position and structural strength of rib cage in quadruped animals | journal = Journal of Morphology | volume = 270| issue = 9| pages = 1084–1094| doi = 10.1002/jmor.10744 | pmid = 19378269 | s2cid = 5574036 }}
* Mitchell, G., van Sittert, S.J., and Skinner, J.D. 2009. Sexual selection is not the origin of long necks in giraffes. ''Journal of Zoology''. {{doi|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00573.x}}.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Mitchell|first1= G.|last2= van Sittert|first2= S.J.|last3= Skinner|first3= J.D. | year = 2009 | title = Sexual selection is not the origin of long necks in giraffes | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 278| issue = 4| pages = 281–286| doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00573.x }}


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''[[Anoiapithecus]]''<ref name="Moyà-Solà2009">{{Cite journal |last=Moyà-Solà |first=Salvador |last2=Alba |first2=David M. |last3=Almécija |first3=Sergio |last4=Casanovas-Vilar |first4=Isaac |last5=Köhler |first5=Meike |last6=De Esteban-Trivigno |first6=Soledad |last7=Robles |first7=Josep M. |last8=Galindo |first8=Jordi |last9=Fortuny |first9=Josep |year=2009 |title=A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=106 |issue=24 |pages=9601–9606 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0811730106 |pmid=19487676 |pmc=2701031 |bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.9601M }}.</ref>
''[[Anoiapithecus]]''<ref name="Moyà-Solà2009">{{Cite journal |last1=Moyà-Solà |first1=Salvador |last2=Alba |first2=David M. |last3=Almécija |first3=Sergio |last4=Casanovas-Vilar |first4=Isaac |last5=Köhler |first5=Meike |last6=De Esteban-Trivigno |first6=Soledad |last7=Robles |first7=Josep M. |last8=Galindo |first8=Jordi |last9=Fortuny |first9=Josep |year=2009 |title=A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=106 |issue=24 |pages=9601–9606 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0811730106 |pmid=19487676 |pmc=2701031 |bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.9601M |doi-access=free }}.</ref>
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''[[Apatemys|Apatemys pygmaeus]]''<ref name=Colpocherus>{{Cite journal |author1=K. Christopher Beard |author2=Mary R. Dawson |year=2009 |title=Early Wasatchian Mammals of the Red Hot Local Fauna, Uppermost Tuscahoma Formation, Lauderdale County, Mississippi |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=193–243 |doi=10.2992/007.078.0301 }}</ref>
''[[Apatemys|Apatemys pygmaeus]]''<ref name=Colpocherus>{{Cite journal |author1=K. Christopher Beard |author2=Mary R. Dawson |year=2009 |title=Early Wasatchian Mammals of the Red Hot Local Fauna, Uppermost Tuscahoma Formation, Lauderdale County, Mississippi |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=193–243 |doi=10.2992/007.078.0301 |s2cid=86281527 }}</ref>
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''[[Arcantiodelphys]]''<ref name="Vullo">{{cite journal |author1=Romain Vullo |author2=Emmanuel Gheerbrant |author3=Christian de Muizon |author4=Didier Néraudeau |year=2009 |title=The oldest modern therian mammal from Europe and its bearing on stem marsupial paleobiogeography |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |pmid=19892730 |volume=106 |issue=47 |pmc=2785266 |pages=19910–19915 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0902940106 }}</ref>
''[[Arcantiodelphys]]''<ref name="Vullo">{{cite journal |author1=Romain Vullo |author2=Emmanuel Gheerbrant |author3=Christian de Muizon |author4=Didier Néraudeau |year=2009 |title=The oldest modern therian mammal from Europe and its bearing on stem marsupial paleobiogeography |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |pmid=19892730 |volume=106 |issue=47 |pmc=2785266 |pages=19910–19915 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0902940106 |bibcode=2009PNAS..10619910V |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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''[[Bonisicyon]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Lars Werdelin |author2=Scott W. Simpson |year=2009 |title=The last amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Africa |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=775–787 |doi=10.5252/g2009n4a775 }}</ref>
''[[Bonisicyon]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Lars Werdelin |author2=Scott W. Simpson |year=2009 |title=The last amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Africa |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=775–787 |doi=10.5252/g2009n4a775 |s2cid=73677723 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5372110 }}</ref>
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''[[Corriebaatar]]''<ref name="Rich"><!--{{Sfn|Rich|Vickers-Rich|Flannery|Kear|2009}}-->{{cite journal | last1 = Rich | first1 = T. H. | last2 = Vickers-Rich | first2 = P. | last3 = Flannery | first3 = T. F. | last4 = Kear | first4 = B. P. | last5 = Cantrill | first5 = D. J. | last6 = Komarower | first6 = P. | last7 = Kool | first7 = L. | last8 = Pickering | first8 = D. | last9 = Rusler | first9 = P. | last10 = Morton | first10 = S.|last11 = van Klaveren | first11 = N.|last12 = Fitzgerald | first12 = E. M. G. | year = 2009 | doi = 10.4202/app.2009.0101 | pages = 1–6 | title = An Australian multituberculate and its palaeobiogeographic implications | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | ref = harv| citeseerx = 10.1.1.527.9540 }}</ref>
''[[Corriebaatar]]''<ref name="Rich"><!--{{Sfn|Rich|Vickers-Rich|Flannery|Kear|2009}}-->{{cite journal | last1 = Rich | first1 = T. H. | last2 = Vickers-Rich | first2 = P. | last3 = Flannery | first3 = T. F. | last4 = Kear | first4 = B. P. | last5 = Cantrill | first5 = D. J. | last6 = Komarower | first6 = P. | last7 = Kool | first7 = L. | last8 = Pickering | first8 = D. | last9 = Rusler | first9 = P. | last10 = Morton | first10 = S.|last11 = van Klaveren | first11 = N.|last12 = Fitzgerald | first12 = E. M. G. | year = 2009 | doi = 10.4202/app.2009.0101 | pages = 1–6 | title = An Australian multituberculate and its palaeobiogeographic implications | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.527.9540 | s2cid = 30933794 }}</ref>
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''[[Darwinius]]''<ref name="Franzen">{{cite journal |last1=Franzen |first1=JL |last2=Gingerich |first2=PD |last3=Habersetzer |first3=J |last4=Hurum |first4=JH |last5=Von Koenigswald |first5=W |last6=Smith |first6=BH |last7=Hawks |first7=John |author8=Jens L. Franzen |author9=Philip D. Gingerich |author10=Jörg Habersetzer |author11=Jørn H. Hurum |author12=Wighart von Koenigswald |author13=[[B. Holly Smith]] |year=2009 |title=Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |pmid=19492084 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pmc=2683573 |pages=e5723 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005723 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.5723F |editor1-last=Hawks |editor1-first=John}}</ref>
''[[Darwinius]]''<ref name="Franzen">{{cite journal |last1=Franzen |first1=JL |last2=Gingerich |first2=PD |last3=Habersetzer |first3=J |last4=Hurum |first4=JH |last5=Von Koenigswald |first5=W |last6=Smith |first6=BH |last7=Hawks |first7=John |author8=Jens L. Franzen |author9=Philip D. Gingerich |author10=Jörg Habersetzer |author11=Jørn H. Hurum |author12=Wighart von Koenigswald |author13=B. Holly Smith |author13-link=B. Holly Smith |year=2009 |title=Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |pmid=19492084 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pmc=2683573 |pages=e5723 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005723 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.5723F |editor1-last=Hawks |editor1-first=John|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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''[[Diaceratherium|Diaceratherium massiliae]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Bernard Ménouret |author2=Claude Guérin |year=2009 |title=''Diaceratherium massiliae'' nov. sp. des argiles oligocènes de Saint-André et Saint-Henri à Marseille et de Les Milles près d'Aix-en-Provence (SE de la France), premier grand Rhinocerotidae brachypode européen |journal=Geobios |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=293–327 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2008.10.009}}.</ref>
''[[Diaceratherium|Diaceratherium massiliae]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Bernard Ménouret |author2=Claude Guérin |year=2009 |title=''Diaceratherium massiliae'' nov. sp. des argiles oligocènes de Saint-André et Saint-Henri à Marseille et de Les Milles près d'Aix-en-Provence (SE de la France), premier grand Rhinocerotidae brachypode européen |journal=Geobios |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=293–327 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2008.10.009|doi-access=free }}.</ref>
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* Ménouret & Guérin
* Ménouret & Guérin
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{{flag|France}}
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A rhinoceros. Originally described as a species of ''Diaceratherium''; Tissier, Antoine & Becker (2021) interpreted it as a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|junior synonym]] of ''[[Ronzotherium]] romani''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tissier |first1=J. |last2=Antoine |first2=P.-O. |last3=Becker |first3=D. |title=New species, revision, and phylogeny of ''Ronzotherium'' Aymard, 1854 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) |year=2021 |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |issue=753 |pages=1–80 |doi=10.5852/ejt.2021.753.1389 |s2cid=236275994 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
A rhinoceros, a species of ''Diaceratherium''.
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''[[Duerotherium]]''<ref name="Cuesta">{{cite journal |last1=Cuesta |first1=Miguel-ÁNgel |last2=Badiola |first2=Ainara |author3=Miguel-Ángel Cuesta |author4=Ainara Badiola |year=2009 |title=Duerotherium sudrei gen. et sp. nov., a new anoplotheriine artiodactyl from the middle Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=303–308 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0110 }}</ref>
''[[Duerotherium]]''<ref name="Cuesta">{{cite journal |last1=Cuesta |first1=Miguel-ÁNgel |last2=Badiola |first2=Ainara |author3=Miguel-Ángel Cuesta |author4=Ainara Badiola |year=2009 |title=Duerotherium sudrei gen. et sp. nov., a new anoplotheriine artiodactyl from the middle Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=303–308 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0110 |s2cid=55546022 }}</ref>
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''[[Eritherium]]''<ref name="Gheerbrant">{{cite journal |author=Emmanuel Gheerbrant |year=2009 |title=Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |pmid=19549873 |volume=106 |issue=26 |pmc=2705600 |pages=10717–10721 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0900251106 |bibcode = 2009PNAS..10610717G }}</ref>
''[[Eritherium]]''<ref name="Gheerbrant">{{cite journal |author=Emmanuel Gheerbrant |year=2009 |title=Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |pmid=19549873 |volume=106 |issue=26 |pmc=2705600 |pages=10717–10721 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0900251106 |bibcode = 2009PNAS..10610717G |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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''[[Kahawamys]]''<ref name="Stevens">{{cite journal |last1=Stevens |first1=Nancy J. |last2=Holroyd |first2=Patricia A. |last3=Roberts |first3=Eric M. |last4=O'Connor |first4=Patrick M. |last5=Gottfried |first5=Michael D. |author6=Nancy J. Stevens |author7=Patricia A. Holroyd |author8=Eric M. Roberts |author9=Patrick M. O'connor |author10=Michael D. Gottfried |year=2009 |title=''Kahawamys mbeyaensis'' (n. gen., n. sp.) (Rodentia: Thryonomyoidea) from the late Oligocene Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=631–634 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0219 |url=http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/rukwa/documents/Stevens%20et%20al%202009%20Kahawamys%20mbeyaensis.pdf| accessdate= 26 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
''[[Kahawamys]]''<ref name="Stevens">{{cite journal |last1=Stevens |first1=Nancy J. |last2=Holroyd |first2=Patricia A. |last3=Roberts |first3=Eric M. |last4=O'Connor |first4=Patrick M. |last5=Gottfried |first5=Michael D. |author6=Nancy J. Stevens |author7=Patricia A. Holroyd |author8=Eric M. Roberts |author9=Patrick M. O'connor |author10=Michael D. Gottfried |year=2009 |title=''Kahawamys mbeyaensis'' (n. gen., n. sp.) (Rodentia: Thryonomyoidea) from the late Oligocene Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=631–634 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0219 |s2cid=140590080 |url=http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/rukwa/documents/Stevens%20et%20al%202009%20Kahawamys%20mbeyaensis.pdf |access-date=26 August 2010 <!--DASHBot--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707153731/http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/rukwa/documents/Stevens%20et%20al%202009%20Kahawamys%20mbeyaensis.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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''[[Maiacetus]]''<ref name="Gingerich">{{cite journal |last1=Gingerich |first1=PD |last2=Ul-Haq |first2=M |last3=Von Koenigswald |first3=W |last4=Sanders |first4=WJ |last5=Smith |first5=BH |last6=Zalmout |first6=IS |last7=Sereno |first7=Paul |author8=Philip D. Gingerich |author9=Munir ul-Haq |author10=Wighart von Koenigswald |author11=William J. Sanders |author12=B. Holly Smith |author13=Iyad S. Zalmout |year=2009 |title=New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on Land, Precocial Development, and Sexual Dimorphism |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=e4366 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004366 |pmid=19194487 |pmc=2629576 |bibcode = 2009PLoSO...4.4366G |editor1-last=Sereno |editor1-first=Paul }}</ref>
''[[Maiacetus]]''<ref name="Gingerich">{{cite journal |last1=Gingerich |first1=PD |last2=Ul-Haq |first2=M |last3=Von Koenigswald |first3=W |last4=Sanders |first4=WJ |last5=Smith |first5=BH |last6=Zalmout |first6=IS |last7=Sereno |first7=Paul |author8=Philip D. Gingerich |author9=Munir ul-Haq |author10=Wighart von Koenigswald |author11=William J. Sanders |author12=B. Holly Smith |author13=Iyad S. Zalmout |year=2009 |title=New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on Land, Precocial Development, and Sexual Dimorphism |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=e4366 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004366 |pmid=19194487 |pmc=2629576 |bibcode = 2009PLoSO...4.4366G |editor1-last=Sereno |editor1-first=Paul |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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''[[Mimoperadectes|Mimoperadectes houdei]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Inés Horovitz |author2=Thomas Martin |author3=Jonathan Bloch |author4=Sandrine Ladevèze |author5=Cornelia Kurz |author6=Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra |year=2009 |title=Cranial Anatomy of the Earliest Marsupials and the Origin of Opossums |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=e8278 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0008278 |pmc=2789412 |pmid=20016823 }}</ref>
''[[Mimoperadectes|Mimoperadectes houdei]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Inés Horovitz |author2=Thomas Martin |author3=Jonathan Bloch |author4=Sandrine Ladevèze |author5=Cornelia Kurz |author6=Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra |year=2009 |title=Cranial Anatomy of the Earliest Marsupials and the Origin of Opossums |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=e8278 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0008278 |pmc=2789412 |pmid=20016823 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.8278H |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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''[[Miosengi]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ari Grossman |author2=Patricia A. Holroyd |year=2009 |title=''Miosengi butleri'', gen. et sp. nov., (Macroscelidea) from the Kalodirr Member, Lothidok Formation, Early Miocene of Kenya |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=957–960 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0318 }}</ref>
''[[Miosengi]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ari Grossman |author2=Patricia A. Holroyd |year=2009 |title=''Miosengi butleri'', gen. et sp. nov., (Macroscelidea) from the Kalodirr Member, Lothidok Formation, Early Miocene of Kenya |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=957–960 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0318 |s2cid=86028715 }}</ref>
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''[[Mytonolagus|Mytonolagus ashcrafti]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik |author2=Alan R. Tabrum |year=2009 |title=Leporids (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from the Diamond O Ranch Local Fauna, Latest Middle Eocene of Southwestern Montana |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=253–271 |doi=10.2992/007.078.0303 }}</ref>
''[[Mytonolagus|Mytonolagus ashcrafti]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik |author2=Alan R. Tabrum |year=2009 |title=Leporids (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from the Diamond O Ranch Local Fauna, Latest Middle Eocene of Southwestern Montana |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=253–271 |doi=10.2992/007.078.0303 |s2cid=85013735 }}</ref>
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''[[Nalameryx]]''<ref name="Métais2009">{{cite journal |last1=Métais |first1=GréGoire |last2=Welcomme |first2=Jean-Loup |last3=Ducrocq |first3=StéPhane |author4=Grégoire Métais |author5=Jean-Loup Welcomme |author6=Stéphane Ducrocq |year=2009 |title=New Lophiomerycid Ruminants from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=231–241 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0115 }}</ref>
''[[Nalameryx]]''<ref name="Métais2009">{{cite journal |last1=Métais |first1=GréGoire |last2=Welcomme |first2=Jean-Loup |last3=Ducrocq |first3=StéPhane |author4=Grégoire Métais |author5=Jean-Loup Welcomme |author6=Stéphane Ducrocq |year=2009 |title=New Lophiomerycid Ruminants from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=231–241 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0115 |s2cid=129509229 }}</ref>
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''[[Notiolofos]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Mariano Bond |author2=Marcelo A. Reguero |author3=Sergio F. Vizcaíno |author4=Sergio A. Marenssi |author5=Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar |year=2009 |title=''Notiolofos'', a replacement name for ''Notolophus'' Bond, Reguero, Vizcaíno, and Marenssi, 2006, a preoccupied name |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=979 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0321 }}.</ref>
''[[Notiolofos]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Mariano Bond |author2=Marcelo A. Reguero |author3=Sergio F. Vizcaíno |author4=Sergio A. Marenssi |author5=Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar |year=2009 |title=''Notiolofos'', a replacement name for ''Notolophus'' Bond, Reguero, Vizcaíno, and Marenssi, 2006, a preoccupied name |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=979 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0321 |s2cid=84808731 }}.</ref>
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[[Antarctica]]<br>([[Seymour Island]])
[[Antarctica]]<br>([[Seymour Island]])
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A member of [[Litopterna]] belonging to the family [[Sparnotheriodontidae]]; a replacement name for ''Notolophus'' Bond ''et al.'' (2006).<ref>{{cite book |author1=M. Bond |author2=M. A. Reguero |author3=S. F. Vizcaíno |author4=S. A. Marenssi |year=2006 |chapter=A new ‘South American ungulate’ (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula |editor1=J. E. Francis |editor2=D. Pirrie |editor3=J. A. Crame |title=Cretaceous-tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments: James Ross Basin, Antarctica |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |publisher=The Geological Society of London |volume= 258|pages=163–176 |isbn= |doi= 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.258.01.12 |chapter-url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/5480bacaf19e307fc1d8e8b1a699452b34679bda }}</ref>
A member of [[Litopterna]] belonging to the family [[Sparnotheriodontidae]]; a replacement name for ''Notolophus'' Bond ''et al.'' (2006).<ref>{{cite book |author1=M. Bond |author2=M. A. Reguero |author3=S. F. Vizcaíno |author4=S. A. Marenssi |s2cid=140546667 |year=2006 |chapter=A new ‘South American ungulate’ (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula |editor1=J. E. Francis |editor2=D. Pirrie |editor3=J. A. Crame |title=Cretaceous-tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments: James Ross Basin, Antarctica |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |publisher=The Geological Society of London |volume= 258|pages=163–176 |doi= 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.258.01.12 }}</ref>
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''[[Occitanomys|Occitanomys (Rhodomys) vandami]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Fadime Suata-Alpaslan |year=2009 |title=''Occitanomys (Rhodomys) vandami'' nov. sp. (Muridae, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene/Early Ruscinian Fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey) |journal=The Open Geology Journal |volume=3 |pages=64–69 |doi=10.2174/1874262900903010064 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
''[[Occitanomys|Occitanomys (Rhodomys) vandami]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Fadime Suata-Alpaslan |year=2009 |title=''Occitanomys (Rhodomys) vandami'' nov. sp. (Muridae, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene/Early Ruscinian Fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey) |journal=The Open Geology Journal |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=64–69 |doi=10.2174/1874262900903010064 |bibcode=2009OGJ.....3...64S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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''[[Pseudomeriones hansi]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Fadime Suata-Alpaslan |year=2009 |title=''Pseudomeriones hansi'' nov. sp. (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene (Ruscinian) Fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey) |journal=The Open Geology Journal |volume=3 |pages=58–63 |doi=10.2174/1874262900903010058 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
''[[Pseudomeriones hansi]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Fadime Suata-Alpaslan |year=2009 |title=''Pseudomeriones hansi'' nov. sp. (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene (Ruscinian) Fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey) |journal=The Open Geology Journal |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=58–63 |doi=10.2174/1874262900903010058 |bibcode=2009OGJ.....3...58S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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{{flag|Turkey}}
{{flag|Turkey}}
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A [[gerbil]].
A [[Gerbillinae|gerbil]].
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''[[Puijila]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Natalia Rybczynski |author2=Mary R. Dawson |author3=Richard H. Tedford |year=2009 |title=A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia |journal=Nature |volume=458 |issue=23 April |pages=1021–1024 |doi=10.1038/nature07985 |pmid=19396145|bibcode = 2009Natur.458.1021R }}</ref>
''[[Puijila]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Natalia Rybczynski |author2=Mary R. Dawson |author3=Richard H. Tedford |year=2009 |title=A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia |journal=Nature |volume=458 |issue=23 April |pages=1021–1024 |doi=10.1038/nature07985 |pmid=19396145|bibcode = 2009Natur.458.1021R |s2cid=4371413 }}</ref>
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''[[Migraveramus|Sallamys quispea]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Bruce J. Shockey |author2=Rodolfo Salas Gismondi |author3=Phillip Gans |author4=Annie Jeong |author5=John J. Flynn |year=2009 |title=Paleontology and geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3668 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1206/662.1 |hdl=2246/6027 }}</ref>
''[[Migraveramus|Sallamys quispea]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Bruce J. Shockey |author2=Rodolfo Salas Gismondi |author3=Phillip Gans |author4=Annie Jeong |author5=John J. Flynn |year=2009 |title=Paleontology and geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3668 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1206/662.1 |hdl=2246/6027 |s2cid=54603158 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/280780 }}</ref>
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{{flag|Peru}}
{{flag|Peru}}
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A [[Caviomorpha|caviomorph]] rodent related to the group [[Octodontoidea]]. Originally described as a species of ''[[Sallamys]]''; subsequently transferred to the genus ''Migraveramus'' by Pérez ''et al.'' (in press).<ref name=JSPPerezetal>{{Cite journal|author1=María Encarnación Pérez |author2=Michelle Arnal |author3=Myriam Boivin |author4=María Guiomar Vucetich |author5=Adriana Candela |author6=Felipe Busker |author7=Bernardino Mamani Quispe |year=2018 |title=New caviomorph rodents from the late Oligocene of Salla, Bolivia: taxonomic, chronological, and biogeographic implications for the Deseadan faunas of South America |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=in press |issue= 10|pages= 821–847|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1471622 }}</ref>
A [[Caviomorpha|caviomorph]] rodent related to the group [[Octodontoidea]]. Originally described as a species of ''[[Sallamys]]''; subsequently transferred to the genus ''Migraveramus'' by Pérez ''et al.'' (in press).<ref name=JSPPerezetal>{{Cite journal|author1=María Encarnación Pérez |author2=Michelle Arnal |author3=Myriam Boivin |author4=María Guiomar Vucetich |author5=Adriana Candela |author6=Felipe Busker |author7=Bernardino Mamani Quispe |title=New caviomorph rodents from the late Oligocene of Salla, Bolivia: taxonomic, chronological, and biogeographic implications for the Deseadan faunas of South America |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |year=2019 |volume=17 |issue= 10|pages= 821–847|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1471622 |s2cid=89662626 }}</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references />


[[Category:2009 in paleontology]]
[[Category:2009 in paleontology]]

Latest revision as of 11:38, 4 July 2024

List of years in paleomammalogy
In paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In paleobotany
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In arthropod paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In paleoentomology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In paleoichthyology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In paleomalacology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In reptile paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
In archosaur paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2009, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

Mammals

[edit]
  • A study by J. R. Foster is published estimating the body masses of mammals from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation by using the ratio of dentary length to body mass of modern marsupials as a reference. Foster concludes that Docodon was the most massive mammal genus of the formation at 141g and Fruitafossor was the least massive at 6g. The average Morrison mammal had a mass of 48.5g. A graph of the body mass distribution of Morrison mammal genera produced a right-skewed curve, meaning that there were more low-mass genera.[1]
  • Fujiwara, S. I. (2009). "Olecranon orientation as an indicator of elbow joint angle in the stance phase, and estimation of forelimb posture in extinct quadruped animals". Journal of Morphology. 270 (9): 1107–1121. doi:10.1002/jmor.10748. PMID 19378290. S2CID 23878624.
  • Fujiwara, S. I.; Kuwazuru, O.; Inuzuka, N.; Yochikawa, N. (2009). "Relationship between scapular position and structural strength of rib cage in quadruped animals". Journal of Morphology. 270 (9): 1084–1094. doi:10.1002/jmor.10744. PMID 19378269. S2CID 5574036.
  • Mitchell, G.; van Sittert, S.J.; Skinner, J.D. (2009). "Sexual selection is not the origin of long necks in giraffes". Journal of Zoology. 278 (4): 281–286. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00573.x.
Newly named mammals
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Anoiapithecus[2]

Valid

Middle Miocene

 Spain

Apatemys pygmaeus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of the family Apatemyidae.

Arcantiodelphys[4]

Valid

Cenomanian

 France

Arvicanthis broekhuisi[5]

Valid

  • Hordijk
  • De Bruijn

Latest Miocene or earliest Pliocene

Komnina Formation

 Greece

A rodent belonging to the family Muridae, a species of Arvicanthis.

Bonisicyon[6]

Valid

  • Werdelin & Simpson

Late Miocene

 Ethiopia
 Kenya

A bear dog. The type species is Bonisicyon illacabo.

Choctawius[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of Primatomorpha belonging to the family Microsyopidae. The type species is C. foxi; genus also includes "Navajovius" mckennai Szalay (1969).

Colpocherus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of the family Amphilemuridae. The type species is C. mississippiensis.

Corbarimys? nomadus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A rodent related to members of the genus Paramys.

Corriebaatar[7]

Valid

Aptian

Wonthaggi Formation

 Australia

First Australian multituberculate.

Darwinius[8]

Valid

early Geiseltalian

Messel Formation

 Germany

Darwinius

Diaceratherium massiliae[9]

Disputed

  • Ménouret & Guérin

Late Oligocene

 France

A rhinoceros. Originally described as a species of Diaceratherium; Tissier, Antoine & Becker (2021) interpreted it as a junior synonym of Ronzotherium romani.[10]

Diacocherus dockeryi[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of Erinaceomorpha belonging to the group Litocherinae.

Disallomys[11]

Valid

  • Korth

Late Oligocene

 United States

An aplodontiid rodent, a new genus for the species "Allomys" storeri Tedrow and Korth. Genus also contains two new species: Disallomys robustus and D. intermedius.

Douglassciurus sapphirus[12]

Valid

  • Korth

Late Oligocene

 United States

A sciurine squirrel, a species of Douglassciurus.

Duerotherium[13]

Valid

  • Cuesta
  • Badiola

Middle Eocene

An anoplotheriine artiodactyl

Ectocion nanabeensis[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

Eogale[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of the family Miacidae. The type species is E. parydros.

Eritherium[14]

Valid

  • Gheerbrant

Early Thanetian

Ouled Abdoun basin

 Morocco

The oldest, smallest and most primitive elephant relative.

Franimys? actites[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A rodent related to members of the genus Paramys.

Ganlea[15]

Valid

late Middle Eocene

Pondaung Formation

 Myanmar

Haplomylus meridionalis[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of the family Hyopsodontidae.

Heliscomys walshi[16]

Valid

  • Kelly

Middle Eocene

Sespe Formation

 United States

A heliscomyid rodent, a species of Heliscomys.

Howellictis[17]

Valid

  • De Bonis et al.

Late Miocene

 Chad

A member of Mustelidae belonging to the subfamily Mellivorinae. The type species is H. valentini.

Kahawamys[18]

Valid

Late Oligocene

Nsungwe Formation

 Tanzania

A thryonomyoid rodent

Legionarictis[19]

Valid

  • Tseng
  • Wang
  • Stewart

Miocene (Barstovian)

Temblor Formation

 United States

A mustelid. The type species is Legionarictis fortidens.

Maiacetus[20]

Valid

early Middle Eocene

Habib Rahi Formation

 Pakistan

Maiacetus

Maddenia[21]

Valid

  • Kramarz
  • Bond

Late Oligocene

Sarmiento Formation

 Argentina

An astrapothere astrapotherid.

Meiconodon[22]

Valid

Aptian/Albian

Fuxin Formation
Shahai Formation

 China

A alticonodontine triconodontid

Miacis igniculus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

Microtodon komanensis[5]

Valid

  • Hordijk
  • De Bruijn

Early Pliocene

Ptolemais Formation

 Greece

A rodent.

Mimoperadectes houdei[23]

Valid

  • Horovitz et al.

Early Wasatchian

Willwood Formation

 United States

Mimoperadectes sowasheensis[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

Miosengi[24]

Valid

  • Grossman
  • Holroyd

Early Miocene

Lothidok Formation

 Kenya

An elephant shrew. The type species is M. butleri.

Mustela nivalis kudarensis[25]

Valid

  • Baryshnikov

Middle to late Pleistocene

South Ossetia

A fossil subspecies of the least weasel.

Myomimus igdeliensis[26]

Valid

  • Suata-Alpaslan

Early Pliocene (Ruscinian)

 Turkey

A dormouse, a species of Myomimus.

Mytonolagus ashcrafti[27]

Valid

  • Fostowicz-Frelik & Tabrum

Eocene

 United States

A member of the family Leporidae.

Nalameryx[28]

Valid

  • Métais
  • Welcomme
  • Ducrocq

Middle Oligocene

Chitarwata Formation

 Pakistan

A lophiomerycid ruminant

Naranius americanus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of the family Cimolestidae.

Niglarodon brachyodon[11]

Valid

  • Korth

Late Oligocene

 United States

An aplodontiid rodent, a species of Niglarodon.

Notiolofos[29]

Valid

  • Bond et al.

Eocene

La Meseta Formation

Antarctica
(Seymour Island)

A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Sparnotheriodontidae; a replacement name for Notolophus Bond et al. (2006).[30]

Occitanomys (Rhodomys) vandami[31]

Valid

  • Suata-Alpaslan

Early Pliocene (Ruscinian)

 Turkey

A member of the family Muridae.

Ochotona mediterranensis[32]

Valid

  • Suata-Alpaslan

Early Pliocene (Ruscinian)

 Turkey

A pika.

Oligospermophilus emryi[12]

Valid

  • Korth

Late Oligocene

 United States

A cedromurine squirrel, a species of Oligospermophilus emryi.

Palaeosinopa aestuarium[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

Paramys dispar[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

Praesinomegaceros venustus[33]

Valid

  • Vislobokova

Late Miocene (late Turolian)

 Russia

A megacerine deer, a species of Praesinomegaceros.

Proconsul meswae[34]

Valid

  • Harrison
  • Andrews

Early Miocene

 Kenya

A species of Proconsul[34] or Ugandapithecus.[35]

Prosciurus clausulus[11]

Valid

  • Korth

Late Oligocene

 United States

An aplodontiid rodent, a species of Prosciurus.

Proterix minimus[36]

Valid

  • Korth

Late Oligocene

 United States

An erinaceid, a species of Proterix.

Pseudomeriones hansi[37]

Valid

  • Suata-Alpaslan

Early Pliocene (Ruscinian)

 Turkey

A gerbil.

Puijila[38]

Valid

  • Rybczynski
  • Dawson
  • Tedford

Early Miocene

 Canada

Extinct genus of pinniped.

Puijila

Sallamys quispea[39]

Valid

  • Shockey et al.

Deseadan

Moquegua Formation
Salla Beds[40]

 Bolivia[40]
 Peru

A caviomorph rodent related to the group Octodontoidea. Originally described as a species of Sallamys; subsequently transferred to the genus Migraveramus by Pérez et al. (in press).[40]

Simplomys[41]

Valid

  • García-Paredes in García-Paredes, Peláez-Campomanes & Álvarez-Sierra

Miocene

 France
 Germany
 Portugal
 Spain
  Switzerland

A dormouse. The type species is "Pseudodryomys" simplicidens De Bruijn (1966); genus also includes "Pseudodryomys" robustus De Bruijn (1967), "Pseudodryomys" aljaphi Hugueney et al. (1978) and "Pseudodryomys" julii Daams (1989), as well as new species S. meulenorum.

Viverriscus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of the family Viverravidae. The type species is V. omnivorus.

Wyonycteris primitivus[3]

Valid

  • Beard & Dawson

Early Wasatchian

 United States

A member of Soricomorpha belonging to the family Nyctitheriidae.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Moyà-Solà, Alba, Almécija, Casanovas-Vilar, Köhler, De Esteban-Trivigno, Robles, Galindo, Fortuny.
  2. ^ Vullo, Gheerbrant, de Muizon, Néraudeau.
  3. ^ Rich, Vickers-Rich, Flannery, Kear, Cantrill, Komarower, Kool, Pickering, Trusler, Morton, van Klaveren, Fitzgerald.
  4. ^ Franzen, Gingerich, Habersetzer, Hurum, von Koenigswald, Smith.
  5. ^ Beard, Marivaux, Chaimanee, Jaeger, Marandat, Tafforeau, Soe, Tun, Kyaw.
  6. ^ Stevens, Holroyd, Roberts, O'connor, Gottfried.
  7. ^ Gingerich, ul-Haq, von Koenigswald, Sanders, Smith, Zalmout.
  8. ^ Kusuhashi, Hu, Wang, Hirasawa, Matsuoka.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Foster, J.R. (2009). "Preliminary body mass estimates for mammalian genera of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic, North America)". PaleoBios. 28 (3): 114–122.
  2. ^ Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Alba, David M.; Almécija, Sergio; Casanovas-Vilar, Isaac; Köhler, Meike; De Esteban-Trivigno, Soledad; Robles, Josep M.; Galindo, Jordi; Fortuny, Josep (2009). "A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (24): 9601–9606. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9601M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811730106. PMC 2701031. PMID 19487676..
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p K. Christopher Beard; Mary R. Dawson (2009). "Early Wasatchian Mammals of the Red Hot Local Fauna, Uppermost Tuscahoma Formation, Lauderdale County, Mississippi". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 78 (3): 193–243. doi:10.2992/007.078.0301. S2CID 86281527.
  4. ^ Romain Vullo; Emmanuel Gheerbrant; Christian de Muizon; Didier Néraudeau (2009). "The oldest modern therian mammal from Europe and its bearing on stem marsupial paleobiogeography". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (47): 19910–19915. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10619910V. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902940106. PMC 2785266. PMID 19892730.
  5. ^ a b Kees Hordijk; Hans de Bruijn (2009). "The succession of rodent faunas from the Mio/Pliocene lacustrine deposits of the Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin (Greece)" (PDF). Hellenic Journal of Geosciences. 44: 21–103.
  6. ^ Lars Werdelin; Scott W. Simpson (2009). "The last amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Africa". Geodiversitas. 31 (4): 775–787. doi:10.5252/g2009n4a775. S2CID 73677723.
  7. ^ Rich, T. H.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Flannery, T. F.; Kear, B. P.; Cantrill, D. J.; Komarower, P.; Kool, L.; Pickering, D.; Rusler, P.; Morton, S.; van Klaveren, N.; Fitzgerald, E. M. G. (2009). "An Australian multituberculate and its palaeobiogeographic implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (1): 1–6. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.527.9540. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0101. S2CID 30933794.
  8. ^ Franzen, JL; Gingerich, PD; Habersetzer, J; Hurum, JH; Von Koenigswald, W; Smith, BH; Hawks, John; Jens L. Franzen; Philip D. Gingerich; Jörg Habersetzer; Jørn H. Hurum; Wighart von Koenigswald; B. Holly Smith (2009). Hawks, John (ed.). "Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology". PLoS ONE. 4 (5): e5723. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5723F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723. PMC 2683573. PMID 19492084.
  9. ^ Bernard Ménouret; Claude Guérin (2009). "Diaceratherium massiliae nov. sp. des argiles oligocènes de Saint-André et Saint-Henri à Marseille et de Les Milles près d'Aix-en-Provence (SE de la France), premier grand Rhinocerotidae brachypode européen". Geobios. 42 (3): 293–327. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2008.10.009..
  10. ^ Tissier, J.; Antoine, P.-O.; Becker, D. (2021). "New species, revision, and phylogeny of Ronzotherium Aymard, 1854 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (753): 1–80. doi:10.5852/ejt.2021.753.1389. S2CID 236275994.
  11. ^ a b c William W. Korth (2009). "Mammals from the Blue Ash local fauna (late Oligocene), South Dakota. Rodentia, Part 4: Family Aplodontidae" (PDF). Paludicola. 7 (3): 89–106. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
  12. ^ a b William W. Korth (2009). "Mammals from the Blue Ash local fauna (late Oligocene), South Dakota. Rodentia, Part 3: Family Sciuridae" (PDF). Paludicola. 7 (2): 47–60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-12. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
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  22. ^ Kusuhashi, Nao; Hu, Yaoming; Wang, Yuanqing; Hirasawa, Satoshi; Matsuoka, Hiroshige; Nao Kusuhashi; Yaoming Hu; Yuanqing Wang; Satoshi Hirasawa; Hiroshige Matsuoka (2009). "New triconodontids (Mammalia) from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations, northeastern China". Geobios. 42 (6): 765–781. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2009.06.003.
  23. ^ Inés Horovitz; Thomas Martin; Jonathan Bloch; Sandrine Ladevèze; Cornelia Kurz; Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra (2009). "Cranial Anatomy of the Earliest Marsupials and the Origin of Opossums". PLOS ONE. 4 (12): e8278. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.8278H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008278. PMC 2789412. PMID 20016823.
  24. ^ Ari Grossman; Patricia A. Holroyd (2009). "Miosengi butleri, gen. et sp. nov., (Macroscelidea) from the Kalodirr Member, Lothidok Formation, Early Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 957–960. doi:10.1671/039.029.0318. S2CID 86028715.
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  26. ^ Fadime Suata-Alpaslan (2009). "Myomimus igdeliensis nov. sp. (Gerbillinae, Rodentia-Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene/ Ruscinian fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey)". 9th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference : modern management of mine producing, geology and environmental protection, SGEM2009. Vol. Conference proceedings Vol. 1. pp. 91–98. ISBN 978-954-91818-1-4.
  27. ^ Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik; Alan R. Tabrum (2009). "Leporids (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from the Diamond O Ranch Local Fauna, Latest Middle Eocene of Southwestern Montana". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 78 (3): 253–271. doi:10.2992/007.078.0303. S2CID 85013735.
  28. ^ Métais, GréGoire; Welcomme, Jean-Loup; Ducrocq, StéPhane; Grégoire Métais; Jean-Loup Welcomme; Stéphane Ducrocq (2009). "New Lophiomerycid Ruminants from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 231–241. doi:10.1671/039.029.0115. S2CID 129509229.
  29. ^ Mariano Bond; Marcelo A. Reguero; Sergio F. Vizcaíno; Sergio A. Marenssi; Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar (2009). "Notiolofos, a replacement name for Notolophus Bond, Reguero, Vizcaíno, and Marenssi, 2006, a preoccupied name". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 979. doi:10.1671/039.029.0321. S2CID 84808731..
  30. ^ M. Bond; M. A. Reguero; S. F. Vizcaíno; S. A. Marenssi (2006). "A new 'South American ungulate' (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula". In J. E. Francis; D. Pirrie; J. A. Crame (eds.). Cretaceous-tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments: James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Vol. 258. The Geological Society of London. pp. 163–176. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.258.01.12. S2CID 140546667. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  31. ^ Fadime Suata-Alpaslan (2009). "Occitanomys (Rhodomys) vandami nov. sp. (Muridae, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene/Early Ruscinian Fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey)". The Open Geology Journal. 3 (1): 64–69. Bibcode:2009OGJ.....3...64S. doi:10.2174/1874262900903010064.
  32. ^ Fadime Suata-Alpaslan (2009). "Ochotona mediterranensis nov. sp. (Lagomorpha- Mammalia) from Early Plıocene of Iğdeli (Anatolia-Turkey)". 9th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference : modern management of mine producing, geology and environmental protection, SGEM2009. Vol. Conference proceedings Vol. 1. pp. 99–104. ISBN 978-954-91818-1-4.
  33. ^ Vislobokova, Inessa (2009). "A new species of Megacerini (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the Late Miocene of Taralyk-Cher, Tuva (Russia), and remarks on the relationships of the group". Geobios. 42 (3): 397–410. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2008.12.004..
  34. ^ a b Terry Harrison; Peter Andrews (2009). "The anatomy and systematic position of the early Miocene proconsulid from Meswa Bridge, Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 56 (5): 479–496. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.005. PMID 19394999.
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  36. ^ William W. Korth (2009). "Mammals from the Blue Ash local fauna (late Oligocene), South Dakota. Lipotyphyla and additional Marsupialia" (PDF). Paludicola. 7 (3): 78–88. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
  37. ^ Fadime Suata-Alpaslan (2009). "Pseudomeriones hansi nov. sp. (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene (Ruscinian) Fauna of Iğdeli (Turkey)". The Open Geology Journal. 3 (1): 58–63. Bibcode:2009OGJ.....3...58S. doi:10.2174/1874262900903010058.
  38. ^ Natalia Rybczynski; Mary R. Dawson; Richard H. Tedford (2009). "A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia". Nature. 458 (23 April): 1021–1024. Bibcode:2009Natur.458.1021R. doi:10.1038/nature07985. PMID 19396145. S2CID 4371413.
  39. ^ Bruce J. Shockey; Rodolfo Salas Gismondi; Phillip Gans; Annie Jeong; John J. Flynn (2009). "Paleontology and geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú". American Museum Novitates (3668): 1–24. doi:10.1206/662.1. hdl:2246/6027. S2CID 54603158.
  40. ^ a b c María Encarnación Pérez; Michelle Arnal; Myriam Boivin; María Guiomar Vucetich; Adriana Candela; Felipe Busker; Bernardino Mamani Quispe (2019). "New caviomorph rodents from the late Oligocene of Salla, Bolivia: taxonomic, chronological, and biogeographic implications for the Deseadan faunas of South America". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (10): 821–847. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1471622. S2CID 89662626.
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